Adulthood and the Right to Education

This chapter argues that holding personal autonomy as a political ideal entails a right to education over a full life, not just childhood. The first section reviews the terms under which autonomy is commonly held to be basic to liberal citizenship and how this justifies an individual right to a basic compulsory education in childhood. The second section argues that the tendency to see this right as applying to childhood only is due to an unduly narrow view of autonomy as a political ideal. Finally, it defends an expanded view of autonomy that justifies a role for education in a good life in media res. This role is held to be sufficiently important enough to warrant extending citizens’ educational rights to include post-compulsory provision.

The transcriptional hallmarks of intra-tumor heterogeneity across a thousand tumors

Each tumor contains malignant cells that differ in genotype, phenotype, and in their interactions with the tumor micro-environment (TME). This results in distinct integrated cellular states that govern intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), a central challenge of cancer therapeutics. Dozens of recent studies have begun to describe ITH by single cell RNA-seq, but each study typically profiledonly a small number of tumors and provided a narrow view of transcriptional ITH. Here, we curate, annotate and integrate the data from 77 different studies to reveal the patterns of ITH across 1,163 tumor samples covering 24 tumor types. Focusing on the malignant cells, we find thousands of transcriptional ITH programs that can be described by 41 consensus meta-programs (MPs), each consisting of dozens of genes that are coordinately upregulated in subpopulations of cells within many different tumors. The MPs cover diverse cellular processes and differ in their cancer-type distribution. General MPs associated with processes such as cell cycle and stress vary within most tumors, while context-specific MPs reflect the unique biology of particular cancer types, often resembling developmental cell types and suggesting the co-existence of variable differentiation states within tumors. Some of the MPs are further associated with overall tumor proliferation or immune state, highlighting their potential clinical significance. Based on functional similarities among MPs, we propose a set of 11 hallmarks that together account for the majority of observed ITH programs. Given the breadth and scope of the investigated cohort, the MPs and hallmarks described here reflect the first comprehensive pan-cancer description of transcriptional ITH.

“It's not just parties, it's so much more”: student perceptions of the credibility of UK events management degrees

PurposeThis article explores (1) student perceptions and understanding of Events Management; (2) how Events Management is positioned by different UK Higher Education providers through their online marketing; and (3) the perceived value of an Events Management degree among students.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach, combining an online student questionnaire (n = 524), semi-structured interviews with current first year Events Management students (n = 24) at two UK universities, and website analysis of all Events Management degrees offered in the UK.FindingsStudents demonstrate a lack of knowledge about what Events Management is, what a career in Events Management might entail and the perceived value of an Events Management degree. This suggests the need to reposition Events Management degrees within a broader applied management base. Current course marketing presents a narrow view of Events Management degrees and the narrow vocationally-laden narrative undersells and “over-vocationalises” the subject.Practical implicationsUnderstanding student perceptions better will help universities market Events Management degrees more effectively and will benefit broader efforts to illustrate the value and credibility of it as a degree subject choice and career. More balanced presentation between the practical and non-practical aspects of the courses in university marketing may help reposition Events Management alongside more readily understood vocational subjects.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine student perceptions over the credibility of Events Management degrees. It also addresses Park and Park's (2017) observation that reviews of Events Management education and curricula are conspicuously absent from Hospitality and Tourism journals.

Social Representations and Emotions

A number of authors consider that exploring the interconnections between social representations and emotions is essential. However, both empirical and theoretical contributions have focused on specific aspects of these concepts and thus offer a narrow view of their articulation. Moreover, these are published in different languages, making it difficult to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the subject. Consequently, this article adopts a broader approach through a literature review articulating social representations and emotions. This is based on a search of various databases, conducted between March and April 2020 and using the terms “social representation” and “emotion” (or affect, mood, or feeling) in their singular and plural forms, both in French and in English. As a result, 41 references explicitly mentioned both terms and were published in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish were collected. This brought to light two lines of inquiry that structure this field of research: the first focuses on the role of emotions in the emergence, dynamics, and functioning of social representations, while the second explores how social representations determine emotions or emotional processes. These perspectives will be discussed from both a theoretical and methodological standpoint with the aim of highlighting new avenues for research.

POTENSI INTEGRASI KEARIFAN LOKAL DAYAK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

The focus of the study was to identify the nature of worldview held by candidate science teacher, and explores the relationship, if any, between their worldview and their conception of nature of science. In addition, the implication of this relationship for science teaching and learning are discussed. Participants were 30 Dayak prospective science teachers. Their conception of nature f science and their worldview specific to humans’ relationship with the natural world were assessed using a questionnaire in conjunction with follow up interviews. The results show that 70% of the participant, irrespective to their cultural backgrounds, hold the nature centric worldview, while 30% of them have the anthropocentric worldview. And the interview result confirm that participants possessed narrow view about the nature of science, where they described science as based on facts only, core on observation, no creativity and tentative due to the change of facts. The study suggests the need to for incorporating sociocultural perspectives and nature of science in the curriculum.

Stuck in the Colonial Past?

This contribution challenges representations of landscapes and communities within zoos in Europe that may amplify colonial narratives of local people through a racialised and often static lens. Instead of a holistic portrayal of the relationship between humans and nature that the EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) stipulates within its guidelines, some European zoos continue to perpetuate a narrow view of foreign landscapes within their exhibits. Utilising the concept of representation, this short article argues that Zoo Zürich reinforces colonial narratives through its new Lewa exhibit, an exhibit based on a Kenyan conservancy. This piece is based on an improvised visit to the zoo to see the new African exhibit. It highlights discrepancies between the Lewa exhibit, guidelines of the EAZA and the Lewa Conservancy in Kenya. In this light, we propose recommendations for European zoos to decolonise their institutions and exhibits based on an understanding that is not only scientific, but also historical, critically reflective, and inclusive of non-Western perspectives.

Naẓariyah al-Qiyādah al-Ḥadīṡah: Dirāsah Tafsīriyyah Muqāranah baina al-Ᾱyāt al-Qur’āniyyah wa al-Naẓriyyāt al-Mu‘āṣirah

This study aims to deeply analyze the theory of modern leadership from the perspective of Qur'anic verses and compare them with contemporary studies. In this study, the researcher followed the descriptive, analytical, and comparative approaches. The problem of this study revolves around explaining the inability of Western studies to solve the problem of leadership due to its narrow view of the science of leadership and its various dimensions. For them, the leadership is purely institutional, local, and worldly issues! Unfortunately, it was noticed that some Muslims were impressed negatively by these studies. This study comes to refute those allegations and to show them that the Noble Qur’an has provided us with the principles of local and global leadership in its various surahs and verses through the personalities of the prophets, messengers, kings, and other people in different eras and regions. This study proved that contemporary studies, despite their abundance and diversity; It did not bring anything new more than what the Holy Qur’an had brought about fourteen centuries ago. This study was divided into an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the first chapter, I mentioned the theories and approaches of modern leadership, then in the second chapter, I commented on the alternative Qur’anic perspective on the science of successful leadership, with its conclusion and recommendations.

CIVIL SOCIETY DI INDONESIA: SUATU KONSEKUENSI LOGIS TERWUJUDNYA GOOD GOVERNANCE

Civil society is one of the three important sectors of society, along with government and business. Civil society is one of the important elements of the democratization process in Indonesia. In accordance with the problems formulated above, the purposes of this discussion are to find out the description of civil society in Indonesia, and to find out efforts to strengthen civil society as a logical consequence of the realization of Good Governance in Indonesia. The development of civil society involves all aspects and dimensions of life. Therefore, efforts and commitment are needed to strengthen the community. Cooperation is needed because no party, organization, institution or anything even the government can carry it out alone. The relationship between civil society and good governance is symmetrical between the two. This is because the two concepts were born from the concept of democracy that upholds the values of justice, freedom, individual and group rights. Furthermore, democracy requires the state in carrying out its activities to be open to the public. Strengthening civil society in the flow of democracy must be realized as an absolute necessity for the implementation of a 'strong' and 'clean' government. The weakness of civil society in Indonesia is marked by widespread rejections of state/government policies by the people and these rejections have not received a meaningful response from the state/government. In the process of determining policies, the government bureaucracy still feels that citizens are used as objects of policy. This kind of narrow view will make the government anti-suggestions from citizens in determining policies.

No Unnecessary Burden: Taxpayers and the Politics of Work, Family, and Welfare

The history of the Social Security Amendments of 1967 illuminates the contours of fiscal citizenship. This watershed law created both work requirements for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients and new policy instruments, including federal child support enforcement, to compel poor men to fulfill their financial obligations to their families. Welfare reformers claimed that such changes were necessary to protect the rights of taxpayers against the “criminal” predations of welfare recipients. These policy changes initiated in 1967 redefined poor women's non-work, as well as their sexual and reproductive decisions, as crimes against taxpayers. Welfare recipients contested this logic and the policies that flowed from it by insisting on the value of their own domestic labor and rejecting a narrow view of taxpaying citizenship. The resolution of these questions played a critical role in revising the American social contract.

Challenges in public procurement before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis: Selected theses on a competency-based approach

This paper develops three theses on a competency-based approach during and after the COVID-19 crisis. These theses are based on the following empirical findings: case insights into the procurement of protective gear in Germany, the supplier shortage, which was a problem even before the crisis, and a quantitative view on the extended supply chain challenges in public procurement, including the decreasing number of bidders and an overly narrow view on supply chain partners. A key finding is that while the COVID-19 crisis has uncovered the problems of public procurement, the root causes lie more deeply in public procurement capabilities. As a result, this paper promotes extended public buyer competencies based on a European Framework, evidence-based decision-making in public procurement and the use of digital technologies to improve the security of supplies.