Reducing cardiovascular health impacts from traffic-related noise and air pollution: intervention strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. Curran ◽  
Helen D. Ward ◽  
Mona Shum ◽  
Hugh W. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Road Traffic Noise

Recent studies suggest that exposure to both traffic-related air pollution (TrAP) and to road traffic noise (RTN) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not known, plausible biological models exist for both associations. This paper describes interventions and mitigating measures aimed at reducing both air and noise pollution emitted from traffic. Nine types of interventions are examined within the four strategic themes of (i) land-use planning and transportation management, (ii) reduction of vehicle emissions, (iii) modification of existing structures, and (iv) behavioral change. Not all interventions result in concomitant reductions of air and noise pollutant exposures. Most interventions that rely on a scientific basis to reduce CVD are directed at reducing TrAP. Interventions identified with the greatest potential benefits focus on the pollutant source, such as reductions in traffic volume and air pollutant emissions, and are more easily realized, and likely cheaper, if they are considered in the land-use planning stages with less reliance on behavioral changes.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with non-accidental and cause-specific mortality in the Dutch national cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochem O. Klompmaker ◽  
Nicole A. H. Janssen ◽  
Lizan D. Bloemsma ◽  
Marten Marra ◽  
Erik Lebret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Exposure Models ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Background Everyday people are exposed to multiple environmental factors, such as surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise. These exposures are generally spatially correlated. Hence, when estimating associations of surrounding green, air pollution or traffic noise with health outcomes, the other exposures should be taken into account. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of long-term residential exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with mortality. Methods We followed approximately 10.5 million adults (aged ≥ 30 years) living in the Netherlands from 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2018. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate associations of residential surrounding green (including the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 300 and 1000 m), annual average ambient air pollutant concentrations [including particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and traffic noise with non-accidental and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Results In single-exposure models, surrounding green was negatively associated with all mortality outcomes, while air pollution was positively associated with all outcomes. In two-exposure models, associations of surrounding green and air pollution attenuated but remained. For respiratory mortality, in a two-exposure model with NO2 and NDVI 300 m, the HR of NO2 was 1.040 (95%CI: 1.022, 1.059) per IQR increase (8.3 µg/m3) and the HR of NDVI 300 m was 0.964 (95%CI: 0.952, 0.976) per IQR increase (0.14). Road-traffic noise was positively associated with lung cancer mortality only, also after adjustment for air pollution or surrounding green. Conclusions Lower surrounding green and higher air pollution were associated with a higher risk of non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Studies including only one of these correlated exposures may overestimate the associations with mortality of that exposure.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise and asthma incidence in adults: The Danish Nurse cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 106464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
Marie Pedersen ◽  
Jeanette T. Jørgensen ◽  
Heresh Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Asthma Incidence

scholarly journals Traffic noise feedback in agent-based Integrated Land-Use/Transport Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Kuehnel ◽  
Dominik Ziemke ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Agent Based

Road traffic is a common source of negative environmental externalities such as noise and air pollution. While existing transport models are capable of accurately representing environmental stressors of road traffic, this is less true for integrated land-use/transport models. So-called land-use-transport-environment models aim to integrate environmental impacts. However, the environmental implications are often analyzed as an output of the model only, even though research suggests that the environment itself can have an impact on land use. The few existing models that actually introduce a feedback between land-use and environment fall back on aggregated zonal values. This paper presents a proof of concept for an integrated, microscopic and agent-based approach for a feedback loop between transport-related noise emissions and land-use. The results show that the microscopic link between the submodels is operational and fine-grained analysis by different types of agents is possible. It is shown that high-income households react differently to noise exposure when compared low-income households. The presented approach opens new possibilities for analyzing and understanding noise abatement policies as well as issues of environmental equity. The methodology can be transferred to include air pollutant emissions in the future.

Long-term air pollution and road traffic noise exposure and COPD: the Danish Nurse Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004594
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
Marie Pedersen ◽  
Jeanette T. Jørgensen ◽  
Heresh Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

BackgroundWhile air pollution has been linked to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), evidence on the role of environmental noise is just emerging. We examined the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with COPD incidence.MethodsWe defined COPD incidence for 24 538 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (age>44 years) as the first hospital contact between baseline (1993 or 1999) and 2015. We estimated residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter<2.5 µm (PM2.5) since 1990 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1970 by the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, and road traffic noise (Lden) since 1970 by the Nord2000 model. Time-varying Cox regression models were applied to assess the associations of air pollution and road traffic noise with COPD incidence.Results977 nurses developed COPD during 18.6 years’ mean follow-up. We observed associations with COPD for all three exposures with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) per 6.26 µg·m−3 for PM2.5, 1.13 (1.05, 1.20) per 8.19 µg·m−3 for NO2, and 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) per 10 dB for Lden. Associations with NO2 and Lden attenuated slightly after mutual adjustment, but were robust to adjustment for PM2.5. Associations with PM2.5 were attenuated to null after adjustment for either NO2 or Lden. No potential interaction effect was observed between air pollutants and noise.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to air pollution, especially traffic-related NO2, and road traffic noise were independently associated with COPD.

scholarly journals Road traffic noise, air pollution and cardiovascular events in a Swedish cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 109446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Andersson ◽  
Mikael Ögren ◽  
Peter Molnár ◽  
David Segersson ◽  
Annika Rosengren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Swedish Cohort

scholarly journals Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
pp. 087003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochem O. Klompmaker ◽  
Nicole A. H. Janssen ◽  
Lizan D. Bloemsma ◽  
Ulrike Gehring ◽  
Alet H. Wijga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Combined Exposures

ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE, AIR POLLUTION AND HYPERTENSION IN OSLO, NORWAY

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Oftedal ◽  
Per Nafstad ◽  
Per E. Schwarze ◽  
Gunn Marit Aasvang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise

Exposure to long-term air pollution and road traffic noise in relation to cholesterol: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Sørensen ◽  
Dorrit Hjortebjerg ◽  
Kirsten T. Eriksen ◽  
Matthias Ketzel ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and stroke incidence: a Danish Nurse Cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Cole-Hunter ◽  
Christian Dehlendorff ◽  
Heresh Amini ◽  
Amar Mehta ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Road traffic noise has been linked to increased risk of ischemic heart disease, yet evidence on stroke shows mixed results. We examine the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of stroke, overall and by subtype (ischemic or hemorrhagic), after adjustment for air pollution. Methods Twenty-five thousand six hundred and sixty female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort recruited in 1993 or 1999 were followed for stroke-related first-ever hospital contact until December 31st, 2014. Full residential address histories since 1970 were obtained and annual means of road traffic noise (Lden [dB]) and air pollutants (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm and < 10 μm [PM2.5 and PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], nitrogen oxides [NOx]) were determined using validated models. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for the associations of one-, three-, and 23-year running means of Lden preceding stroke (all, ischemic or hemorrhagic), adjusting for stroke risk factors and air pollutants. The World Health Organization and the Danish government’s maximum exposure recommendations of 53 and 58 dB, respectively, were explored as potential Lden thresholds. Results Of 25,660 nurses, 1237 developed their first stroke (1089 ischemic, 148 hemorrhagic) during 16 years mean follow-up. For associations between a 1-year mean of Lden and overall stroke incidence, the estimated HR (95% CI) in the fully adjusted model was 1.06 (0.98–1.14) per 10 dB, which attenuated to 1.01 (0.93–1.09) and 1.00 (0.91–1.09) in models further adjusted for PM2.5 or NO2, respectively. Associations for other exposure periods or separately for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were similar. There was no evidence of a threshold association between Lden and stroke. Conclusions Long-term exposure to road traffic noise was suggestively positively associated with the risk of overall stroke, although not after adjusting for air pollution.

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