scholarly journals International collaborative study shows sustained reduction of infant and child mortality rates

Medwave ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. e5962-e5962
Author(s):  
Ernesto Guiraldes Camerati
1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Longstaff ◽  
Man-Yu Wong ◽  
Patrick J Gaffney

SummaryAn international collaborative study has been carried out to investigate the reproducibility of hirudin assays in 13 laboratories using four recombinant hirudins and one natural, sulphated product. A simple assay procedure was proposed involving the titration of α-thrombin with inhibitor and measurement of residual activity using a chromogenic substrate. A standard α-thrombin preparation was supplied to ensure that this reagent was of uniform quality throughout the study. The method appeared to present no difficulties and laboratories reported similar potencies for the 5 hirudin samples, in line with expected values. This gave 200–222 Thrombin Inhibitory Units/ampoule (TIU/ampoule) of lyophilised hirudin, with geometric coefficient of variation (gcv) values ranging from 10.15–15.97%. This corresponds to specific activities of approximately 14,300–15,900 TIU/mg protein. This is close to the upper limit of previously reported values of specific activity. We conclude that the precision of this determination compared with the wider range of values in the literature (8,000–16,000 thrombin inhibitory units [TIU]/mg) results from the use of good quality standard α-thrombin by all laboratories. This study has important implications for hirudin standardisation.


1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Thomas ◽  
A D Curtis ◽  
T W Barrowcliffe

SummaryAn international collaborative study, in which 22 laboratories participated, was carried out to establish a replacement for the International Standard for Heparin. A total of 248 assays were analyzed, including APTT, thrombin inhibition and anti-Xa assays, as well as pharmacopoeial assays. Overall, there was less than 5% difference in the mean potency estimates of the candidate preparations, by all assay methods. The freeze-dried preparation 82/502 demonstrated the closest parallelism by bioassay to the existing standard and was established by WHO as the 4th International Standard for Heparin, with an assigned unitage of 1780 i.u. per ampoule.


1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Petr Svobodný

During most of the eighteenth century the Italian Hospital in Prague served mostly as a home for foundlings and orphans, who remained in the Hospital until they were around age twenty. The Hospital's death register is an important source for the study of mortality patterns among infants, children, and young persons in their teens, but the information in it has to be evaluated critically. Analysis of death patterns suggests that the Hospital's care system was not able to reduce significantly the expected high infant and child mortality rates, but also that the Hospital's residents did enjoy certain kinds of care that were not available to children in private homes.


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