Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant root exudates bio-communications in the rhizosphere

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi living in the soil closely collaborate with plants in their root zone and play very important role in their evolution. Their symbiosis stimulates plant growth and resistance to different environmental stresses. Plant root system, extended by mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has better capability to reach the water and dissolved nutrients from a much larger volume of soil. This could solve the problem of imminent depletion of phosphate stock, affect plant fertilisation, and contribute to sustainable production of foods, feeds, biofuel, and raw materials. Expanded plant root systems reduce erosion of soil, improve soil quality, and extend the diversity of soil microflora. On the other hand, symbiosis with plants affects species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increased plant diversity supports diversity of fungi. This review summarizes the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to beneficial potential of their symbiosis with plants, and their function in the ecosystem.

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SeSaMe: Metagenome Sequence Classification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated Microorganisms

10.1101/2020.05.20.106559 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jee Eun Kang ◽

Antonio Ciampi ◽

Mohamed Hijri

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Root ◽

Query Sequence ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Correct Prediction ◽

Link Type

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that play key roles in plant growth and soil fertility. They are obligate biotrophic fungi that form coenocytic multinucleated hyphae and spores. Numerous studies have shown that diverse microorganisms live on the surface and inside their mycelia, resulting in a metagenome when whole genome sequencing (WGS) data are obtained from sequencing AMF cultivated in vivo. The metagenome contains not only the AMF sequences, but also those from associated microorganisms. In this article, we introduce a novel bioinformatics program, SeSaMe, designed for taxonomic classification of short sequences obtained by next-generation DNA sequencing. A genus-specific usage bias database was created based on amino acid usage and codon usage of three consecutive codon DNA 9-mers encoding for an amino acid trimer in a protein secondary structure. The program distinguishes between coding sequence (CDS) and non-CDS, and classifies a query sequence into a genus group out of 54 genera used as reference. The average correct prediction percentages of the CDS and the non-CDS test sets at the genus level were 71% and 50% for bacteria, 65% and 73% for fungi (excluding AMF), and 49% and 72% for AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis), respectively. The program provides a means for estimating not only taxonomic diversity and abundance but also the gene reservoir of the reference taxonomic groups associated with AMF. Therefore, the program enables users to study the symbiotic roles of associated microorganisms. SeSaMe can be applicable to other microorganisms as well as soil metagenomes. It is freely available at www.journal.com and www.fungalsesame.org.

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Stimulation of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi by Mycotrophic and Nonmycotrophic Plant Root Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.59.8.2750-2752.1993 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 2750-2752 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. Paul Schreiner ◽

Roger T. Koide

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Root ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Root Systems ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Plant Root Systems ◽

Stimulation Of

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi co-colonizing on a single plant root system recruit distinct microbiomes

10.26226/morressier.5f8090e66934880e60c0a8da ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiachao Zhou

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root System ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Root ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Single Plant ◽

Plant Root System

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-099 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 941-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Chantal Hamel ◽

Désiré-Georges Strullu

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Root ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Soil Microbiology ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Field Crop ◽

Soil System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are multipurpose organisms with complex ecological ramifications in the soil system that have been difficult to study and understand. The phytocentric concept of AMF that has prevailed since the naming of these organisms is being replaced by a holistic vision recognizing that AMF are a key element of soil functioning and health rather than a plant root component. Recent advances in knowledge brought about by new techniques for soil microbiology research open the way to AMF management in crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may influence crop development, even in phosphorus-rich soils. However, growing crops in soil with lower fertility would optimize the expression of the multiple beneficial effects of AMF in agro-ecosystem and reduce nutrient seepage to the environment. The consideration of the soil mycorrhizal potential within the framework of soil testing and fertilization recommendations, the development of improved inoculants and signal molecules to manipulate AMF and the development of cultivars with improved symbiotic qualities would insure the production of good crop yields while improving agroecosystems’ sustainability. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi management, field crop production, agriculture, soil quality, arbuscular mycorrhizal effect

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