scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi – Their Life and Function in Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Piliarová ◽  
Katarína Ondreičková ◽  
Martina Hudcovicová ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
Ján Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Plant Root Systems

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi living in the soil closely collaborate with plants in their root zone and play very important role in their evolution. Their symbiosis stimulates plant growth and resistance to different environmental stresses. Plant root system, extended by mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has better capability to reach the water and dissolved nutrients from a much larger volume of soil. This could solve the problem of imminent depletion of phosphate stock, affect plant fertilisation, and contribute to sustainable production of foods, feeds, biofuel, and raw materials. Expanded plant root systems reduce erosion of soil, improve soil quality, and extend the diversity of soil microflora. On the other hand, symbiosis with plants affects species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increased plant diversity supports diversity of fungi. This review summarizes the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to beneficial potential of their symbiosis with plants, and their function in the ecosystem.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Liu ◽  
Sabine Ravnskov ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Gitte H. Rubæk ◽  
Mathias N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Low Phosphorus

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI) improves water use efficiency (WUE), but the reduced water input often limits plant growth and nutrient uptake. The current study examined whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could alleviate abiotic stress caused by low phosphorus (P) fertilization and DI.A greenhouse experiment was conducted with potato grown with (P1) or without (P0) P fertilization, with AMF (M1+:Rhizophagus irregularisor M2+:Glomus proliferum) or AMF-free control (M−) and subjected to full irrigation (FI), DI or partial root-zone drying (PRD).Inoculation of M1+ and M2+ maintained or improved plant growth and P/nitrogen (N) uptake when subjected to DI/PRD and P0. However, the positive responses to AMF varied with P level and irrigation regime. Functional differences were found in ability of AMF species alleviating plant stress. The largest positive plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ was found under FI, both at P1 and P0 (25% increase), while plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ under DI/PRD (14% increase) was significantly smaller. The large growth response to AMF inoculation, particularly under FI, may relate to greater photosynthetic capacity and leaf area, probably caused by stimulation of plant P/N uptake and carbon partitioning toward roots and tubers. However, plant growth response to AMF was not related to the percentage of AMF root colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can maintain and improve P/N uptake, WUE and growth of plants both at high/low P levels and under FI/DI. If this is also the case under field conditions, it should be implemented for sustainable potato production.

scholarly journals SeSaMe: Metagenome Sequence Classification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Eun Kang ◽  
Antonio Ciampi ◽  
Mohamed Hijri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Query Sequence ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Link Type

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that play key roles in plant growth and soil fertility. They are obligate biotrophic fungi that form coenocytic multinucleated hyphae and spores. Numerous studies have shown that diverse microorganisms live on the surface and inside their mycelia, resulting in a metagenome when whole genome sequencing (WGS) data are obtained from sequencing AMF cultivated in vivo. The metagenome contains not only the AMF sequences, but also those from associated microorganisms. In this article, we introduce a novel bioinformatics program, SeSaMe, designed for taxonomic classification of short sequences obtained by next-generation DNA sequencing. A genus-specific usage bias database was created based on amino acid usage and codon usage of three consecutive codon DNA 9-mers encoding for an amino acid trimer in a protein secondary structure. The program distinguishes between coding sequence (CDS) and non-CDS, and classifies a query sequence into a genus group out of 54 genera used as reference. The average correct prediction percentages of the CDS and the non-CDS test sets at the genus level were 71% and 50% for bacteria, 65% and 73% for fungi (excluding AMF), and 49% and 72% for AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis), respectively. The program provides a means for estimating not only taxonomic diversity and abundance but also the gene reservoir of the reference taxonomic groups associated with AMF. Therefore, the program enables users to study the symbiotic roles of associated microorganisms. SeSaMe can be applicable to other microorganisms as well as soil metagenomes. It is freely available at www.journal.com and www.fungalsesame.org.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Désiré-Georges Strullu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are multipurpose organisms with complex ecological ramifications in the soil system that have been difficult to study and understand. The phytocentric concept of AMF that has prevailed since the naming of these organisms is being replaced by a holistic vision recognizing that AMF are a key element of soil functioning and health rather than a plant root component. Recent advances in knowledge brought about by new techniques for soil microbiology research open the way to AMF management in crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may influence crop development, even in phosphorus-rich soils. However, growing crops in soil with lower fertility would optimize the expression of the multiple beneficial effects of AMF in agro-ecosystem and reduce nutrient seepage to the environment. The consideration of the soil mycorrhizal potential within the framework of soil testing and fertilization recommendations, the development of improved inoculants and signal molecules to manipulate AMF and the development of cultivars with improved symbiotic qualities would insure the production of good crop yields while improving agroecosystems’ sustainability. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi management, field crop production, agriculture, soil quality, arbuscular mycorrhizal effect

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Diversity Affects the Plant-Root Colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorotéia Alves Ferreira ◽  
Thais Freitas da Silva ◽  
Victor Satler Pylro ◽  
Joana Falcão Salles ◽  
Fernando Dini Andreote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial
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