Evaluation of various fungicides and soil solarization practices for the management of common bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and seed yield and loss in Hararghe Highlands of Ethiopia

New cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with durable resistance to anthracnose can be developed by pyramiding major resistance genes using marker-assisted selection. To this end, it is necessary to identify sources of resistance and molecular markers tightly linked to the resistance genes. The objectives of this work were to study the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose in the cultivar TO (carrying the Co-4 gene), to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to Co-4, and to introgress this gene in the cultivar Rudá. Populations F1, F2, F2:3, BC1s, and BC1r from the cross Rudá × TO were inoculated with race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of bean anthracnose. The phenotypic ratios (resistant/susceptible) were 3:1 in the F2 population, 1:1 in the BC1s, and 1:0 in the BC1r, confirming that resistance to anthracnose in the cultivar TO was monogenic and dominant. Six RAPD markers linked to the Co-4 gene were identified, four in the coupling phase: OPY20830C (0.0 centimorgan [cM]), OPC08900C (9.7 cM), OPI16850C (14.3 cM), and OPJ011,380C (18.1 cM); and two in the repulsion phase: OPB031,800T (3.7 cM) and OPA18830T (17.4 cM). OPY20830C and OPB031,800T, used in association as a codominant pair, allowed the identification of the three genotypic classes with a high degree of confidence. Marker OPY20830C, which is tightly linked to Co-4, is being used to assist in breeding for resistance to anthracnose.

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Investigating Phenotypic Variability in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Populations

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-06-11-0179 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 490-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. M. A. Pinto ◽

R. Pereira ◽

S. F. Mota ◽

F. H. Ishikawa ◽

E. A. Souza

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Common Bean ◽

Asexual Reproduction ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Bean Anthracnose

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose in the common bean, has wide genetic variability. Differential bean cultivars and morphological and physiological characteristics were used to analyze 74 isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected in two counties in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Six different races were found, with a predominance of race 65 at both locations. Isolates were classified according to their sensitivities to the fungicide thiophanate-methyl, normally used in the control of common bean anthracnose. In all, ≈10% of isolates were resistant to the fungicide in vitro. Characteristics such as indexes of mycelia growth rate, colony diameter, sporulation capacity, and percentage of germination demonstrated the high genetic variability of C. lindemuthianum. We also observed variation in conidial cytology. The conidia of most isolates showed septa formation after germination, in contrast to septa absence, previously reported in the literature. Sexual and asexual reproduction were evaluated for mechanisms that may contribute in the generation of variability in C. lindemuthianum. Conidial anastomosis tubes were commonly found, indicating that asexual reproduction can help increase variability in this species. Information from this study confirmed high variability in C. lindemuthianum and will guide future studies in basic knowledge and applied technologies.

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Virulence and genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and resistance of local common bean germplasm to anthracnose in Pernambuco State, Brazil

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-020-02179-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria da Conceição Martiniano-Souza ◽

Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽

Antonio Félix da Costa ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

Vanusa da Silva Ramos Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Common Bean ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum

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Indicator kriging modeling epidemiology of common bean anthracnose

Applied Geomatics ◽

10.1007/s12518-010-0021-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 65-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcelo de Carvalho Alves ◽

Edson Ampélio Pozza

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Indicator Kriging ◽

Bean Anthracnose

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Selection for seed yield in Middle American versus Andean x Middle American interracial common-bean populations

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00811.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 269-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Selection For

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Molecular Hallmarks, Agronomic Performances and Seed Nutraceutical Properties to Exploit Neglected Genetic Resources of Common Beans Grown by Organic Farming in Two Contrasting Environments

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.674985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pietro Sica ◽

Francesco Scariolo ◽

Aline Galvao ◽

Domiziana Battaggia ◽

Carlo Nicoletto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Common Bean ◽

Sea Level ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Crop Species ◽

Pure Lines ◽

Nutraceutical Properties

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential source of food proteins and an important component of sustainable agriculture systems around the world. Thus, conserving and exploiting the genetic materials of this crop species play an important role in achieving global food safety and security through the preservation of functional and serependic opportunities afforded by plant species diversity. Our research aimed to collect and perform agronomic, morpho-phenological, molecular-genetic, and nutraceutical characterizations of common bean accessions, including lowland and mountain Venetian niche landraces (ancient farmer populations) and Italian elite lineages (old breeder selections). Molecular characterization with SSR and SNP markers grouped these accessions into two well-separated clusters that were linked to the original Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, which was consistent with the outputs of ancestral analysis. Genetic diversity in the two main clusters was not distributed equally the Andean gene pool was found to be much more uniform than the Mesoamerican pool. Additional subdivision resulted in subclusters, supporting the existence of six varietal groups. Accessions were selected according to preliminary investigations and historical records and cultivated in two contrasting Venetian environments: sea-level and mountain territories. We found that the environment significantly affected some nutraceutical properties of the seeds, mainly protein and starch contents. The antioxidant capacity was found significantly greater at sea level for climbing accessions and in the mountains for dwarf accessions. The seed yield at sea level was halved than mountain due to a seeds reduction in weight, volume, size and density. At sea level, bean landraces tended to have extended flowering periods and shorter fresh pod periods. The seed yield was positively correlated with the length of the period during which plants had fresh pods and negatively correlated with the length of the flowering period. Thus, the agronomic performance of these genetic resources showed their strong connection and adaptation to mountainous environments. On the whole, the genetic-molecular information put together for these univocal bean entries was combined with overall results from plant and seed analyses to select and transform the best accessions into commercial varieties (i.e., pure lines) suitable for wider cultivation.

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Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.005.03.1980 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

Moses J. Kiryowa ◽

Aston Ebinu ◽

Vincent Kyaligonza ◽

Stanley T. Nkalubo ◽

Pamela Paparu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Single Gene ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Pathogenic Variation ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Differential Cultivar ◽

Bean Anthracnose ◽

Pathogenic Variability

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.

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