scholarly journals Investigating Phenotypic Variability in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. A. Pinto ◽  
R. Pereira ◽  
S. F. Mota ◽  
F. H. Ishikawa ◽  
E. A. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Bean Anthracnose

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose in the common bean, has wide genetic variability. Differential bean cultivars and morphological and physiological characteristics were used to analyze 74 isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected in two counties in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Six different races were found, with a predominance of race 65 at both locations. Isolates were classified according to their sensitivities to the fungicide thiophanate-methyl, normally used in the control of common bean anthracnose. In all, ≈10% of isolates were resistant to the fungicide in vitro. Characteristics such as indexes of mycelia growth rate, colony diameter, sporulation capacity, and percentage of germination demonstrated the high genetic variability of C. lindemuthianum. We also observed variation in conidial cytology. The conidia of most isolates showed septa formation after germination, in contrast to septa absence, previously reported in the literature. Sexual and asexual reproduction were evaluated for mechanisms that may contribute in the generation of variability in C. lindemuthianum. Conidial anastomosis tubes were commonly found, indicating that asexual reproduction can help increase variability in this species. Information from this study confirmed high variability in C. lindemuthianum and will guide future studies in basic knowledge and applied technologies.

Genetic variability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in wild populations of common bean

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SICARD ◽  
S. BUCHET ◽  
Y. MICHALAKIS ◽  
C. NEEMA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Wild Populations

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races based on ITS-rDNA regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Marcela Coêlho ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Rodrigo Chimenez Franzon ◽  
Vanusa Silva Ramos Martins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
A Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the causal agent of anthracnose in common bean. Favorable conditions for this disease might result in up to 100% yield losses. One of the main challenges for common bean producers and breeders still remains the management disease, since this pathogen exhibits a wide genetic variability probably due to its recombination sexual reproduction. The 5·8S gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of 40 different isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected in Brazil were amplified by PCR, and sequenced in order to determine genetic variability. The results revealed that 46.88% of SNPs were detected in the ITS1 region, while 53.12% of them were located in the ITS2 region. The genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.169 between races. The greatest distance was observed between the races 10 and 73 with a value of 0.169, indicating a wide genetic variability between them. The phylogenetic tree was composed of three groups. Group I had five subgroups. Similar results were also observed through population structure analysis, which revealed the presence of three clusters. These results suggest that sequence analysis of ITS rDNA regions of C. lindemuthianum may be a valuable tool to identify this pathogen through design of specific primers.

scholarly journals ASF1 activation PI3K/AKT pathway regulates sexual and asexual development in filamentous ascomycete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Wang ◽  
Xiaoman Liu ◽  
Chenlin Xiong ◽  
Susu Gao ◽  
Wenmeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Asexual Development ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction

Sexual and asexual reproduction is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can modulate sexual reproduction in mammals. However, this signaling pathway modulating sexual and asexual reproduction in fungi is scarcely understood. SeASF1, a SeH4 chaperone, could manipulate sexual and asexual reproduction of Stemphylium eturmiunum. SeDJ-1, screened from SeΔasf1 transcriptome, was confirmed to regulate sexual and asexual development by RNAi, of which the mechanism was demonstrated by detecting transcriptional levels and protein interactions of SeASF1, SeH4 and SeDJ-1 by qRT-PCR, and Y2H, Co-IP and Pull-down, respectively. SeASF1 coupling SeH4 bound SeDJ-1 to arouse the sexual and asexual activity. In S. eturmiunum genome, SeDJ-1 was upstream while SeGSK3 was downstream in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, SeDJ-1 interacted with SePI3K or SeGSK3 in vivo and in vitro. Significantly, SeDJ-1 or SePI3K could effectively stimulate sexual activity alone, but SePI3K could recover the sexual development of SiSeDJ-1.SeDJ-1-M6 was a critical segment for interaction of SeDJ-1 with SePI3K. SeDJ-1-M6 played a critical role in irritating sexual reproduction in SiSePI3K, which further uncovered the regulated mechanism of SeDJ-1. SeASF1 coupling SeH4 motivates SeDJ-1 to arouse SePI3K involved in sexual reproduction. Thus, SeASF1 can activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate sexual and asexual development in filamentous ascomycete.

scholarly journals Identification of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers Linked to the Co-4 Resistance Gene to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Common Bean

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricilia C. Cardoso de Arruda ◽  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
José Mauro Chagas ◽  
Maurilio Alves Moreira ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Repulsion Phase ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

New cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with durable resistance to anthracnose can be developed by pyramiding major resistance genes using marker-assisted selection. To this end, it is necessary to identify sources of resistance and molecular markers tightly linked to the resistance genes. The objectives of this work were to study the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose in the cultivar TO (carrying the Co-4 gene), to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to Co-4, and to introgress this gene in the cultivar Rudá. Populations F1, F2, F2:3, BC1s, and BC1r from the cross Rudá × TO were inoculated with race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of bean anthracnose. The phenotypic ratios (resistant/susceptible) were 3:1 in the F2 population, 1:1 in the BC1s, and 1:0 in the BC1r, confirming that resistance to anthracnose in the cultivar TO was monogenic and dominant. Six RAPD markers linked to the Co-4 gene were identified, four in the coupling phase: OPY20830C (0.0 centimorgan [cM]), OPC08900C (9.7 cM), OPI16850C (14.3 cM), and OPJ011,380C (18.1 cM); and two in the repulsion phase: OPB031,800T (3.7 cM) and OPA18830T (17.4 cM). OPY20830C and OPB031,800T, used in association as a codominant pair, allowed the identification of the three genotypic classes with a high degree of confidence. Marker OPY20830C, which is tightly linked to Co-4, is being used to assist in breeding for resistance to anthracnose.

scholarly journals Screening of plant extracts for antifungal activities against Colletotrichum species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. G. MASANGWA ◽  
T. A. S. AVELING ◽  
Q. KRITZINGER
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Acetone Extracts

SUMMARYThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antifungal activities of plant extracts which can be used to control bean and cowpea anthracnose. Acetone, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Ipomoea batatas, Carica papaya, Allium sativum, Syzygium cordatum, Chlorophytum comosum and Agapanthus caulescens were screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Colletotrichum dematium of common bean and cowpea using the agar disc infusion and microtitre double-dilution techniques. The same extracts were then tested for antifungal activity in vivo as seed treatments against anthracnose disease. The water extracts of Carica and Syzygium were active against C. lindemuthianum and had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1·56 mg/ml. Syzygium, Allium and Chlorophytum water extracts were active against C. dematium and MICs were 3·13, 6·25 and 12·5 mg/ml, respectively. The MICs of Allium, Syzygium and Agapanthus acetone extracts were 0·78, 3·13 and 6·25 mg/ml, respectively, against C. lindemuthianum and 0·78, 6·25 and 3·13 mg/ml against C. dematium. Agapanthus water extracts and all the acetone extracts tested in vivo effectively reduced the incidence and severity of bean anthracnose disease in the greenhouse. Agapanthus acetone, Allium water, and both acetone and water extracts of Carica and Syzygium performed well in vivo in reducing cowpea anthracnose disease and compared well with reductions due to the application of the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil+mefenoxam (the commercial product Celest® XL) applied at 25 gai/l and also with levels in the non-inoculated control. The Agapanthus, Carica, Syzygium and Allium extracts were active on both Colletotrichum spp. in vitro and also reduced anthracnose disease of bean and cowpea and are potential seed treatments in anthracnose disease control. The easy seed treatment process and the accessibility of plants used in the present study could lead to high adoption of the use of the plant extracts as seed treatments by resource-poor, smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates from Turkey and resistance of Turkish bean cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e1005
Author(s):  
Gulsum Palacioglu ◽  
Harun Bayraktar ◽  
Goksel Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Aim of study: To evaluate genetic variability and population structure of C. lindemuthianum isolates in Turkey and to record the reactions of some common bean cultivars to the pathogen isolates representing different genetic groups.Area of study: The study was performed in seven provinces of Turkey.Material and methods: Genetic diversity of 91 C. lindemuthianum isolates obtained from different provinces of Turkey was characterized by 27 iPBS and 30 ISSR primers. Also, the resistance of 40 common bean cultivars was scored against three isolates representing different genetic groups.Main results: The dendrogram based on the combined dataset of iPBS and ISSR markers classified the isolates into two main groups with a genetic similarity of 72%, which closely associated with the geographic distribution of the isolates. The dendrogram of Nei’s genetic distances and Structure analysis supported the clustering of C. lindemuthianum isolates according to the geographical provinces. The results indicated that high level of genetic diversity (GST= 0.4) and low level of gene flow (NM=0.748) exist among the populations. AMOVA analysis showed that 58.7% of total genetic variability resulted from genetic differences between the isolates within populations, while 41.29% was among populations. Four cultivars showed resistant reaction to three isolates, while the other cultivars were susceptible to at least one isolate.Research highlights: The results indicated that iPBS and ISSR markers were reliable and effective tools for analyzing population structure of C. lindemuthianum and revealed high level of genetic and pathogenic diversity among pathogen populations in Turkey.

scholarly journals Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde as control agents of anthracnose on common bean seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira ◽  
Geraldo Humberto Silva ◽  
Elaine Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Denilson Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Willian Rodrigues Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Commercial Fungicide

Abstract Among the fungi that cause damage to the common bean and are disseminated by the seeds, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. e Magn.) Briosi e Cavara stands out. This fungus causes anthracnose in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Use of natural compounds is a viable and safer option than chemicals to manage this disease. Essential oils have shown antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi. According to the results of the in vitro test, we observed complete inhibition of the growth of C. lindemuthianum with the use of cassia cinnamon essential oil ( Cinnamomum cassia ) (EO) and its major component ( E )-Cinnamaldehyde, presenting MIC of 125 µg/mL, while the commercial fungicide presented MIC of 30.6 µg/mL. And in vivo , where seeds naturally infected with C. lindemuthianum were treated with the EO and the substance in a solution with commercial soybean oil, we observed that the treatments did not affect germination and initial seed vigor. In addition, the seed treatment with solutions formulated from EO and ( E )-cinnamaldehyde was efficient for reducing the incidence of anthracnose over the days evaluated, as well as for the commercial fungicide used (methyl thiophanate). This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of C. cassia oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde in the control of C. lindemuthianum through the treatment of common bean seeds.

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