Effect of Integrated Management of Bean Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. and Magn.) Through Soil Solarization and Fungicide Applications on Epidemics of the Disease and Seed Health in Hararghe Highlands, Ethiopia

Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.

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Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.005.03.1980 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

Moses J. Kiryowa ◽

Aston Ebinu ◽

Vincent Kyaligonza ◽

Stanley T. Nkalubo ◽

Pamela Paparu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Single Gene ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Pathogenic Variation ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Differential Cultivar ◽

Bean Anthracnose ◽

Pathogenic Variability

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.

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A Specific and Sensitive Method for the Detection of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Dry Bean Tissue

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-10-1271 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (10) ◽

pp. 1271-1276 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yong-Yan Chen ◽

R. L. Conner ◽

C. L. Gillard ◽

G. J. Boland ◽

C. Babcock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genomic Dna ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Bean Anthracnose ◽

Sensitive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Dna Template

To facilitate early diagnosis and improve control of bean anthracnose, a rapid, specific, and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect the causal agent, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed. Based on sequence data of the rDNA region consisting of the 5.8S gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 of four C. lindemuthianum races and 17 Colletotrichum species downloaded from GenBank, five forward primers were designed and evaluated for their specificity. Among them, one forward primer was selected for use in combination with ITS4 to specifically detect C. lindemuthianum. A 461-bp specific band was amplified from the genomic DNA template of 16 representative isolates of C. lindemuthianum, but not from 58 representative isolates of 17 other Colletotrichum species or 10 bean pathogens. Moreover, to enhance the sensitivity of detection, nested PCR was applied, which allowed the detection of as little as 10 fg of C. lindemuthianum genomic DNA and 1% infected seed powder, which was mixed with 99% healthy seed powder. The diagnostic analysis can be completed within 24 h, compared with about 2 weeks required for culturing. Furthermore, this method can be performed and interpreted by personnel with no specialized taxonomic expertise.

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Adaptation of Soil Solarization to the Integrated Management of Soilborne Pests of Tomato Under Humid Conditions

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1997.87.3.250 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 250-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

D. O. Chellemi ◽

S. M. Olson ◽

D. J. Mitchell ◽

I. Secker ◽

R. McSorley

Keyword(s):

Methyl Bromide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Production Systems ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Soil Solarization ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Standard Production

Soil solarization was shown to be cost effective, compatible with other pest management tactics, readily integrated into standard production systems, and a valid alternative to preplant fumigation with methyl bromide under the tested conditions. Solarization using clear, photoselective, or gas-impermeable plastic was evaluated in combination with metham sodium, 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, methyl bromide + chloropicrin, pebulate, or cabbage residue. Strip solarization, applied to 20-cm-high, 0.9-m-wide beds, was conducted to achieve compatibility with standard production practices and resulted in soil temperatures 2 to 4°C above those temperatures resulting when using conventional flatbed solarization. Soil temperatures were 1 to 2°C higher at the edges of the raised beds, eliminating any border effects associated with solarization. Following a 40- to 55-day solarization period, the plastic was painted white and used as a production mulch for a subsequent tomato crop. The incidence of Southern blight and the density of Paratrichodorus minor and Criconemella spp. were lower (P < 0.05) in solarized plots. No differences (P < 0.05) in the incidence of Fusarium wilt and the density of nutsedge and Helicotylenchus spp. were observed between plots receiving solarization and plots fumigated with a mixture of methyl bromide + chloropicrin. The severity of root galling was lower (P < 0.05) when soil solarization was combined with 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin (16.2 + 3.4 g/m2) and a gas-impermeable film. The incidence of bacterial wilt was not affected by soil treatments. Marketable yields in plots using various combinations of soil solarization and other tactics were similar (P < 0.05) to yields obtained in plots fumigated with methyl bromide + chloropicrin. The results were validated in several large scale field experiments conducted by commercial growers.

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Characterization of Mexican Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by Using Differential Cultivars and Molecular Markers

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.292 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 292-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Mario González ◽

Raul Rodríguez ◽

Maria Elena Zavala ◽

Juan L. Jacobo ◽

Fernando Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Aflp Data ◽

Bootstrap Analysis ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Bean Anthracnose

Differential cultivars and molecular markers were used to analyze 59 isolates of the bean anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, from different regions of Mexico. Ten distinct races were determined, three of which had not been reported previously in Mexico. Isolates were found to infect only a narrow range of the differential cultivars used and were restricted to cultivars of Middle American origin. A comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses was carried out on a subset of the fungal isolates. Determination of genetic distances based on AFLP data and production of a dendrogram demonstrated two levels of association: i) isolates classified into two major groups according to the type of cultivar or system of cultivation from which they originated, and ii) isolates could be classified into smaller subgroups generally associated with the geographic location from which they were obtained. Bootstrap analysis and determination of confidence intervals showed these geographic groupings to be extremely robust.

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Influence of Tillage Practices on Anthracnose Development and Distribution in Dry Bean Fields

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.71 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

N. Ntahimpera ◽

H. R. Dillard ◽

A. C. Cobb ◽

R. C. Seem

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Initial Inoculum ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Bean Cultivar ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Bean Anthracnose ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Over Time

Three tillage practices—chiseling, rototilling, and moldboard plowing—were evaluated in 1993 and 1994 to determine their impact on initial disease development, distribution, and progression over time in a field of the susceptible kidney bean cultivar Horizon. The tillage treatments were administered in the spring in a field infested in 1992 with the bean anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum race β. Initial disease incidence was highest in the chiseled plots, where more bean debris was left on the surface than in the other treatments. Significantly higher final disease incidence and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) occurred in the chiseled plots than in the rototilled and moldboard plowed plots. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.75) between the percentage of debris left on the surface and subsequent disease incidence on pods in the field. Anthracnose incidence or severity in the field was highly correlated with disease incidence on harvested pods (r values ranged between 0.87 and 0.98). Results from the ordinary runs analysis showed that anthracnose occurred randomly within the field early in the season, indicating that initial inoculum was from bean debris within the field. Later in the season, plant-to-plant spread resulted in a more clustered distribution of diseased plants.

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