scholarly journals Identification of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers Linked to the Co-4 Resistance Gene to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Common Bean

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricilia C. Cardoso de Arruda ◽  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
José Mauro Chagas ◽  
Maurilio Alves Moreira ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Repulsion Phase ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

New cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with durable resistance to anthracnose can be developed by pyramiding major resistance genes using marker-assisted selection. To this end, it is necessary to identify sources of resistance and molecular markers tightly linked to the resistance genes. The objectives of this work were to study the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose in the cultivar TO (carrying the Co-4 gene), to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to Co-4, and to introgress this gene in the cultivar Rudá. Populations F1, F2, F2:3, BC1s, and BC1r from the cross Rudá × TO were inoculated with race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of bean anthracnose. The phenotypic ratios (resistant/susceptible) were 3:1 in the F2 population, 1:1 in the BC1s, and 1:0 in the BC1r, confirming that resistance to anthracnose in the cultivar TO was monogenic and dominant. Six RAPD markers linked to the Co-4 gene were identified, four in the coupling phase: OPY20830C (0.0 centimorgan [cM]), OPC08900C (9.7 cM), OPI16850C (14.3 cM), and OPJ011,380C (18.1 cM); and two in the repulsion phase: OPB031,800T (3.7 cM) and OPA18830T (17.4 cM). OPY20830C and OPB031,800T, used in association as a codominant pair, allowed the identification of the three genotypic classes with a high degree of confidence. Marker OPY20830C, which is tightly linked to Co-4, is being used to assist in breeding for resistance to anthracnose.

Characterization of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Races in Zambia and Evaluation of the CIAT Phaseolus Core Collection for Resistance to Anthracnose

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Kamfwa ◽  
Paul Gepts ◽  
Swivia Hamabwe ◽  
Zombe Kapata Nalupya ◽  
Chikoti Mukuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Scarlet Runner Bean

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal pathogen of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) anthracnose, is highly variable. Therefore, understanding its race structure and identification of new sources of resistance is necessary for the development of varieties with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected from three major bean-growing regions in Zambia, and (ii) evaluate the CIAT Phaseolus core collection for resistance to C. lindemuthianum races 37, 73, and 566, and a blend of 20 races. Isolates collected from three major bean-growing districts in Zambia, namely Mporokoso, Mpika, and Mbala, were characterized as race 37, 73, and 566, respectively. A subset of the CIAT core collection comprised of 885 accessions of common bean, 13 accessions of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus), and 11 accessions of year bean (P. dumosus) were evaluated for resistance to races 37, 73 and 566, and a blend of 20 races in a greenhouse at University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 72%, 66%, 48% and 9% of P. vulgaris accessions evaluated were highly resistant to races 37, 73, 566 and a blend of 20 races, respectively. Also, accessions of P. coccineus and P. dumosus, highly resistant to races 37, 73 and 566, were identified. Only eight of the 331 P. vulgaris accessions were highly resistant to all three individual races (37, 73, and 566) and to a blend of 20 races. These eight accessions constitute a valuable breeding resource for developing varieties with durable resistance to C. lindemuthianum.

scholarly journals Improved Selection with Newly Identified RAPD Markers Linked to Resistance Gene to Four Pathotypes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Common Bean

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
Henrique Menarim ◽  
Geraldo Assis de Carvalho ◽  
Trazilbo José de Paula ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Coupling Phase ◽  
Repulsion Phase ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Two Populations

Three F2 populations derived from crosses between the resistant cultivar AB 136 and the susceptible cultivar Michelite (MiA), and one F2 population derived from a cross between AB 136 and Mexico 222 (MeA), were used to identify markers linked to anthracnose resistance genes present in cultivar AB 136. Primer OPZ04 produced a DNA band (OPZ04560) linked in coupling phase to the resistance gene for pathotype 89 (8.5 ± 0.025 cM) in one population derived from the cross MiA. In the same population, primer OPZ09 produced one band (OPZ09950) linked in repulsion phase (20.4 ± 0.014 cM) to the same resistance gene. The simultaneous use of markers in coupling and in repulsion phases allowed the identification of the three genotypic classes. In the other two populations from cross MiA, OPZ04560 was linked in coupling phase to resistance genes for pathotypes 73 (2.9 ± 0.012 cM) and 81 (2.8 ± 0.017 cM). In population MeA, OPZ04560 was linked in coupling phase (7.5 ± 0.033 cM) to resistance to pathotype 64. These data suggest that a single gene or complex locus of linked resistance genes present in cultivar AB 136 confers resistance to all four pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Major Genes Conditioning Resistance to Anthracnose in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kelly ◽  
Veronica A. Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

Resistance to anthracnose in common bean is conditioned primarily by nine major independent genes, Co-1 to Co-10 as the Co-3/Co-9 genes are allelic. With the exception of the recessive co-8 gene, all other nine are dominant genes and multiple alleles exist at the Co-1, Co-3 and Co-4 loci. A reverse of dominance at the Co-1 locus suggests that an order of dominance exists among individual alleles at this locus. The nine resistance genes Co-2 to Co-10 are Middle American in origin and Co-1 is the only locus from the Andean gene pool. Seven resistance loci have been mapped to the integrated bean linkage map and Co-1 resides on linkage group B1; Co-2 on B11, Co-3 on B4; Co-4 on B8; Co-6 on B7; and Co-9 and Co-10 are located on B4 but do not appear to be linked. Three Co-genes map to linkage groups B1, B4 and B11 where clusters with genes for rust resistance are located. In addition, there is co-localization with major resistance genes and QTL that condition partial resistance to anthracnose. Other QTL for resistance may provide putative map locations for the major resistance loci still to be mapped. Molecular markers linked to the majority of major Co-genes have been reported and these provide the opportunity to enhance disease resistance through marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. The 10 Co-genes are represented in the anthracnose differential cultivars, but are present as part of a multi-allelic series or in combination with other Co-genes, making the characterization of more complex races difficult. Although the Co-genes behave as major Mendelian factors, they most likely exist as resistance gene clusters as has been demonstrated on the molecular level at the Co-2 locus. Since the genes differ in their effectiveness in controlling the highly variable races of the anthracnose pathogen, the authors discuss the value of individual genes and alleles in resistance breeding and suggest the most effective gene pyramids to ensure long-term durable resistance to anthracnose in common bean.

scholarly journals Variabilidad patogénica de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum y resistencia en germoplasma de Phaseolus vulgaris L. de Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rodríguez-Ortega ◽  
Laura Vega-Jiménez ◽  
Ángel Rubén Murillo-Ilbay ◽  
Eduardo Peralta-Idrovo ◽  
Juan Carlos Rosas-Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Physiological Races ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most economically important diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation in Ecuador. The best control alternative is the use of resistant varieties. C. lindemuthianum presents great pathogenic variability, which hinders the development of varieties with a lasting resistance, therefore, the knowledge of the presence and distribution of the physiological races of the pathogen and the identification of resistance genes are key to developing varieties with broad and lasting resistance. The objective of this research was to determine the pathogenic variability of C. lindemuthianum and to evaluate the resistance of Ecuadorian bean germplasm. The research was carried out between 2013 and 2014. Seventeen isolates of C. lindemuthianum from northern central Ecuador were characterized by the inoculation of a group of twelve standard differential bean varieties. Among the analyzed samples, thirteen races were identified; five of those races had not been previously reported in the country. The differential G2333 (Co-42, Co-52 and Co-7) presented resistance to every characterized races in Ecuador. In addition, twenty - one improved varieties and elite bean lines were evaluated with sixteen of the seventeen isolates, three genotypes were identified (TB2, TB3 and INIAP 485 Urcuquí) with resistance to the mentioned isolates, which can be used as sources of resistance to Anthracnose. The identified sources of resistance in this study will allow to plan the development of bean varieties with broad and durable resistance to C. lindemuthianum.

scholarly journals Identification of a RAPD marker linked to the Co-6 anthracnose resistant gene in common bean cultivar AB 136

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
Henrique Menarim ◽  
José Mauro Chagas ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
Maurilio Alves Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Common Bean Cultivar

The pathogenic variability of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum represents an obstacle for the creation of resistant common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Gene pyramiding is an alternative strategy for the development of varieties with durable resistance. RAPD markers have been proposed as a means to facilitate pyramiding of resistance genes without the need for multiple inoculations of the pathogens. The main aims of this work were to define the inheritance pattern of resistance present in common bean cultivar AB 136 in segregating populations derived from crosses with cultivar Rudá (susceptible to most C. lindemuthianum races) and to identify RAPD markers linked to anthracnose resistance. The two progenitors, populations F1 and F2, F2:3 families and backcross-derived plants were inoculated with race 89 of C. lindemuthianum under environmentally controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicate that a single dominant gene, Co-6, controls common bean resistance to this race, giving a segregation ratio between resistant and susceptible plants of 3:1 in the F2, 1:0 in the backcrosses to AB 136 and 1:1 in the backcross to Rudá. The segregation ratio of F2:3 families derived from F2 resistant plants was 1:2 (homozygous to heterozygous resistant). Molecular marker analyses in the F2 population identified a DNA band of approximately 940 base pairs (OPAZ20(940)), linked in coupling phase at 7.1 cM of the Co-6 gene. This marker is being used in our backcross breeding program to develop Rudá-derived common bean cultivars resistant to anthracnose and adapted to central Brazil.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to Crinipellis perniciosa in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the Brazilian Amazon

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Rodrigues Lavigne de Mello Paim ◽  
Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz ◽  
José Luís Pires ◽  
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva ◽  
Jorge Teodoro de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Crinipellis Perniciosa ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Sources

The witches' broom disease caused by the fungus Crinipellis perniciosa is the main phytossanitary constraint for cacao production in Brazil. The integrated management of the disease involves resistance as one of the components. The breeding program conducted by the Brazilian Institution, CEPLAC is directed toward the pyramidation of resistance genes from different sources to achieve a more durable resistance. This study aimed to identify sources of resistance in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the basins of ten Amazonian rivers and compared to progenies from the Peruvian clones 'Scavina 6' and 'Sacavina 12'. Progenies from 40 Amazonian accessions and 'Scavina' were evaluated in the field for six years for witches' broom resistance through multivariate and repeated measurement analyses evaluating the effect of progeny, area, block, year, and their interactions. There were differences in the mean number of vegetative brooms on some Amazonian progenies and 'Scavina' descendants. There was an increase in the number of vegetative brooms in the last year for 'Scavina' progenies, but that was not observed for the Amazonian progenies 64, 66, 156, 194, 195, 269 and 274. There were different gene/alleles for resistance in the Amazonian progenies in comparison to the traditional 'Scavina' accessions. These new sources of resistance will be important for pyramiding resistance genes and consequently increasing the stability and durability of the resistance to witches' broom.

scholarly journals Race structure of cowpea witchweed (Striga gesnerioides) in West Africa and its implications for Striga resistance breeding of cowpea

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Ohlson ◽  
Michael P. Timko
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides

AbstractCowpea witchweed [Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke] is a primary constraint of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] production in West Africa. Previously, seven S. gesnerioides races were classified based upon host specificity and genotypic profiling. Because race number and distribution are dynamic systems influenced by gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection, a thorough investigation of S. gesnerioides diversity and the effectiveness of known sources of resistance in cowpea is needed to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum Striga resistance. In this study, we screened seven cowpea lines against 58 unique S. gesnerioides populations collected from across nine West African countries. Individuals from 10 S. gesnerioides populations were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We identified six races of S. gesnerioides based on their parasitism of the seven cowpea lines with known differential resistance genotypes. No cowpea line was resistant to all 58 Striga populations and none of the Striga populations were able to overcome the resistance of all seven lines. A novel race, SG6, of the parasite collected from Kudu, Nigeria, was found to overcome more cowpea resistance genes than any previously reported race. SSR analysis indicates that Striga populations are highly differentiated and genetic relatedness generally corresponds with geographic proximity rather than their host compatibility. Due to the dearth of broad-spectrum resistance found among Striga-resistant cowpea lines, there exists a need to stack multiple Striga resistance genes in order to confer broad-spectrum and durable resistance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by Using Differential Cultivars and Molecular Markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario González ◽  
Raul Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Elena Zavala ◽  
Juan L. Jacobo ◽  
Fernando Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Bean Anthracnose

Differential cultivars and molecular markers were used to analyze 59 isolates of the bean anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, from different regions of Mexico. Ten distinct races were determined, three of which had not been reported previously in Mexico. Isolates were found to infect only a narrow range of the differential cultivars used and were restricted to cultivars of Middle American origin. A comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses was carried out on a subset of the fungal isolates. Determination of genetic distances based on AFLP data and production of a dendrogram demonstrated two levels of association: i) isolates classified into two major groups according to the type of cultivar or system of cultivation from which they originated, and ii) isolates could be classified into smaller subgroups generally associated with the geographic location from which they were obtained. Bootstrap analysis and determination of confidence intervals showed these geographic groupings to be extremely robust.

Identification of coupling and repulsion phase RAPD markers for powdery mildew resistance gene er-1 in pea

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Tiwari ◽  
G A Penner ◽  
T D Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Repulsion Phase

Powdery mildew is a serious disease of pea caused by the obligate parasite Erysiphe pisi Syd. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient marker system. The objective of this study was to identify RAPD markers for powdery mildew resistance gene er-1. The resistant cultivar Highlight (carrying er-1) and the susceptible cultivar Radley were crossed, and F3 plants were screened with Operon (OP) and University of British Columbia (UBC) primers, using bulked segregant analysis. A total of 416 primers were screened, of which amplicons of three Operon primers, OPO-18, OPE-16, and OPL-6, were found to be linked to er-1. OPO-181200 was linked in coupling (trans to er-1) and no recombinants were found. OPE-161600 (4 ± 2 cM) and OPL-61900 (2 ± 2 cM) were linked in repulsion (cis to er-1). The fragments OPO-181200 and OPE-161600 were sequenced and specific primers designed. The specific primer pair Sc-OPO-181200 will be useful in identifying homozygous resistant individuals in F2 and subsequent segregating generations. Sc-OPE-161600 will have greatest utility in selecting heterozygous BC\dn6 nF1 individuals in backcross breeding programs.Key words: bulked segregant analysis,Erysiphe pisi, pea, RAPD.

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