Safety management and risk communication of genetically modified organisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinying Li ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Long Acting

With the rapid development of transgenic biotechnology, social economic benefits generated from it becomes more and more; however, the doubt on its safety never fades away. Whether transgenic technology is safe or not is always disputed. Different countries have released and established relevant genetically modified organisms safety management schemes and biotechnology risk communication mechanisms to ensure the long-acting, stable and healthy development of transgenic biotechnology. This study analyzed and compared the genetically modified organisms safety management schemes of United States and European Union and the biotechnology risk communication mechanisms of counties such as United States and Japan and then proposed some suggestions to perfect genetically modified organisms management regulations and risk communication long-acting mechanisms such as establishing sound laws and regulations, strengthening transgenic technology support, establishing information open monitoring platform and perfecting the risk communication function of relevant institutions, with the intention of ensuring the health and continuous development of transgenic organism industry. 

Analysis of Genetically Modified Food Induced International Trade Law Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Zhang ◽  
Yanan Chen ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Import And Export

The advantages of genetically modified food are gradually highlighted because of the rapid development of modern transgenic technology. The trade proportion of genetically modified food in international trade products is increasing. Till now, legal regulations concerning the international trade of genetically modified food are still contradictory and conflicting, and a series of initiated legal issues about the international trade of genetically modified food becomes more acute. As a great power of transgenic crops planting, China should fully learn from the trade disputes of genetically modified food, perfect laws such as the safety management, approval and identification of import and export, accelerate the development of transgenic technology, and strengthen the mutual benefit and collaboration of the developing countries, thus to gain a strong competitive position in international trade and maintain the fundamental interests of China better.

scholarly journals GMOs and Economic Development in Peru: A Myth or an Opportunity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Diego Baxerias ◽  
Carol Banda
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Potential Benefits

Peru has a 10-year ban on genetically modified (GM) crops and food that was approved by the Peruvian congress in 2011. Is it scientifically justified or is it a cause and effect fallacy that will make Peru fall behind in taking advantage of this technology and its potential benefits to everyone else in the economy? In order to answer this question, a literature review was carried out to examine the three most commonly used arguments against genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by farmers and all those related to the agriculture industry, reaching the conclusion that they are not one hundred percent plausible. Further research showed the multiple, potential economic benefits that GM seeds could bring about to Peru, which are related to increased labor productivity, the development of human capital, and the expansion of renewable energy sources and its implications for trade and employment – the environmental and health benefits of GMO varieties are also discussed. This paper elaborates on such matters by applying different macro and microeconomic concepts, i.e., market structures and competition, the theory of the firm, and scarcity, among others; and provides insights about the different socio-economic realities present in Peru and possible ways to improve them.

Research on Safety Hazard Control of Genetically Modified Organisms Based on Compensation Laws

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chensong Fei
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Hazard Control

In this paper, we firstly analyzed the categories and characteristics of safety hazards of genetically modified organisms. Then, we summarized and compared the laws on safety hazard compensation for genetically modified organisms in the United States, the European Union and China. Finally, suggestions were put forward to solve the existing problems in compensation laws in China so as to ensure the healthy and orderly development of China's genetically modified biological industry. 

Genetically Modified Organisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 508-530
Author(s):  
Anne Saab
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gm Foods ◽  
Product Regulation

This chapter examines comparative approaches to risk assessment and regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It first provides a brief background on the emergence, increased use, and controversy surrounding GMOs as well as the important legal questions and complexities they raise before discussing the legal approaches used to assess and regulate risks associated with GM foods, labelling of GM foods, and the application of intellectual property rights (IPRs) to GMOs. In particular, it considers risk assessment in the United States and in the European Union, focusing on the precautionary approach versus the permissive approach. It also compares process regulation and product regulation for regulating the risks posed by GMOs in the United States and the European Union, along with risk assessment and regulation in Brazil, China, and Costa Rica. Finally, it analyses the legal framework for IPRs as they apply to GMOs and comparative approaches to patenting GMOs.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Late Blight-Resistant Genetically Modified Potatoes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans De Steur ◽  
Ellen J. Van Loo ◽  
Jasmien Maes ◽  
Godelieve Gheysen ◽  
Wim Verbeke
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Gm Potato

The commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops remains highly contested in the European Union (EU). While research has mainly focused on public and consumer opinions, few studies have investigated farmers’ reactions towards such crops. This study aims to determine farmers’ willingness to adopt a late blight-resistant (LBR) GM potato cultivar (Bintje) in Flanders, Belgium (n = 384). The findings demonstrate that more than half (54.7%) of the farmers have the intention to adopt this GM potato if it becomes available. Farmers’ willingness to adopt is mainly influenced by ethical concerns about Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) (negative) and perceived economic benefits of LBR GM potatoes (positive). Knowledge about GM technology decreases the likelihood of being indifferent, as compared to being willing to adopt or being opposed. As such, efforts to improve knowledge alone would not be considered an effective strategy to improve adoption rates among farmers. Socio-economic concerns about GMOs, environmental benefit perceptions of LBR GM potatoes, and socio-demographic and farm variables were not significant as potential determinants of farmers’ likelihood to adopt this GM potato. Our findings lend support to a potentially favorable climate to introduce this GM potato in Flanders, Belgium, an EU region where opt-out measures to restrict cultivation of approved GM crops were not taken.

A Framework for Thawing Value Conflicts in the GMO Debate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Noll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Two Barriers

This chapter explores the ethical dimensions of one of the most contentious applications of agricultural biotechnology: the genetic modification of food products. While the development of genetically modified breeds and seeds has many advantages, the public has consistently expressed worries concerning the adoption of genetically modified organisms. The first section of this chapter uses the AquAdvantage salmon debate in the United States to highlight the most common concerns discussed in current labeling debates, from the potential for environmental harm to health impacts. This analysis illustrates how the polarization of the public debate stems from normative conflicts, rather than a lack of empirical research. Two barriers to achieving consensus concerning genetic modification are identified, before the chapter ends with the introduction of the “GMO Value Framework,” a reflexive approach designed to help cultivate fruitful value-focused discussions concerning current and future bioengineering applications.

Organisms, Modified, Genetically

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Allchin
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Guardian

GMOs. Genetically modified organisms. They conjure the specter of “Frankenfoods.” Monstrous creations reflecting human hubris. Violations of nature. And their very unnaturalness alone seems reason to reject the whole technology. But one may challenge this sacred bovine: the common image that GMOs cross some new threshold, dramatically changing how humans relate to nature. Or even that such a view can properly inform how we assess the value or risks of GMOs. Rather, biologically, GMOs are modest variants. As I will elaborate, “conventional” corn is probably more deeply shaped by human intervention than any addition of, say, a single Bt gene for a pesticide-resistant protein. Many crops promoted as “natural” alternatives are themselves dramatically modified genetically, like the cats and dogs we enjoy as pets. And this perspective—the context of GMOs—should inform views on policy. Without resolving the question of ultimate risks, we should at least recognize and dismiss as irrelevant the claim that GMOs are “unnatural.” While criticisms of GMOs vary, one recurrent theme is the assertion—or the implicit assumption—that they are inherently unnatural. For example, one high school student commented in a class discussion on genetically modified salmon, “Even though it definitely has many economic benefits, I think that shaping the way in which other organisms grow and live is not something that we as humans should be taking into our own hands.” As rendered recently for young readers, a cartoon princess of the Guardian Princess Alliance scolds a grower of GMOs: “These fruits and vegetables are not natural.” Many seem to believe that for humans to alter something living is to thereby taint it. Organisms should remain “pure.” Nature seems to exhibit its own self-justified purpose, not to be disrupted. What does this mean for all the other ways that humans modify organisms from their “natural” state? For example, we adorn our skin with tattoos and pierce various body parts. In certain cultures, at certain times, we have bound feet and elongated skulls.

scholarly journals Consequences of Biotechnology Policy for Competitiveness and Trade of Southern U.S. Agriculture

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Jolly ◽  
Kenrett Y. Jefferson-Moore ◽  
Greg Traxler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Genetically Modified Cotton ◽  
Biotechnology Crops

The effect of policy decisions on the competitiveness of genetically modified (GM) crops was examined. The United States has been an early innovator in the development and use of biotechnology crops and has expanded its export market share of the three major GM crops: soybeans, cotton, and corn. Cotton, soybeans, and corn are all grown in the southern states, but these states have an apparent comparative advantage only in the production of cotton, which may be strengthened with the adoption of genetically modified cotton. The influence of biotechnology on the competitiveness of soybeans and corn for the southern states through the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is not clear but is probably negligible.

Method: Entrepreneurial Innovation, Health, Environment, and Sustainable Business Design

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrea Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Household Products ◽  
Business Design

With Method standing at number seven on Inc. magazine's list of the 500 fastest-growing companies in 2006, cofounder Adam Lowry is searching for a biodegradable cleaning cloth to expand Method's line of “green” household products. Sustainable design principles have been a guiding force in Method's strategy, and being biofriendly is critical. So is sourcing in the United States. But only China can manufacture the corn-based cloth Lowry has in mind, and there is no way to certify that the product is free of genetically modified organisms. Lowry has to balance his firm's fundamental commitment to environmental sustainability against the fact that some retailers refuse to carry products containing GMOs.

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