scholarly journals Epidemiological Studies in Leprosy in Gudiyatham Taluk II. Patterns of Familial Aggregation of Leprosy in an Endemic Area

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. S. RAO ◽  
A. B. A. KARAT ◽  
S. KARAT
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

scholarly journals Dirofilaria immitis infestation in imported police (K-9) dogs in Iraq:

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. e152987
Author(s):  
Karima Akool Al-Salihi ◽  
Ahmed Hameed Al-Dabhawi ◽  
Hayder M. Al-Rammahi ◽  
Fatima Atiya Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Police Dogs

Dirofilaria immitis, the cause of heartworm infestation (HWI) or dirofilariasis, affects members of the Canidae and remains a worldwide clinical problem. In Iraq, dirofilariasis was believed absent until 2009, when the Karbala Governorate was reported as an endemic area for canine dirofilariasis. Consequently, this study intended to investigate the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in police dogs in one police academy in Iraq and to study the gross and histopathological changes in 5 dead dogs, as well as to identify the species of the causative parasite using PCR technique. Thirty-nine police dogs, aged between 6 months and 12 years were included in this study. For the microfilariae investigation, 5 ml blood samples were collected from all dogs in EDTA tubes and examined by Knott’s method. The systemic necropsy performed in five dead dogs showed severe clinical signs of dirofilariasis and tissue specimens were sent for routine histopathological processing. For the molecular analysis, adult worms of the detected Dirofilaria spp. were used for DNA extraction andamplification of the cox1 gene. Fifteen of 39 (38.46%) dogs were diagnosed with moderate to severe microfilariasis. The dead dogs revealed typical severe clinical signs of dirofilariasis. Moreover, typical gross and histopathological changes were also seen, accompanied by generalized thromboembolic lesions, suggesting the occurrence of the caval syndrome. The PCR investigation confirmed that D. immitis was the species present in Iraq. In conclusion, this study establishes that Iraq is a newly reported endemic area for dirofilariasis. Moreover, the infestation occurring in these cases most probably happened inside Iraq. The authors recommend doing further epidemiological studies concerning the occurrence of D. immitis in local dogs as well as in the imported dogs in all Iraqi governorates to better understand the epidemiological map of this disease and to introduce an active treatment and preventive program. Awareness and education regarding this disease should be provided to the veterinarians, dog guiders and people in direct contact with dogs, as this disease is one of the important zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Physiological age in Lutzomyia youngi (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations from an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis, Venezuela

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
José V. Scorza ◽  
Milagros Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

Batches of sylvatic females of Lutzomyia youngi (Phlebotominae) captured in a Shannon trap on twelve occasions over one year in a locality where subcutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic, near the city of Trujillo, Venezuela, were used to study: 1) the percentages of parous females according to previously established criteria and 2) the average number of eggs laid spontaneously by isolated females during 7 days after feeding on hamsters. The data on the batches of females captured on nights previous to the rainy period (prepluvial) were compared with those on females captured after the rains (postpluvial) . Significant differences were detected by variation analysis for two variables and different number of N, as also were consistent groupings by Duncan's Test for pre-and postpluvial lots of females. The females captured on nights prior to the rainy periods (January-March and August-September) presented higher rates of nulliparity (86-72%) and contained or laid a greater number of eggs (71-67) than those captured after the rains (March-June and November-December) which presented lower rates of nulliparity (60-24%) and a smaller number of eggs (50-30). The rainfall peaks occurred in April and September-October, respectively. It is considered that these differences can be used by epidemiological studies as a means of estimating the physiological age of female populations of L. youngy.

Field epidemiological studies on malaria in a low endemic area in the Philippines

Acta Tropica ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Y Belizario ◽  
A Saul ◽  
M.D.G Bustos ◽  
M.A Lansang ◽  
C.J Pasay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Serological survey of Rickettsia sp. in horses and dogs in an non-endemic area in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gonçalves Batista ◽  
Daniella Matos da Silva ◽  
Kerriel Thandile Green ◽  
Louise Boulsfield de Lorenzi Tezza ◽  
Sâmara Pereira de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever

Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is a lethal rickettsiosis in humans caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii, and is endemic in some areas of Brazil. Horses and dogs are part of the disease's life cycle and they may also serve as sentinel animals in epidemiological studies. The first human BSF case in the State of Paraná was reported in 2005. The present study was conducted in the municipality of Almirante Tamandaré, where no previous case of BSF was reported. Serum samples were collected from 71 horses and 20 dogs from nine properties in the area. Ticks were also collected from these animals. All farmers completed a questionnaire about their knowledge of BSF and animal health management. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay (IFA) using R. rickettsii and R. parkeri as antigens. Ticks were analyzed by PCR for Rickettsia sp., and all of them were PCR-negative. Six horses (8.45%) and 4 dogs (20%) were identified as seropositive. Farmers were not aware of the correlation between the presence of ticks and risk of BSF. Although a non-endemic area, Almirante Tamandaré is a vulnerable environment for BSF and effective tick control measures are required.

Suicidal Behavior in German Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Straub ◽  
Ferdinand Keller ◽  
Nina Sproeber ◽  
Michael G. Koelch ◽  
Paul L. Plener
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sum Scores

Objective: Research in adults has identified an association between bipolar disorder and suicidal behavior. This relationship, however, has been insufficiently investigated in adolescents to date. Methods: 1,117 adolescents from 13 German schools (mean age = 14.83, SD = .63; 52.7% females) completed an extended German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), which assesses depressive and manic symptoms during the last week, as well as the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (SHBQ) for the assessment of lifetime suicidal behavior. Results: In the present sample 39.4% of the girls and 23.1% of the boys reported lifetime suicidal thoughts and 7.1% of the girls as well as 3.9% of the boys a lifetime history of suicide attempts. 18.7% of the adolescent sample revealed elevated symptoms of depression and 9% elevated levels of mania symptoms. Elevated sum scores of depression and mania were associated with a higher number of suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. A block-wise regression analysis revealed that sum scores of depression and mania predicted suicidal ideations best. Concerning suicide attempts, the best predictors were age as well as depression and mania sum scores. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior was reported more often when adolescents demonstrate symptoms of mania as well as symptoms of depression than when they demonstrate only depressive symptoms. The presence of bipolar symptoms in adolescents should alert clinicians to the heightened possibility of suicidal behavior.

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