Psychological Dynamics In The Changing Of Bullying Victims Into Bullies At Student In Islamic Boarding School

Bullying case was one of the problems conducted in school that became an international concern. Bullying occurrence in school was not limited to regular school but also in boarding school, particularly in islamic boarding school; thus, this phenomenon had a higher chance to occur in boarding school due to seniority. It was also found that the bullies were previously had the experiences as the victims. According to this phenomenon, a qualitative study was held to formulate the substantial theory about the psychological dynamics of the victim becoming bullies, particularly in islamic boarding school context. This study conducted the systematic grounded theory. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and observations toward nine main participants, and some supported participants and analyzed with constant comparative technique. The finding of this study was The Dynamic of Bullying: The Victims Become Bullies, which contained six phases: 1) Become the victims, 2) Aggrieved phase, 3) Frustration phase, 4) Maladaptive coping phase, 5) Trial phase, 6) Become the bullies. This dynamic explained the psychological dynamics in the victims who become bullies. Some interesting findings found in the fourth phase, the maladaptive coping phase, in which the victims decide whether to be adaptive or maladaptive to bullying activity. The alternate in the adaptation phase indicated that the shifting role of victims to bullies could be prevented. Psychological support programs, both preventive and curative way, could be beneficial to prevent the possibility of the victim becoming bullies. The preventive program could prevent the victims from becoming bullies, and the curative program could help the victim heal the trauma of bullying.

Feasibility of a serious game coupled with a contact-based session led by lived experience workers for depression prevention in high-school students

Background Stigma and limited mental health literacy impede adolescents getting the help they need for depressive symptoms. A serious game coupled with a classroom session led by lived experience workers (LEWs) might help to overcome these barriers. The school-based Strong Teens and Resilient Minds (STORM) preventive program employed this strategy and offered a serious game, Moving Stories. The current study was carried out to assess inhibiting and promoting factors for scaling up Moving Stories once its effectiveness has been ascertained. Methods Moving Stories was offered in three steps: (1) introductory classroom session, (2) students playing the game for five days, (3) debriefing classroom session led by lived experience worker. Data was collected on the number of participating students, costs of offering Moving Stories, and was further based on the notes of the debriefing sessions to check if mental health first aid (MHFA) strategies were addressed. Results Moving Stories was offered in seven high-schools. Coverage was moderate with 982 participating students out of 1880 (52%). Most participating students (83%) played the Moving Stories app three out of the five days. Qualitative data showed that the MHFAs were discussed in all debriefing sessions. Students showed great interest in lived experience workers’ stories and shared their own experiences with depression. Conclusions Bringing Moving Stories to scale in the high-school setting appears feasible, but will remain logistically somewhat challenging. Future implementation and scale-up of Moving Stories could benefit from improved selection and training of LEWs that played such an important role in grabbing the full attention of students and were able to launch frank discussions about depressive disorder and stigma in classrooms. Trial registration The study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register: Trial NL6444 (NTR6622: https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6444).

The impact of structured awareness programme on effects of alcoholism among the adolescence of Mizoram

Alcoholism is now becoming a major problem of all the nations. Approximately 2.5 million die each year from the harmful use of alcohol accounting for about 4 % of all deaths in the world. Because of these problems created by alcoholism, the study was conducted with the aim to create awareness on effects of alcoholism among adolescence students of higher secondary students of Mizoram as a preventive program.An evaluative research approach was adopted with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample comprised of 100 students selected by using lottery method from three higher secondary schools in Aizawl, Mizoram. The tool was developed and reliability of the tool was established by Pearson’s covariance co-efficient i.e. 0.87. The teaching programme was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge of students as evidenced by‘t’ (99) = 27.13, p < 0.05. The study also reports that there was significant association between pre-test knowledge score with mother’s education as evident from p = 0.020 at 0.05 level of significance, but no significant association between pre-test knowledge score and other selected demographic variables were found.: The planned awareness programme was an effective method to increase the knowledge of the students. Mother’s education played an important role in educating their children towards effects of alcoholism. The study can be implicated in practical nursing field for health promotion and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol related disorders.

Emergence of Dirofilaria repens (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) in dogs in Eastern Thailand

Background and Aim: Dirofilaria repens is a zoonotic vector-borne parasite of dogs and cats. It is not commonly found in every part of Thailand, except the southern part. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of this parasite in Eastern Thailand in 2019. Materials and Methods: A total of 8003 blood samples were collected from private veterinary clinics and animal hospitals in Eastern Thailand. Blood parasites were examined using buffy coat thin blood smears with Wright-Giemsa staining. D. repens was morphologically identified and confirmed using the acid phosphatase activity technique. Results: The first case of D. repens was found in March 2019. The prevalence of D. repens from January to December 2019 was 0.44% (35/8003) (95% confidence interval 0.30-0.61). Conclusion: The prevalence data of D. repens in Eastern Thailand indicate that this parasitic infection should be considered as a zoonotic vector-borne disease. A strategic plan to control zoonotic transmission alongside a preventive program should be emphasized and encouraged among pet owners and veterinarians.

Personal Goals as Moderators of a Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in College Students

The objective of this pilot study was to assess the effects of the indicated level of a multilevel preventive program on depressive symptoms and to examine personal goals appraisal as a moderating factor among college students aged between 16 and 29 years old with depressive symptoms. Students were screened for anxious and depressive symptoms in the beginning of their semester. Those who scored higher than the cut-off score were invited to be part of the intervention group. A comparison group was formed with students who did not wish to participate with the intervention group. Thirty-six students were included in the analyses. Both groups completed pre-test, post-test, and follow-up questionnaires. Results indicated a reduction in depressive symptoms at post-test and these gains were maintained three months later. Students in the intervention group with a more positive appraisal of their academic and career goals showed fewer depressive symptoms than students in the intervention group with a less positive appraisal of these goals. Limitations and implications for further implementation are discussed.

Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma Gondii by Serological and Molecular Analyzes in Different Sheep and Goat Tissues in Northeastern Iran

Background: Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease caused by compilation protozoan agent Toxoplasma gondiithat led to significant financial and quality-adjusted life-year losses. Consumption of undercooked or raw meat has been regarded as a major route of transmission. The present study was conducted to determine the seroposevitity rate of T.gondii in sheep and goats by serological and molecular tests and also genotyping of obtained isolatesin northeast of Iran.Methods: Blood and tissue samples (diaphragm, heart) of 296 animals (including 168 sheep and 128 goats) were collected from slaughterhouse in Quechan city from august 2016 to April 2017. Serum samples examined by the Modified agglutination test (MAT) and the Nested-PCR method performed to amplify the fragment of the B1 gene to detect parasite DNA on diaphragm and heart tissues of seropositive animals. PCR-RFLP method of GRA6 gene was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii. Also, sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the Toxoplasma type strains. Results: Serum positive for MAT results were found in 27.4% (46/168) of Sheep and23.4% (30/128) of goats. Positive Nested-PCR of B1 gene results in diaphragm and heart tissues of sheep and goats was 47.8% (22/46) and 26.1% (12/46), 40% (12/30) and 23.3% (7/30), respectively. Nested-PCR of GRA6 gene results were positive in 10 samples (7 sheep and 3 goats) that RFLP technique results with using MseІ enzyme revealed genotype І. Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis revealed DNA of all samples were closely related to Toxoplasma type І.Conclusions: Concerning to highseropositivityrate of toxoplasmosis in studied region, undertaking an appropriate preventive program for reducing the prevalence of T. gondii infection by raw or undercooked meat consumption of livestock recommended. Our study supports the notion that consumption of raw and undercooked meat of these animals can be a probable source of human toxoplasmosis.

The effect of an online individualized program to prevent nurse burnout – a mixed method study

PurposePreventing burnout and promoting psychological well-being in nurses are of great importance. In this study the effect of an online, stand-alone individualized preventive program for nurse burnout based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is described and explained.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method study with an explanatory sequential design was applied. Quantitative data were collected from September 2015 to March 2016 during an intervention study with a pretest-posttest wait-list control group design within a population of hospital nurses in the Dutch speaking part of Belgium. Consecutively, 13 nurses from the intervention group who fully completed the program were interviewed.FindingsAll interviewed participants experienced some sort of effect due to working with the program. Emotional exhaustion remained stable in the intervention group and increased in the control group. However, this difference was not significant. Personal accomplishment decreased significantly within the intervention group when compared to the control group. This might be explained by the self-awareness that was created through the program, which confronted participants with their weaknesses and problems.Originality/valueThis study adds to the understanding of online individual burnout prevention. The results suggest the feasibility of an online program to prevent nurse burnout. This could be optimized by complementing it with organizational interventions, introducing refresher courses, reminders and follow-up. Furthermore, additional attention should be devoted to preparing the implementation in order to minimize attrition rates.

Perceptions of Traumatic Brain Injury among Preventive Medicine Program Residents in Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a recognized public health problem with the increasing burden of disability and death occurring globally. We wanted to assess the perceptions about traumatic brain injury and also find its overall awareness among preventive medicine residents. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved preventive medicine program residents of Aseer region. Participants were recruited from Oct 1 2019, to Sept 30 2019. After giving a brief explanation and taking voluntary consent, a 40 item self-reported questionnaire was administered to the participants. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS windows version 16.0 software. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) were performed for the patient's age and overall awareness level. Three points Likert scale was used to assess the effects of brain injury, causes and preventive measures as reported by program residents. RESULTS The majority of respondents were less than thirty years of age (64.7 %) and residing in the R1 level (67.6 %). The number of male respondents was more than three times compared to female respondents. The majority of respondents had good awareness about preventive measures of brain injury (97.1 %) and causes of brain injury (67.6 %). A higher proportion of respondents were having poor awareness about the effect of brain injury (79.4 %). Overall awareness level regarding brain injury was observed to be 58.8 % among the residents. CONCLUSIONS This study projects the need to strengthen the awareness about TBIs in the preventive program residents. This will provide valuable feedback to the policymakers and the national prevention program managers. KEY WORDS Traumatic Brain Injury, Residents, Preventive Medicine Program

HEALTH PROBLEMS OF BASKETBALL REFEREES:A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball referees are the authorities responsible for ensuring that rules and regulations are followed and for making decisions. The ability of referees to respond to the physical and physiological demands imposed during the game is essential for good performance on the court. Objective: To understand the context in which health problems faced by basketball referees occur and to outline the epidemiological profile of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in which basketball referees were evaluated using a standardized form. The participants were monitored online weekly for 12 weeks using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire to assess health problems, such as diseases (affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive or neurological systems) or musculoskeletal injuries (acute or from overuse). Results: The study sample consisted of 78 referees with a mean age of 36.5 (±9.8) years. Most referees (97.4%) found it important to implement a preventive program. In relation to the health problems reported during follow-up, there was an incidence rate of 23.7 injuries per 1000 hours of play (95% CI 19.5 - 27.9) and the mean weekly prevalence of diseases was 3.2 (95% CI 0.4 – 6.0) and of injuries was 17.4 (95% CI 16.5 – 18.3). Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to conclude that there was an incidence rate of 23.7 injuries per 1000 hours of play (95% CI 19.5 - 27.9) and a mean prevalence of diseases of 3.2 (95% CI 0.4 - 6.0) and musculoskeletal injuries of 17.4 (95% CI 16.5 - 18.3). The most common health problems that affected basketball referees were musculoskeletal overuse injuries of the lower limbs. Level of evidence I; Prospective cohort study .