scholarly journals Basic characteristics of tontine insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-284
Author(s):  
Vladimir Čolović
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Insurance Group ◽  
Mutual Insurance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Tontine insurance is tied to life insurance. This type of insurance is also a type of mutual insurance. However, we must look at tontines separately, having in mind its origin and goal. Tontine insurance originated in the 17th century and was developed in England and the United States, until the beginning of the 20th century, when it became banned. Tontine insurance at an early stage contained elements of group annuity insurance, group life insurance and lottery. Today, tontine insurance is a type of fund within which policyholders, i.e., members, agree to jointly capitalize, i.e., finance their contributions to the fund and to divide the capitalized assets between those policyholders who reach a certain age and the heirs of the deceased insured. The Act on Insurance of the Republic of Serbia also regulates tontine insurance. The author pays attention to the provisions of EU law in this area.

scholarly journals Group Life Insurance in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (627) ◽  
pp. 627_63-627_83
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Life

scholarly journals Costs of Early Stage Alzheimer’s Disease in the United States: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study (GERAS-US)1

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Robinson ◽  
Dorene M. Rentz ◽  
Jeffrey Scott Andrews ◽  
Anthony Zagar ◽  
Yongin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Identification of Vulnerable Populations and Areas at Higher Risk of COVID-19-Related Mortality during the Early Stage of the Epidemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4021
Author(s):  
Esteban Correa-Agudelo ◽  
Tesfaye B. Mersha ◽  
Adam J. Branscum ◽  
Neil J. MacKinnon ◽  
Diego F. Cuadros
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Average ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
White Population ◽  
Latino Population ◽  
Related Mortality

We characterized vulnerable populations located in areas at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality and low critical healthcare capacity during the early stage of the epidemic in the United States. We analyze data obtained from a Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 database to assess the county-level spatial variation of COVID-19-related mortality risk during the early stage of the epidemic in relation to health determinants and health infrastructure. Overall, we identified highly populated and polluted areas, regional air hub areas, race minorities (non-white population), and Hispanic or Latino population with an increased risk of COVID-19-related death during the first phase of the epidemic. The 10 highest COVID-19 mortality risk areas in highly populated counties had on average a lower proportion of white population (48.0%) and higher proportions of black population (18.7%) and other races (33.3%) compared to the national averages of 83.0%, 9.1%, and 7.9%, respectively. The Hispanic and Latino population proportion was higher in these 10 counties (29.3%, compared to the national average of 9.3%). Counties with major air hubs had a 31% increase in mortality risk compared to counties with no airport connectivity. Sixty-eight percent of the counties with high COVID-19-related mortality risk also had lower critical care capacity than the national average. The disparity in health and environmental risk factors might have exacerbated the COVID-19-related mortality risk in vulnerable groups during the early stage of the epidemic.

Negotiating the Cold War: The United States and the Two Koreas

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Steven Hugh Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Agreed Framework ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractSince December 1997, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of Korea (ROK), and the United States have met in a series of talks aimed at promoting peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and in the region. According to a November 1998 U.S. Department of Defense report, the discussions have created a “diplomatic venue for reducing tensions and ultimately replacing the Armistice Agreement with a permanent peace settlement.”1 Amidst the tragic human suffering which has occurred in North Korea, there have been some encouraging developments on the peninsula. The 1994 Agreed Framework between the United States and North Korea placed international controls on North Korea’s atomic energy program and cautiously anticipated the normalization of U.S.-DPRK relations. Since assuming power in early 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has vigorously pursued a policy of engagement with P’yo¨ngyang, known as the “sunshine policy.” Over the past decade, North Korea has also reoriented its foreign policy. In the early 1990s, the regime’s social and economic crisis led to a rethinking of its autarkic economic system. By early 1994, the state had created new free trade zones and relatively open foreign investment laws.2 By complying with the Agreed Framework, the DPRK has also shown a willingness to work with the international community on sensitive issues affecting its internal sovereignty and ability to project power beyond its borders.

Juárez, Maximilian, and the French Occupation of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hogan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Benito Juarez

A tumultuous period in Mexican history began with the Reform Movement of President Benito Juárez, followed by the French invasion and installation of Maximillian as emperor, the defeat of his troops by the liberal army, and the restoration of the Mexican Republic in 1877. Although most of the basic facts of these events are not in dispute, the narrowness of the lens used to examine them is. Some data have been systematically ignored by national historians, and there are also contradictory interpretations of the published historical data. One common reflection on this period is the depiction of Maximilian as liberal whom some argue contributed in a positive way to Mexico. However, some Mexican scholars dispute this. The other widely held belief is that Benito Juárez can be credited with the restoration of the republic and the betterment of the working poor and indigenous. Although criticism of Juárez is uncommon in official circles, where he is idolized, some Mexican scholars are more skeptical of these claims. The missing or generally ignored data concern the contribution of the United States to the defeat of the French and Austrian armies, which is not mentioned in any survey texts and is minimized in most articles. The fuller inclusion of these data coupled with a closer look at the contributions and failures of both the Maximilian and Juárez regimes provides a clearer picture of the epoch and generates new insights.

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