scholarly journals The process of weakening of nation-state in the era of NEO-liberalism and the crisis of democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stamenova

The article aims to show that as a result of globalization and NEO-liberal form of governance and ideology, the state was weakened through a complex system of economic, financial, technological and social relations on a global scale. The withdrawal of the state from regulative functions on its territory is a refusal of the state for ideological mobilization of its populace based on nationalism and national identity. During the decline of national identity, the national state moves its role from imposing of cultural and national homogeneity, a characteristic of the earlier stage of nation-state building, to supporting cultural diversity. Crisis of democracy and emergence of post-democracy are considered and the question about possibility of having democracy beyond the nation-state borders.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Case

AbstractDiscontent simmers within social science over states and nation-states as units of analysis. Disputes over what even constitutes a state, whether simply an organizational apparatus, albeit with unique legitimacy, or a broader complex of social relations, have never been resolved. But it is not just its murky delineation with which the state is afflicted. It has lately come under attack from above and below, with causality seen to be draining away to transnational and sub-national forces. This paper begins by rehearsing the economic and social vectors along which assaults on the state and the nation-state are conveyed. It then turns to Southeast Asia, a part of the developing world in which the state would seem especially vulnerable, its powers having been usurped by transnational firms and corroded internally by connected rent-seekers and provincial “men of prowess.” However, this paper tries also to show that in Southeast Asia, national states and territorial borders have remained quite intact. Neither globalized markets, regional formations, local identity construction, administrative decentralization or migration have shaken the standing of the state and the nation-state as appropriate units of analysis. This is especially the case when addressing major questions about regime types and change in the region.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Firdaus el Hadi ◽  
Md Azalanshah Md Syed ◽  
Hamedi Mohd Adnan

This qualitative study examines political ideology mainly on Pancasila and its association in the development of Indonesian films. Like other countries, Indonesia has undergone a change of political system from time to time. Indonesian Ideology and its political system evolved in three phases: Orde Lama (the old order), Orde Baru (the new order) and Orde Reformasi (the reformed order) that directly or indirectly form the narrative and plot of popular Indonesian films. As a policy of the nation-state, pancasila that emerged during the era of Orde Lama is influential not only to enlight the creation of national identity but to form popular views in various contexts including filmmaking. Thus, this study will analyse the importance of Pancasila as a major element in the making of popular Indonesian films and various challenges to maintain its role as important ideology for establishing the national identity of the state.


Author(s):  
Iryna Sofinska

In this article, I research on few fundamental issues regarding naming. All Nordic states (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Finland, and Sweden) apply the traditional name repertoire. Also, they create a catalog of names which is recommended for usage by the competent public authorities during the state registration of the person's birth. Both issues are supposed not to be an obstacle for citizens of the Nordic states to realize/enjoy the right to a name, prescribed in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). It is declared in article 7(1) that "the child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality...".  It is the first step to recognize every newborn as an individual, a human being with rights, duties, and privileges. Without them, children remain invisible both on the national and international levels, and they can not identify with society and the state. On the contrary, these issues are fixed at the legislative level, demonstrate a part of the national identity of citizens, while taking into account current trends in the transformation of value perception of the name. Everybody must know himself/herself and how he/she fits into the world, state, community. Everybody must know who he/she is and to whom,  what and why they belong, or what they are a part of. For these essential reasons, having a name and nationality are fundamental human rights acquired by everybody after birth. When both rights are honored, children can know themselves and identify with their state of birth/origin. Parents, communities, and the state via government and other relevant public bodies should work for and support human rights for every child,  provide ethnic and national knowledge and roots for them. Parents name their children and help them to acquire a pure sense of belonging to the family, nation, state, and world. Through this kind of belonging, children become members of the community, society, and country via identification. Every citizen born in-country or extra-territory is responsible for the correct application of all-important rules determined by every state. Also, everyone who was born in one country and acquired name and nationality due to its rules and conditions should respect those of a host country while migrating. It is up to every country to formulate on the national level, its own indicators of identity regarding values, traditions, history, and culture. They draft a name catalog to preserve national identity from the erosion; they form it by names which are traditional for the particular nation-state. They adopt such a list of names (allowed or prohibited) by the legislature as an annex to the law/code. They implement rules, conditions, and the exact procedure to register the desired name or to reject it. All Nordic countries have some shared vision on name's application: a name should be written following the ordinary rules of state (official) language orthography, it must not be foreign to the naming tradition of a particular country; it must indicate gender (not unisex or used by another sex bearer); it cannot be a surname except a patronymic as last given name; it shall not be approved if it can cause offense or can be supposed to cause discomfort for the one using it, etc. The same naming practice should be adopted and used in Ukraine.


1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kalvoda

After its establishment in 1918–1919, Czechoslovakia was a multinational state and some of its minorities protested against their being included into it. The nationality problem was related to the collapse of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1938 and the loss of some of its territories to Germany, Poland, and Hungary. It may be pointed out that the 1920 Constitution did not recognize a separate Slovak national identity and that the Czechs and Slovaks were termed “Czechoslovaks.” The post-Munich Second Republic recognized a separate Slovak nationality; however, the state came to its end in March 1939. In 1945, after its reestablishment as a national state of the Czechs and Slovaks, the country's government attempted to liquidate the national minorities' problem in a drastic manner by transfer (expulsion) of Germans and Hungarians.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-95
Author(s):  
Hannah Klapprodt

This project investigates the rise of the Yemeni insurgent group, AnsarAllah (commonly known as the Huthis), from its conception in the summer camps of the Zaidi Believing Youth movement to its successful rebellion against the internationally-backed Yemeni government in September 2014. The Huthi movement gained a large following by protesting government corruption, injustice, and Saudi and American activity in Yemen. A constructivist analysis of these grievances reveals flaws in the Yemeni nation-state building process as nationalist narratives were created in opposition to Zaidism—the second most practiced branch of Islam in Yemen and a defining element of Huthi identity. Under the guise of “transitional democracy,” the Yemeni state developed as a pluralist authoritarian regime that marginalized Zaidi communities. Anti-Zaidi discourse created exclusionary categories of Yemeni identity, which were intensified by a series of hostile interactions between the state and Huthi leaders. In 2004, the state rationalized violence against the Huthis by framing them as a “national security threat” and an Iranian proxy. These discourses mobilized additional domestic and international actors against the Huthis and catalyzed a series of complex conflicts that eventually culminated in the current civil war. Overall, the Huthis’ journey from summer camps to militancy was driven by marginalization in the new Yemeni nation-state, perceived threats from Saudi Arabia and the United States, and the explosion of state violence against their dissidence.


Author(s):  
Hamid Ahmadi

While it is true that Iran is composed of various religious-linguistic minority groups, making ethnicity an issue worth studying, Iran has specific features that differentiate it from other societies that have more recent experience in political heritage and the nation-state-building process. Bearing the characteristics of ancient nations, as some theorists of ethnicity and nationalism have elaborated, Iran represents a specific historical case in which the saliency of nationalism and an Iranian national identity is more remarkable than that of ethnicity and ethnic nationalism. The present study of Iranian Azeris and Iran-Azerbaijan Republic relations can shed more light on this fact. This chapter argues that Iranian Azeris have produced the most enduring and systematic response to the Azerbaijan Republic’s pan-Turkist irredentist and ethnic nationalist claims.


Elements ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Thibodeau

Observers note that instances of ethnic conflict serve as an obvious manifestation of tension between the idea of the nation and the structure of the modern state. The current global rash of allegedly unique ethnic disputes merits a serious assessment of its place within the decline of the nation-state. Along with the notion that the nation-state is in decline, scholars have asserted the presence of another global trend in the use of federalist approaches to nation-building and conflict management. After exploring the possibilities of a relationship beween ethnic conflict and possible solutions in federal theory, this essay grounds these conjectures in an analysis of the Nigerian state. While issues have certainly complicated the path to the success of the federal state in Nigeria, the state should be viewed as generally successful in achieving its end of survival amidst threatening conflict.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Oleksii Khovpun ◽  

The article is devoted to the definition of the main tendencies of transformation of legal relations regarding state registration of medicines in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the pharmacy sphere combines many legal relations governed by the rules of various branches of law – administrative, labor, criminal, international, financial and economic, forming a complex system of pharmaceutical legislation. The factors that form vectors of development of legal relations regarding the state registration of medicines in Ukraine are outlined. The latter are related to the European integration of Ukraine and the simplification of international communication in the field of pharmacy in connection with overcoming COVID-19. Legislative innovations on the registration of medicines in Ukraine are highlighted, in particular, deregulation and simplification of the procedure of state registration of medicines, which are the main priorities of changes and additions to the legislation. Prospects for improving the state registration of medicines in Ukraine have been identified, where the key should be the fight against corruption in the pharmaceutical sector and falsification of medicines. It is emphasized that the relations are not improved, but the legislation is improved, which causes further changes in such relations. Accordingly, amendments to existing legislation are aimed at improving legal regulation, which leads to the transformation of social relations, makes them more orderly and modern. It is concluded that the main trends in the transformation of legal relations regarding state registration of medicines in Ukraine are: liberalization, unification, adaptability, innovation and inductance.


2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco Tárrega ◽  
Daniel Diniz Gonçalves

RESUMO:O presente artigo examina a proposta do Estado Plurinacional, enquanto projeto  político alternativo ao Estado Nacional. Primeiramente, contextualizamos o assunto, com uma breve exposição do novo constitucionalismo latino-americano, onde se desenvolveu e se levou a cabo a proposta do Estado Plurinacional. Em seguida, relacionamos as características do Estado Nacional, enquanto construto da Modernidade que busca uniformizar vidas e visões de mundo, na persecução cega da conformação da realidade a condições ótimas para o desenvolvimento de um sistema econômico, o capitalismo. O Estado Nacional nega a pluralidade de corporalidades, espacialidades e territorialidades, gerando exclusão, marginalização e extermínio. Prosseguindo, apresentamos a proposta do Estado Plurinacional, através de uma revisão da Teoria Geral do Estado e, com achegas da Sociologia, traçaremos suas características. O Estado Plurinacional deve reconhecer a diversidade cultural que abriga e acolher as lutas por reconhecimento advindas dessa mesma diversidade. Deve, também, reconhecer que não mais monopoliza a produção do direito e a regulação da vida social. Finalmente, faremos um apanhado dos pressupostos do Estado Plurinacional, sistematizando-os. ABSTRACT:This paper examines the proposal of the Plurinational State, as an alternative political project to government. First, this article contextualize the issue, with a brief exhibition of the new Latin American constitutionalism, where it has been developed and carried out the proposal of the Plurinational State. Then, this article relate the characteristics of the National-State, showing it as a herald of modernity, which standardize lives and world-views, in the blind pursuit of shaping reality in optimal conditions for the development of an economic system, capitalism. The National State denies the plurality of corporeality, spatiality and territoriality, generating exclusion, marginalization an d death. Proceeding to the proposal of the Plurinational State, through a review of the General Theory of State, and with subsides in Sociology, this article will trace its main features. The Plurinational State must recognize the cultural diversity that houses and embrace the struggles for recognition which arise out of that diversity. The Plurinational State should also recognize that the State no longer monopolizes the production of law and the regulation of social life. Finally, it will make an overview of the prerequisites of the Plurinational State, systematizing them. 


Author(s):  
Olga Yurchenko

Herder carried out the study of culture as a complex system, considering the material and spiritual culture, showing the conditionality of its development by internal and external conditions, proved the historicity of culture. Each of the cultures reveals a way of determining a person's place in the world, a certain type of self-identification that is connected with the national consciousness. Herder proclaimed that the development of socio-cultural experience and the formation of national consciousness occurs in the education process. The philosopher defined cultural conformity as one of the basic principles of the organization of education and people's life in the state.


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