Reconstruction and Change

2000 ◽  
pp. 173-196
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
West African ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Trade Market

This chapter explores the effects of the First World War on the shipping and West African trade market. It outlines Elder Dempster’s financial and trading position after the war and details the difficulties that came as a result of reduced freight rates, loss of vessels, and a fall in the value of West African produce. It juxtaposes Elder Dempster’s losses with the progress of Dutch and German lines and presents the two rival countries as a threat to the British shipping industry. The chapter concludes with the re-establishment of the West African Lines Conference.

War and Reconstruction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Sturmey
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Effort ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
First World

This chapter presents the effects of the First World War on the future of the British shipping industry. It examines shipping tonnage statistics to demonstrates Britain’s loss of three million tons and in contrast, the worldwide tonnage increase of seven million tons. It is presented in two halves: the first provides overviews of the tonnage profit between 1914 and 1920 in America, Japan, France, and Italy, and the tonnage of neutral countries and British enemies; detailed shipping losses and the financial effects on British shipping; plus tramp and liner statistics, tax rates, freight rates, the lack of equalisation schemes, and the loss of entrepôt trade. The second half examines the British postwar reconstruction effort, and calculates the value of the four major sources of tonnage available: British ships built during the war; ceded German ships; purchases from foreign owners; and new builds. It concludes that Britain sought to return to a prewar perceived sense of normalcy in shipping, despite irrevocable changes in worldwide shipping such as the rise of the American fleet.

scholarly journals How the Liverpool Tidal Institute was established: industry, navy and academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Anna Carlsson-Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
British Association ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First World

Abstract. This paper outlines the establishment of the Liverpool Tidal Institute in 1919. There is a particular focus on early patrons and supporters in the context of both previous tidal research on the accuracy of predictions and debates about the involvement of state actors in science at the end of the First World War. It discusses how, and to what extent, various actors – Liverpool University, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the UK Hydrographic Office, and the shipping industry – became involved with the institute and what their roles were in its creation. It shows that industrial support was crucial in the establishment of this academic institute which later became a key contractor to the Navy.

Post-War Reconstruction

2000 ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Trade Market

This chapter describes the reconstruction of Elder Dempster’s company structure and development after the Second World War. It states the company’s losses in terms of vessels and staff, and assesses the changes made in management and head office accommodation in order to allow Elder Dempster to meet the level of success it had achieved in the early 20th Century. The chapter also addresses the changing composition of the West African trade after the war, which included alterations in the determination of freight rates; the extension of the West African Lines Conference; and the intrusion of Scandinavian lines into the West African trade market. The chapter concludes with Elder Dempster’s purchase of the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company Limited.

BLITZKRIEG REVISITED: A NEW LOOK AT NAZI WAR AND EXTERMINATION PLANNING

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS JERSAK
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
First World War ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
New Look

Historians have generally accepted the notion that Hitler's war against France was planned and conducted as a Blitzkrieg from the very beginning. Recent research, however, has shown the fallacy of this assumption by firmly establishing that Hitler and his generals expected the war in the West to become a re-enactment of the First World War. This review puts the new findings in military history in the context of other recent studies on Nazi plans to ‘solve’ the ‘Jewish Question’ after the surprisingly fast victory over France. It links Nazi war and extermination planning with Hitler's underlying ideology and strategy and looks more closely at the still controversial Madagascar plan. One of the questions discussed is why there were no plans to ‘solve’ the ‘Jewish Question’ under the cover of the war against France, a war expected to last for years.

Arab uprising

Maska ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (200) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Miha Turk
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
General Public ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
First World War ◽  
Recent History ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

With an influx of refugees from the Middle East and Syria in particular it is important to understand their recent history so as to familiarize our audience with historical context that helped shape the contemporary conflict. The article is composed of an accessible and non-formalized narrative of the so called ‘Arab revolt’ where Arab rebels sided with the Entente forces in a bid to gain independence from the Ottomans on the side of the Central powers. Their bid was ultimately betrayed as the war ended with colonization from the their former allies - the French and the British. This betrayal is still very much alive and fueling the modern conflict and general distrust of the West. The Great War fundamentally changed the Middle East much more than the second war though its effect and aftermath are for the greater part unfamiliar to the general public. The article aims at adding the ‘Middle East’ piece to the general imaginarium pertaining the First World War.

V. Moltke-Conrad: Relations between the Austro-Hungarian and German General Staffs, 1909–14

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Stone
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

The Eastern Front of the First World War remains, as Winston Churchill called his book on it, ‘The Unknown War’. Whereas in the West, politics were dominated by the military events, the reverse happened in the East: the gigantic struggles which took place from the Baltic to the Black Sea now seem to have been but a prelude to the Revolution in Russia and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There has been little interest in the military aspects of the Eastern conflict.

scholarly journals The Way of the Warrior in Interwar Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

In the 1860s, Japan was pulled out of its centuries-long isolation and forced to rapidly adapt to the industrialized world. The state quickly made friends with the more established Western powers and was able to impress them with its surprising miliary victories over China in 1895, Russia in 1905, and Germany in 1919. However, the goodwill that Japan had garnered with the West evaporated after the First World War. How could a nation so adept at modern militarism and economics alienate every friend it had in the span of 25 years? The answer stems from Japan's long feudal age; in the twentieth century, Japan was unable to reconcile feudal concepts of Bushidō and Shinto with emerging Wilsonian idealism, leading to a fundamental disconnect that drove the Japanese down the path to confrontation with the nations that had ushered it into the modern era.

Anglicanism in West Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi James Kolapo
Keyword(s):  
African Country ◽  
First World War ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
West African ◽  
West African Country ◽  
World War ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Full Charge

This chapter examines the course of the transformation of the Anglican mission into an indigenous West African Anglican Church after the First World War. In general, coinciding with the wane and demise of European imperialism, paralleled by the withdrawal of the dominance of London Church Missionary Society and European missionaries, West African Anglicans have sought more or less successfully to redefine the identity of their local church to fit ever more closely with its new African locus. The specific contexts in each West African country where the Anglican Church has been established played significant roles in the nature of the process and its outcome. By the close of the period under analysis here, West African Anglicans have come to fully own their Church, taking full charge of its culture, structure, and doctrine, and are asserting a global leadership claim in the Anglican Communion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document