DISASTER IN A ‘PLURAL SOCIETY’: CYCLONES, DECOLONIZATION, AND MODERN AFRO-MAURITIAN IDENTITY

In February of 1960, the most powerful cyclone in Mauritian history, Carol, made landfall. In its wake, the British colonial state embarked on a reconstruction effort that would reshape the island for decades to come. This study examines how Afro-descendant Creole Mauritians understood Carol at the moment of its landfall and produced social meaning in the reconstruction efforts that followed. It sheds light in particular on the construction of cités, ‘cyclone-proof’ housing estates meant to permanently shelter those left homeless, at a moment when questions of racial coexistence defined debates over the end of empire. It shows that the building of the cités and the prospect of home ownership they allowed would become important touchstones in contemporary Afro-Mauritian notions of belonging and permanence in a society structured by racial exclusion. In so doing, this essay emphasizes the importance of the natural world to narratives of diasporic community in the southwest Indian Ocean.

Integration of Islamic Values ​​in Science Education 'A Reconstruction Effort in Education'

Islam and science are an inseparable unity. Islam as a religion is a source of knowledge and knowledge is a means to apply everything contained in religious teachings. In the Qur'an, there are around 750 verses related to science. This shows that Islam places great emphasis on the development of science. But what happens, these two things are pushed aside from each other, resulting in a dichotomy of knowledge that enters all aspects of life. The awareness to restore the position of Islam and science began to be rolled back by Muslim thinkers by integrating the two. In educational institutions, the integration of Islamic and science values ​​is strengthened through an "integrated curriculum", which is "bringing together several scientific disciplines in a learning design to obtain better learning outcomes with the ability of students to connect one subject to another. Among the integration concepts offered are "shared, Webbed, and integrated." In addition to curriculum integration, components that need to be considered are improving the quality of human resources and educational infrastructure.

METODOLOGI PENAFSIRAN KONTEKSTUAL ABAD 21:

The reconstruction effort on interpretation continues to be carried out with various methods and approaches. This reflection then causes various Muslim and non-Muslim intellectuals to compete in interpreting Al-Qur'anic text. The purpose of this research is to find out Abdullah Saeed's contextual interpretation methodology in Al-Qur'an 21st Century. This research uses the book of Abdullah Saeed's entitled "Islamic Thought; An Introduction ", supported by other literature. In general, the four operational steps of Abdullah Saeed's contextual interpretation: 1) identifying initial considerations by understanding the subjectivity of the interpreter, constructing language and meaning and the world of the Al-Qur’an (encounter with the world of texts); 2) begin the task of interpretation by identifying the original intent of the text and believing the authenticity and reliability of the text (critical analysis of the text independently); 3) identify the meaning of the text by exploring each context (meaning for the first recipient; 4) linking the interpretation of the text to the current context (the contextualization process, the meaning for the moment). If the Al-Qur'an is said to be "according the time and place" the understanding is not what is written in the Al-Qur'an carried out anytime and anywhere, but must be adapted to space and time. This does not reduce the degree of Al- Qur'an, but makes the benefit of the people.

IDENTIFIKASI AWAL DAN REKONSTRUKSI ASPEK BIOLOGIS TEMUAN RANGKA MANUSIA LJ-1 SITUS LEANG JARIE, MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN

The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation of the physical aspect reconstruction effort one of the human skeletal findings that once bathed the Maros karst area. The results of excavations in 2018 and 2019 found a human skeleton at the Leang Jarie Site (LJ-1) associated with the Toalian techonology stone tools and Austronesian earthenware, with age 2700 BP. Morphometric analysis of the LJ-1 framework on the skeletal part that remains and can be recognized, known that the sex is a male aged 35-40 years with a height of 166 cm, originating from the Austronetian nation. This framework is considered as important data and evidence of human presence as ancestors of the inhabitants of the Maros cultural region, which provides evidence of the relationship between the Austromelanes race (the Toalian people) and the Mongoloid race (Austronesian people). the technology found in one context with this framework is bone artifacts in the form of Bone point, Maros point, mollusca shell kitchen waste and some pottery fragments. The results of this study can provide a new perspective on racial interactions (Austromelanesoid with Austronesian) in the past. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberi penjelasan tentang usaha rekonstruksi aspek fisik salah satu temuan rangka manusia yang pernah mendiami kawasan karst Maros. Hasil ekskavasi tahun 2018 dan 2019 menemukan rangka manusia di Situs Leang Jarie (LJ-1) berasosiasi dengan alat batu teknologi Toalian dan gerabah Austronesia, dengan umur 2700 BP. Analisis morfometri terhadap rangka LJ-1 pada bagian rangka yang masih tersisa dan dapat dikenali, diketahu bahwa berjenis kelamin adalah laki-laki, berusia 35-40 tahun dengan tinggi badan 166 cm, berasal dari bangsa Austronesia. Rangka ini dianggap sebagai data dan bukti penting kehadiran manusia sebagai leluhur penghuni wilayah budaya Maros, yang memberikan bukti terjadinya relasi antara ras Austromelanesoid (bangsa Toalian) dengan ras Mongoloid (bangsa Austronesia. Adapun teknologi yang ditemukan dalam satu konteks dengan rangka ini adalah artefak tulang berupa lancipan (bone point), artefak batu (maros point), sampah dapur cangkang moluska dan beberapa fragmen tembikar. Hasl penelitian ini dapat memberikan perspektif barun tentang intereaksi antara ras (Austromelanesoid dengan Austronesia) yang melahirkan suatu bentuk akulturasi buadaya yang terjadi pada masa lampau.

A Systematic Methodology for Pre-Reconstruction Planning in Post Conflict Scenarios

Aim: This study aims to assist in planning the preliminary phases of pre-reconstruction. The pre-reconstruction phase is critically important to the success of any reconstruction effort. Background: The period of reconstruction following armed civilian conflict, military operation or natural disaster is a critical window of opportunity to bring stability and normalcy to a region. Stability not only depends on resilient infrastructure, but also on reliable political systems, a national identity, and an able population to sustain the economy and system of governance. Methods: It presents three foundational dimensions that contribute to creating and fostering a successful post-conflict or post-disaster environment: political reality awareness, cultural property protection, and capacity building. This study also presents a methodology that quantitatively assesses the specific elements that contribute to the success or failure of a planned reconstruction effort. Results: An in-depth understanding of the three dimensions of Political Reality, Cultural Property Protection, and Capacity Building is necessary to ensure a stable environment for any reconstruction operations to succeed without unpredicted obstacles. Conclusion: A systematic methodology of assessing the potential outcomes of an effort can guide planners to evaluate the appropriateness of the effort for the scenario as well as the probability of it achieving success.

Bencana Alam dan Konflik Agraria: Suatu Kajian Literatur

The tsunami disaster that stroked Aceh in 2004 not only resulted in massive casualties and huge economic losses, has also resulted in massive horizontal agrarian conflicts. This article will discuss how natural disasters cause horizontal agrarian conflicts. The question that will be answered is how the tsunami caused the agrarian conflicts among the people? How such agrarian conflicts affect the reconstruction effort of after tsunami which is a series of disaster mitigation. This article uses a literature review consisting of research reports, scientific journal articles, and media reports on the impact of the 2004 Aceh tsunami. Study results and media reports suggest that the tsunami disaster resulted in the loss of boundaries of community-controlled land and this causes land disputes among neighbors that influences reconstruction efforts undertaken by governments and NGOs. However, local wisdom on conflict mitigation contributes to the settlement of land conflicts and this has contributed to post-tsunami reconstruction efforts in Aceh. With that this article contributes to the development of knowledge on disaster mitigation. Bencana tsunami yang melanda Aceh pada tahun 2004 tidak hanya mengakibatkan banyak korban dan kerugian ekonomi yang besar, juga menyebabkan konflik agraria horisontal yang masif. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana bencana alam menyebabkan konflik agraria horizontal. Pertanyaan yang akan dijawab adalah bagaimana tsunami menyebabkan konflik agraria di antara masyarakat? Bagaimana konflik agraria seperti itu memengaruhi upaya rekonstruksi setelah tsunami yang merupakan serangkaian mitigasi bencana. Artikel ini menggunakan tinjauan pustaka yang terdiri dari laporan penelitian, artikel jurnal ilmiah, dan laporanmedia tentang dampak tsunami Aceh 2004. Hasil studi dan laporan media menunjukkan bahwa bencana tsunami mengakibatkan hilangnya batas-batas tanah yang dikuasai masyarakat dan ini menyebabkan perselisihan tanah di antara para tetangga yang memengaruhi upaya rekonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan LSM. Namun, kearifan lokal tentang mitigasi konflik berkontribusi pada penyelesaian konflik tanah dan ini telah berkontribusi pada upaya rekonstruksi pasca-tsunami di Aceh. Dengan itu artikel ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan pengetahuan tentang mitigasi bencana.

Towards a ‘Responsibility to Provide’ (R2Provide) in Southeast Asia

This chapter introduces the responsibility to provide (R2Provide) and furnishes a sense of the diplomatic, normative and political conditions from which the notion emerged. The policy and academic debate sparked by Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008 and the post-crisis reconstruction effort helped shape the terms and references of the evolving sense of collective responsibility among Southeast Asian countries. What emerged was not surprising given the region’s enduring deference to the non-interference norm. Contrary to the R2P’s assumption that prospective targets of intervention bear the onus to justify to their prospective interveners why they do not deserve to be intervened against, the R2Provide places the onus instead on prospective recipients of assistance to invite or request their prospective helpers to exercise their responsibility to provide. That said, guided by Levinas’ ethics, the book goes on to contend that both recipient and provider equally share the obligation and responsibility to furnish succour, safety and security to affected populations: the recipient through her grant of consent and invitation, on one hand, the provider through her contributions of aid, assistance and the like on the other.

Blending under deconstruction

The cognitive-linguistic theory of conceptual blending was introduced by Fauconnier and Turner in the late 90s to provide a descriptive model and foundational approach for the (almost uniquely) human ability to invent new concepts. Whilst blending is often described as ‘fluid’ and ‘effortless’ when ascribed to humans, it becomes a highly complex, multi-paradigm problem in Artificial Intelligence. This paper aims at presenting a coherent computational narrative, focusing on how one may derive a formal reconstruction of conceptual blending from a deconstruction of the human ability of concept invention into some of its core components. It thus focuses on presenting the key facets that a computational framework for concept invention should possess. A central theme in our narrative is the notion of refinement, understood as ways of specialising or generalising concepts, an idea that can be seen as providing conceptual uniformity to a number of theoretical constructs as well as implementation efforts underlying computational versions of conceptual blending. Particular elements underlying our reconstruction effort include ontologies and ontology-based reasoning, image schema theory, spatio-temporal reasoning, abstract specification, social choice theory, and axiom pinpointing. We overview and analyse adopted solutions and then focus on open perspectives that address two core problems in computational approaches to conceptual blending: searching for the shared semantic structure between concepts—the so-called generic space in conceptual blending—and concept evaluation, i.e., to determine the value of newly found blends.