Meaning and Skill—Maintaining the Balance

The subject given me poses a question. It is no academic question arising out of purely theoretical considerations. It is assumed that both meaning and computational competence are proper ends of instruction in arithmetic. It is implied that somehow or other both ends are not always achieved and that there is evidence that this is so.

AT Classic: Meaning and Skill—Maintaining the Balance

The Arithmetic Teacher ◽

10.5951/at.34.8.0018 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

William A. Brownell

Keyword(s):

Academic Question ◽

The Subject ◽

The subject given me poses a question. It is no academic question arising out of purely theoretical considerations. It is a assumed that both meaning and computational competence are proper ends of instruction in arithmetic. It is implied that somehow or other both ends are not always achieved and that there is evidence that this is so.

1,3-Di(hetero)aryl-7-substituted Pyrenes—An Undiscovered Area of Important Pyrene Derivatives

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsoc-23-06470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Dawid Zych

Keyword(s):

Density Functional Theory ◽

Density Functional ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Basis Set ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Td Dft ◽

Pyrene Derivatives ◽

Osmium Complexes ◽

The Subject ◽

In this work, the necessity of synthesis of 1,3-di(hetero)aryl-7-substituted pyrenes is presented based on the results of theoretical calculations by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) by using Gaussian 09 program with B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and 6-31G** basis set. What is more, the synthetic routes with feasible reagents and conditions are presented. The subject of theoretical considerations are two pyrene derivatives which contain at position 1 and 3 pyrazolyl substituents and at position 7 amine (1) or boron (2) derivative. The theoretical calculations were also performed for the osmium complexes with mentioned ligands (3 and 4). The influence of electron-donating/accepting character of the substituent at position 7 of pyrene on the properties of molecules has been established.

Brand Management of Catholic Church in Poland

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel11110607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 607

Author(s):

Grzegorz Ignatowski ◽

Łukasz Sułkowski ◽

Robert Seliga

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Brand Management ◽

Marketing Ethics ◽

Generational Change ◽

Management Processes ◽

Controversial Topic ◽

The Subject ◽

Controversial Area ◽

The Catholic Church

Building the brand of the Catholic Church is an area that is little explored in the literature on the subject. This issue turns out to be a very controversial area due to the nature of the activities and the sphere in which these activities are to be performed (marketing, ethics, religion, and faith). The article presents the results of qualitative research conducted among clergymen in Poland and is additionally based on the analysis of the literature on the subject. The theoretical considerations and research results presented in the article help to develop an understanding of the activities of the Catholic Church in Poland, aimed at strengthening the value of its brand. It should be noted that the generational change taking place in Poland forces the clergy to change their narrative and way of conducting dialogue. The previous generations, based on the faith and ethos of John Paul II, also expect modern forms of communication more and more often, which leads to building the brand value of the Catholic Church in Poland. The article discusses the specificity of the interdependence of the Church and marketing, identifies the issues of building the brand of the Catholic Church and the use of modern marketing tools in this process, and presents the results of its own research, which leads to the drawing of final conclusions verifying the research questions posed in the research methodology. This article may initiate an extended discussion on the controversial topic of the implementation of commercial marketing tools into management processes in the Catholic Church.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

Characteristic energy losses of electrons scattered from incandescent solids

10.1098/rspa.1930.0046 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 127 (804) ◽

pp. 111-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Keyword(s):

High Vacuum ◽

Adsorbed Layer ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Velocity Spectrum ◽

Deep Minimum ◽

Characteristic Energy ◽

The Subject ◽

Solid Conductors ◽

Primary Electrons

The electron emission produced when solid conductors are bombarded with electrons of controlled speed has formed the subject of a great number of investigations. It is now generally recognized that this emission consists of three different parts: (1) Primary electrons, truly reflected without loss of energy; (2) electrons scattered back with reduced energy; and (3) secondary electrons proper, with very low velocities, which would seem to be produced from the atoms of the target by the same collision processes that give rise to the second group. In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the reflected electrons, the angular distribution of which reveals their wave character, if the target is a definitely orientated crystal of the substance in question. Some time ago I made some measurements on the velocity spectrum of the emission produced by electron bombardment, using a magnetic deflection apparatus of fairly high resolving power. The principal object of this investigation was to look for evidence of groups of electrons with characteristic velocities related to the soft X-ray levels of the substance. From certain theoretical considerations such electrons might be expected to be present in the emission. Targets of lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon and aluminium were tried, but in no case was there any evidence of electrons of the kind in question. These results are discussed in the paper mentioned. The distribution curves obtained for different targets and bombarding voltages ranging from 40 to 900 volts were all similar in shape. The reflected electrons produced a sharp and narrow peak, separated from the rest of the curve by a very deep minimum. The curve then rapidly rose to a maximum, corresponding to scattered electrons which had lost an energy equivalent to 25 volts in the collision. In addition to these, some experiments were made with targets of platinum and carbon, which could be kept at incandescence also when readings were taken. It was found that new maxima appear at high temperature, nearer to the reflected peak, and that the 25 volt maximum becomes very faint but reappears after some time on cooling. These changes were repeated several times. It was concluded that the 25 volt maximum was produced by an adsorbed layer formed on the cold target in the high vacuum, whilst the new maxima with hot targets should probably be regarded as characteristic of the target substance itself. Somewhat similar effects have been observed by Brown and Whiddington using a photographic method.

Paradox or Schizophrenia: The Problem of the Author in Literature

Tekstualia ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.4449 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (41) ◽

pp. 13-28

Author(s):

Edward Kasperski

Keyword(s):

Critical Theory ◽

Past Century ◽

Reading Practice ◽

The Past ◽

The Subject ◽

Creatio Ex Nihilo ◽

Ex Nihilo ◽

Death Of The Author ◽

The article focuses on the debate on the conception of the author over the past century that has resulted in a series of attempts to undermine the position of the author and even remove this category from theoretical considerations (the idea of the death of the author). It points to a schizophrenic gap between critical theory and reading practice in which the author remains indispensable for interpretation. The theories that aim to exclude the author are based on certain paradoxes, such as regressus as infi - tivum when a text is treated as a combination of quotes or creatio ex nihilo when the author is completely erased. The second part of the article offers an analysis of Witkacy’s Gyuabal Wahazar with a view to showing the ways in which the authorial subject is constituted and bound to the author’s existence. It emphasizes the concomitant indispensability and indeterminacy of the subject.

Vox Electronica: Nostalgia, Irony and Cyborgian Vocalities in Kraftwerk’s Radioaktivität and Autobahn

twentieth century music ◽

10.1017/s1478572204000076 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 81-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

IAN BIDDLE

Keyword(s):

Digital Technology ◽

Rock Music ◽

New Technologies ◽

Digital Age ◽

Political Identities ◽

Subject Positions ◽

The Subject ◽

Electronic Groups ◽

The Voice ◽

This paper takes a close look at the music of Kraftwerk, perhaps the best known of the ‘electronic’ groups of former West Germany’s so-called neue Welle, in order to raise some fundamental questions about the politics of elektronische Musik before the dawn of the digital age and, in particular, how constructions and performances of the voice in late analogue technology rehearse new and critical strategies of resistance in the aftermath of 1968.It is a commonplace of recent cultural-theoretical considerations of digital technology to ascribe to it a fundamental re-positioning of imaginations of the subject, of authorship and of agency in the broadest sense. What has never really been fully worked through in this (usually utopian) figuration of digital technology is the extent to which technology can be conceived as ‘autonomous’ (as Rosie Braidotti would have it) or whether new technologies in themselves are a guarantor of new cultural formations. In particular, this paper seeks to test the extent to which Kraftwerk’s pre-digital imagination can be read as an expression of the politics of the so-called Tendenzwende (a ‘turning inwards’ from explicitly activist politics to a more diffuse politics of the personal) of the Schmidt- and early Kohlzeit. The article looks in particular at Kraftwerk’s use of what might be termed the ‘electronic sublime’ as a way of disengaging the music from the ego-centred practices of earlier German rock music and as a way of anticipating new German subject positions and political identities in the light of de-industrialization and globalization.

Computer vision, camouflage breaking and countershading

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2008.0211 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 364 (1516) ◽

pp. 529-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ariel Tankus ◽

Yehezkel Yeshurun

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Visual Detection ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Real Life ◽

Animal Kingdom ◽

Flat Background ◽

The Subject ◽

Image Edges ◽

Multiple Edges ◽

Camouflage is frequently used in the animal kingdom in order to conceal oneself from visual detection or surveillance. Many camouflage techniques are based on masking the familiar contours and texture of the subject by superposition of multiple edges on top of it. This work presents an operator, D arg , for the detection of three-dimensional smooth convex (or, equivalently, concave) objects. It can be used to detect curved objects on a relatively flat background, regardless of image edges, contours and texture. We show that a typical camouflage found in some animal species seems to be a ‘countermeasure’ taken against detection that might be based on our method. Detection by D arg is shown to be very robust, from both theoretical considerations and practical examples of real-life images.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

The diffusion of gases through metals

10.1098/rspa.1935.0095 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 150 (869) ◽

pp. 172-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Keyword(s):

Unit Area ◽

The Other ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Metal System ◽

The Subject ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Diffusion Of Hydrogen ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Diffusion Of Gases

Since the original discovery by Graham in 1866 that hydrogen could diffuse through platinum, the phenomena of diffusion of gases through metals have been the subject of many investigations. Various empirical equations have been proposed to represent the effect of temperature and pressure on the rate of diffusion, and in 1904 Richardson, Nicol, and Parnell arrived at an equation from theoretical considerations which was in good agreement with their own measurements of the diffusion of hydrogen through platinum. This equation, generally known as Richard son’s equation, may be written D = k / d . P ½ T ½ e ─ b /T , (1) where D is the rate of diffusion per unit area of surface, P is the gas pressure, T the temperature, d the thickness of the metal, and b a constant for the gas-metal system. The equation applies to conditions in which gas is maintained at a pressure P on one side of the metal, whilst a vacuum is maintained on the other side. If instead of a vacuum a pressure P 1 , where P 1 < P, exists, the term √P in the equation is replaced by (√P ─ √P 1 ).

Balance of Power, Bipolarity and other Models of International Systems

American Political Science Review ◽

10.2307/1951855 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 684-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Morton A. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

International Politics ◽

Balance Of Power ◽

Peace Studies ◽

Columbia University ◽

War And Peace ◽

Push Forward ◽

The Subject ◽

International Systems ◽

Research Frontiers

The postwar years have been a period of great interest in the theory of international politics. A contributor to this Review has surveyed the state of the study of that theory and indicated the alternatives open to it. Within the last year the Institute of War and Peace Studies of Columbia University has held a series of seminars on the subject in an effort to push forward research frontiers.Interest in theory is no reflection upon the merits of scholarly endeavors that are not oriented primarily to theoretical considerations. But it does assume the independent importance of a theory of international politics. The present essay assumes the importance of theory in general, but is based upon a particular kind of theory, namely, systems theory.

DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING PEOPLE AS AWARE RECIPIENTS AND CREATORS OF THE CULTURAL OFFER

Muzealnictwo ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.2261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 140-145

Author(s):

Lucyna Kościelniak

Keyword(s):

Sign Language ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Hard Of Hearing ◽

Practical Guidelines ◽

History Of ◽

Polish Language ◽

The Subject ◽

Communication Methods ◽

The article attempts to approach the subject of making culture accessible for people with hearing impairment from the perspective including social, cultural and linguistic issues. The most important matters discussed in the first part of the article are: history of the sign language and the Deaf culture in Poland as well as ambiguities related to communication methods, i.e. differentiating between the sign language and the manual code for spoken language. Based upon the considerations above, the following issues are presented: the role of a sign language interpreter in the process of making culture accessible, and the role of Polish language as an uncertain medium of conveying information to people with hearing impairment. In the article, theoretical considerations alternate with practical guidelines and solutions, which might facilitate the process of creating an offer for this particular type of museum visitor. The concluding part contains a list of the most interesting projects being conducted in Poland, which might be valuable as an inspiration for beginners in organising events dedicated to the deaf and hard of hearing people.