The Guidance Manual for Loading Great Lakes Bulk Carriers

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 417-427
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Foss
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Design Value

This paper explains the need for a guidance manual for loading Great Lakes bulk carriers. The guidance manual is concerned with limiting the stillwater bending moment to the design value. Topics covered herein are the effect of stillwater bending moment on deflection, historical stillwater bending moment as a function of ship parameters, light ship weight distribution, and items commonly included in the guidance manual.

Marpol V and Cargo Residues in the Great Lakes

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Eric Reeves ◽  
Laurie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
The U.S

In 1989 the U.S. Coast Guard promulgated regulations implementing Annex V to Marpol 73/78, which regulates the discharge of "garbage" from ships. Since that time it has become apparent that Marpol V, an international regime designed for the high seas, does not translate into a workable regime for the Great Lakes without some modification for the special problem of cargo residue discharges from dry bulk carriers. Application of Marpol V to the Great Lakes by the United States has also created an anomaly, because Canada has yet to do so, in large part because of serious concerns about its application to cargo residues on the Great Lakes. On September 22, 1993 the U.S. Coast Guard Ninth District put out an interim enforcement policy designed to provide a reasonable balance between the need to protect the environment of the lakes against any possible harm while taking account of the need for safe operation of commercial dry bulk carriers. At the same time, in cooperation with the Canadian Coast Guard Central Region and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard Ninth District is developing better scientific information about the possible effects of cargo residues in order to build a scientific basis for a revised regulatory regime. As the scientific study progresses, the Ninth Coast Guard District continues to make modifications to the current enforcement policy, in consultation with Canadian Coast Guard Central Region, the scientific community, industry, and environmental groups. The final goal is a reasonably balanced and consistent regime on both sides of the lakes, in accordance with the mandates of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

Wave-Induced Hull Vibrations: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Armin W. Troesch
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
Incident Waves

The results of an experimental and theoretical study investigating the main hull girder vibrations of Great Lakes bulk carriers are presented. The source of the excitation is considered to be the incident waves. The emphasis of the work is to understand the hydrodynamic aspects of ship springing. Theoretical calculations based upon a short-wavelength assumption compare well with experiments.

Prospects for Diesel Exhaust Energy Utilization Aboard Great Lakes Bulk Carriers

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
John B. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Exhaust Energy ◽  
Economic Analyses

The rise of fuel prices above their traditional levels suggests that the thermal energy in diesel exhaust gas ("waste heat") should be used by the Great Lakes ships in a manner similar to established ocean practice. This paper discusses the important generalities in this use, the magnitude of the energy source from several Great Lakes propulsion engines, and then outlines two schemes for its application by a self-unloading ore carrier of contemporary design. Brief economic analyses show that one scheme is attractive enough to justify more detailed consideration of its use in future ships.

Longitudinal Strength of Great Lakes Bulk Carriers

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 200-211
Author(s):  
Alex Vedeler
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Section Modulus ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Longitudinal Strength ◽  
Steel Weight

Although little statistical information is available regarding the actual wave conditions on the Great Lakes, considerable reductions are possible in the required scantlings of the present and future Great Lakes bulk carriers. Utilizing the available knowledge about the strength of ocean-going vessels and modifying this for the Lakes, rational formulas are developed for the required midship section modulus and moment of inertia. The present Lake strength norm for the large carriers is a linear extrapolation of requirements developed almost 50 years ago and has led to a required midship section modulus considerably in access of what is necessary. The formulas developed in this paper indicate that a saving of around 15 percent in the steel weight is possible within the present state of the art. As more detailed information of the wave spectrum becomes available in the future, further savings should be possible.

Recent Research on Dynamic Behavior of Large Great Lakes Bulk Carriers

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-355
Author(s):  
Stanley G. Stiansen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Bulk Carriers

This paper reviews several research projects undertaken by the American Bureau of Shipping in the recent past which are of particular interest to Great Lakes vessels. These projects cover five areas of research, namely, linear springing prediction, analytical and experimental investigation of nonlinearity in springing, pressure correlation, ship vibrations, and fatigue behavior.

On the estimation of bending and shear stresses in beamlike ships travelling in a seaway

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1634) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bulk Carriers

Hydroelasticity studies of beamlike structures have been undertaken for the past 15 years or more. Investigations, dating as far back as 1984, have revealed the occurrence of proportionality between bending moment and shear force at certain regions of the hull, considering the symmetric motions and distortions. Although such behaviour can be observed, in principle, in all beamlike structures, its pattern depends on various parameters associated with the type, structure and loading of the beamlike hull. In this paper, the occurrence of proportionality and its implications are examined for a variety of ships, such as container ships, bulk carriers, etc., travelling in a seaway.

Zone Outfitting in a Canadian Great Lakes Shipyard: The First Four Years

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Alan J. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Department ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Planning Department ◽  
Office Personnel

This paper traces the introduction of zone outfitting and outfit modules in a Canadian Great Lakes shipyard following ideas put forward at a Washington, D.C. seminar in 1981. Advances made during construction of five 736-ft bulk carriers are presented, showing the increase in outfit material incorporated in steel units before erection and the rapid increase in size of machinery modules from 3 to 4 tons to some of 40 tons. The different attitudes to these changes by senior management, production supervisors, drawing office personnel and mechanics are briefly examined. Some of the problems encountered are discussed along with the benefits gained by different departments in the yard. The paper examines problems which have yet to be overcome with a look at new advances planned for future ships. The advantages of zone outfitting for a yard with only a medium-sized technical department and a small planning department, but with a willingness to accept change, are reported. Although all of the techniques available to larger yards cannot be adopted by smaller yards, the author's experience with zone outfitting during the past four years provides valuable lessons for the industry at large.

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