Occurrence of wheat blast in Bangladesh and its implications for South Asian wheat production

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurba Kumar Chowdhury ◽  
Mahender Singh Saharan ◽  
Rashmi Aggrawal ◽  
Paritosh Kumar Malaker ◽  
N. C. D. Barma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals A Standardized Inoculation Protocol to Test Wheat Cultivars for Reaction to Head Blast Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (Triticum pathotype)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Cruz ◽  
W. W. Bockus ◽  
J. P. Stack ◽  
B. Valent ◽  
J. N. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Biosafety Level

Wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a significant threat to wheat production worldwide. Because this pathotype does not occur in the United States, it is important to prepare for its possible introduction. As part of this preparation, over 500 U.S. wheat cultivars were tested for susceptibility or resistance to head blast. Inoculations were conducted under biosafety level 3 conditions. However, the protocols to phenotype wheat cultivars vary among researchers, and head blast inoculation protocols need to be standardized so that results can be easily interpreted and shared internationally. The protocol presented, based on several years' experience, is recommended for common use to facilitate direct comparison of disease phenotyping results among researchers. Accepted for publication 12 August 2016.

Protecting South Asian Wheat Production from Stem Rust (Ug99) Epidemic

2012 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv K. Sharma ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
Vinod ◽  
Arun K. Joshi ◽  
Subhash C. Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Determining an effective and economic fungicide spray schedule for reducing blast of wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
FS Tisha ◽  
HR Nayan ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Kashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Interval Plants ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Heading Stage

Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT), constitutes one of the major obstacles to the expansion of wheat production in Bangladesh. In the absence of resistant variety, fungicide control is the first-hand effort. Determining an effective and economic fungicide spray schedule in controlling blast disease of wheat was aimed. Ten fungicides were tested during two consecutive cropping seasons of 2018-2019 to 2019-2020. The wheat plants of blast susceptible cultivar BARI Gom 26 were inoculated with spores (107 spores ml-1) of MoT at pre-heading stage of wheat (52 days age). Fungicides were applied both before inoculation and after the appearance of blast symptoms in cocktail for three times starting from booting of wheat at 7 days interval. Plants received the combination of Filia (Tricyclazole 40% + Propiconazole 12.5%) and Seltima (Pyraclostrobin 10%) had significantly lower blast incidence and severity (1.23% and 3.33%) against untreated plants. Cocktail of Nativo and Trooper (Tricyclazole 75 wp) proved 2nd best curative measure. Application of Nativo (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) alone ranked third in its efficacy. The fungicide spray schedule covered booting, pre-heading and heading stages of wheat. The results indicate a mixture of Tebuconazole + Tricyclazole + Pyraclostrobin is more effective (97% blast reduction) and economic (BCR 1.45) than a single compound application in reducing incidence and severity of wheat blast. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 10-16, June 2021

PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF THE TRANSGENIC COTTON–WHEAT PRODUCTION SYSTEM THROUGH PEANUT INTERCROPPING AND FYM ADDITION

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMAN JEET SINGH ◽  
I. P. S. AHLAWAT ◽  
KULDEEP KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Production System ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Wheat Production

SUMMARYThe cotton–wheat production system (CWPS) occupies an important place in the agricultural economy of several South Asian countries. The instability of the CWPS has increased particularly during the post-transgenic hybrids phase mainly because of these hybrids calling for intensive crop management being cultivated under all situations, especially in resource-poor conditions leading to violent fluctuations during adverse years and thereby affecting the socio-economic status of these developing countries. A study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effect of the two-tier intercropping of cotton and peanut with the substitution of a 25–50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) of cotton by farmyard manure (FYM) on productivity, profitability and nitrogen economy in the CWPS at New Delhi during 2006–08. To quantify the residual effects of previous crops and their fertility levels, a succeeding crop of wheat was grown with varying rates of nitrogen, viz. 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1. Wheat equivalent productivity was significantly more with the inclusion of peanut in the CWPS (21–26%) with a high net return (US$288) than a pure stand of cotton in the CWPS. The substitution of 25% RDN of cotton by FYM being on par with no substitution recorded a higher wheat equivalent yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, net return and nitrogen use efficiencies. Nitrogen economy in wheat was 22 kg ha−1 due to inclusion of peanut in the CWPS and 13 kg ha−1 due to substitution of the 25% RDN of cotton by FYM. The study suggested that for the success of the CWPS in South Asian countries, escalating prices of N fertilizers with environmental issues and the instability of transgenic hybrids can be overcome by using wider rows of cotton by peanut intercrop with the integrated use of both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen.

Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (wheat blast).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
South American ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Abstract Wheat blast is a fungal disease of wheat which is caused by a host-specialized ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype (Anamorph Pyricularia oryzae Triticum). It was first discovered in Paraná state of Brazil in 1985 and then gradually spread in wheat growing areas in several countries in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It is a fearsome disease of wheat which causes yield loss up to 100%. It is now a threat to wheat production in about 3 million hectares of wheat growing areas in South America. Application of fungicides to control this disease is unreliable and breeding resistant varieties is also not durable. At conducive environmental conditions (18-30°C and > 80% RH) during ear emergence or grain filling, this disease can become an epidemic and devastate wheat crop within a week. In 2016, MoT emerged as an epidemic in eight districts of Bangladesh and has so far destroyed more than 15,000 hectares of wheat. The wheat blast pathogen in Bangladesh is determined as a South American lineage of M. oryzae. Scientists fear that MoT may spread to neighbouring South Asian wheat-growing countries and thus pose a serious threat to food and nutritional security of South America.

A review on South Asian wheat blast: The present status and future perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1618-1629
Author(s):  
Nabila Yesmin ◽  
Farhana Jenny ◽  
Hasan M. Abdullah ◽  
Motaher M. Hossain ◽  
Md A. Kader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals Climate Suitability for Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum Pathotype in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1979-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Cruz ◽  
Roger D. Magarey ◽  
David N. Christie ◽  
Glenn A. Fowler ◽  
Jose M. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Production Areas

Wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae, is an emerging disease considered to be a limiting factor to wheat production in various countries. Given the importance of wheat blast as a high-consequence plant disease, weather-based infection models were used to estimate the probabilities of M. oryzae Triticum establishment and wheat blast outbreaks in the United States. The models identified significant disease risk in some areas. With the threshold levels used, the models predicted that the climate was adequate for maintaining M. oryzae Triticum populations in 40% of winter wheat production areas of the United States. Disease outbreak threshold levels were only reached in 25% of the country. In Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida, the probability of years suitable for outbreaks was greater than 70%. The models generated in this study should provide the foundation for more advanced models in the future, and the results reported could be used to prioritize research efforts regarding the biology of M. oryzae Triticum and the epidemiology of the wheat blast disease.

scholarly journals Wheat Blast: A Disease Spreading by Intercontinental Jumps and Its Management Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
Navin C. Gahtyari ◽  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Krishna K. Roy ◽  
Xinyao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
South American ◽  
Disease Forecasting ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Disease Spreading

Wheat blast (WB) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is an important fungal disease in tropical and subtropical wheat production regions. The disease was initially identified in Brazil in 1985, and it subsequently spread to some major wheat-producing areas of the country as well as several South American countries such as Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. In recent years, WB has been introduced to Bangladesh and Zambia via international wheat trade, threatening wheat production in South Asia and Southern Africa with the possible further spreading in these two continents. Resistance source is mostly limited to 2NS carriers, which are being eroded by newly emerged MoT isolates, demonstrating an urgent need for identification and utilization of non-2NS resistance sources. Fungicides are also being heavily relied on to manage WB that resulted in increasing fungal resistance, which should be addressed by utilization of new fungicides or rotating different fungicides. Additionally, quarantine measures, cultural practices, non-fungicidal chemical treatment, disease forecasting, biocontrol etc., are also effective components of integrated WB management, which could be used in combination with varietal resistance and fungicides to obtain reasonable management of this disease.

South Asian Stories: Firsthand Client Perspectives on Barriers to Accessing Speech-Language Pathology Services

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Client Experiences ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Language Pathology

This article details the experience of two South Asian individuals with family members who had communication disorders. I provide information on intrinsic and extrinsic barriers reported by these clients in responses to a survey and during individual ethnographic interviews. These data are part of a larger study and provide empirical support of cultural and linguistic barriers that may impede timely access to and utilization of speech-language pathology (SLP) services. The purpose of this article is to shed light on barriers and facilitators that influence South Asian clients' access to SLP services. I provide and briefly analyze two case vignettes to provide readers a phenomenological perspective on client experiences. Data about barriers limiting access to SLP services were obtained via client surveys and individual interviews. These two clients' data were extracted from a larger study (Mahendra, Scullion, Hamerschlag, Cooper, & La, 2011) in which 52 racially/ethnically diverse clients participated. Survey items and interview questions were designed to elicit information about client experiences when accessing SLP services. Results reveal specific intrinsic and extrinsic barriers that affected two South Asian clients' access to SLP services and have important implications for all providers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document