Four Core Concepts in Psychiatric Diagnosis

In the present article, we aimed at describing the diagnostic process in Psychiatry through a phenomenological perspective. We have identified 4 core concepts which may represent the joints of a phenomenologically oriented diagnosis. The “tightrope walking” attitude refers to the psychiatrist’s ability to swing between 2 different and sometimes contrasting tendencies (e.g., engagement and disengagement). The “holistic experience” includes all those intuitive, nonverbal, and pre-thematic elements that emerge in the early stages of the clinical encounter as an emanation of the atmospheric quality of the intersubjective space. The “co-construction of symptoms” regards the hermeneutic process behind psychiatric symptoms, involving both the patient as a self-interpreting agent and the clinician as a translator of his/her experience. Finally, by the “evolving typification” we mean that the closer the relationship becomes with the patient, the more specific and nuanced becomes the typification behind psychiatric diagnosis. Each of these concepts will be accompanied by an extract from a clinical case deriving from one of the authors’ most recent clinical experiences.

MASALAH PEMAHAMAN COVID-19 DAN TUGAS FILSAFAT

<em>Public understanding of Covid 19 is often seen as a source of problems in pandemic time. This article presents a discussion that the logic of understanding is different from the logic of explanation. If in scientific explanation, law and scientific theory are regarded as the premises, all human understanding departs from the historical experience of the world which belongs to the community. In a phenomenological perspective, human understanding is rational because it is oriented toward convergence without coincidence, unification without equivalence, commonality without identity, and cooperation without uniformity. The Study of the musical experiences of East Nusa Tenggara shows that the people of East Nusa Tenggara have a transverse rationality, in a sense that is convergent with the health protocol, although is based on the mythical cosmology. Based on this kind of logos, any effort in solving Covid 19's problem as a point of convergence needs interpretation of local community different understanding.</em><br /><br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Covid 19, Edmund Husserl, Phenomenology, rationality, transversality.

Countryside Borderscapes in Finland

This article focuses on a particular kind of fence (riukuaita) that visually fragmented the nineteenth-century rural landscape in Finland and deeply affected everyday mobility in the countryside. Expanding on observations made in a previous article, the first section situates earlier depictions of the Finnish countryside within the broader confrontation between classic and romantic landscape painting and presents the idea of a countryside transformed into a borderscape of sorts. The second section examines the cultural practices within the Alderman institution that sustained and administrated these borders and divisions. The third and final section explores how artists of the so-called Golden Age of Finnish Art depicted these bordescapes, and how it might affect the way we read and experience landscape paintings, especially when considered from the phenomenological perspective of actual and imaginary walking into the depicted scene.

Collective and Social Representations on Nature and Environment: Social Psychology Investigation in Rural Areas

This is a qualitative research based on a phenomenological perspective of understanding, that aim to captures the way in which the population of rural areas from the western part of Romania understands the terms of nature and environment. Starting from valuable scientific studies related to the relationship between man and nature, we propose an original interdisciplinary approach that combines social methodology with a geographical, ecological and land use perspective. This study aims to identify the forms in which social representations about nature and environment are outlined on the level of rural areas people perceptions. As Romania is a European Union member state, its rural areas have seen transformations and changes in detail that reflect in the environmental-geographical ambience typical of the three main relief types (mountains, hills and plains), the mixed geomorphological type, its residents’ basic aspirations and conscious attitudinal and behavioral levels. The two study benchmarks are the notions of nature and environment, raising perception sensitivities and everyday concerns belonging to the residents of the rural areas surveyed. The administrative unit of Bihor County, belonging to the northern half of the Crișana Province and comprised of rural communities in 97 villages, was selected as the study’s target area. These villages were selected in such a way that they had to meet the requirements of balance and diversity of local environmental conditions, land use and the result of changing their land cover and the socio-geodemographic conditions of the population. A series of 1576 questionnaires were administered to subjects who are over 18 years old and are aware of the reality of their places. The results of the applied tests (Levene’s test) show that the concrete factors of daily activities are very good predictors of the relationship between man and nature.

Exploring Experiences of Accounting Student Teachers with Digitally Mediated Learning: A Phenomenological Perspective

Conducted against the backdrop of forced online learning imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sought to explore the learning experiences of accounting student teachers with digitally mediated learning. Anchored in phenomenological research design, focus group interviews were used to generate qualitative data from purposefully selected accounting student teachers while member checking was used for validation. Content analysis of data revealed sufficient concurrence in the phenomenological voices of students that they experienced anxiety, stress, isolation, demotivation and lack of contact with their classmates. In mitigation of these experiences, the study recommends that lecturers need to develop learning material with which students can interact meaningfully, and create and maintain a live, interactive virtual learning environment in which student learning is monitored and evaluated continuously. The students appreciated the flexibility of digitally mediated learning and its provision for real opportunities for learning beyond the physical learning environment. The study found that digitally mediated learning creates a platform for a creative, innovative and non-contact learning environment in the new educational dispensation of the COVID-19 pandemic era. It therefore calls for a radical paradigm shift in the pedagogical assumptions and practices of lecturers towards a student-centred virtual learning environment which thrives on digital technology.

The Exploration Of Coping Skills In Bonjok Lor Village In Leisure Activities In The Pandemic Covid-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused social disturbances that have an impact on physical activity in the elderly, especially in doing leisure time, so that appropriate coping skills are needed to overcome various disorders in recreational activities so that the elderly do not have an impact on psychological disorders. The purpose of this study was to analyze recreational activities carried out as well as strategies for the elderly's coping skills in carrying out recreational activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological perspective. Methods of in-depth interviews and documentation. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 8 elderly informants in Bonjok Lor Village, Bonorowo District, Kebumen Regency who have met the criteria (able to communicate well; elderly who are not actively working/retired; helping research informants). The data analysis technique used method triangulation and theoretical triangulation. Results: There was a change in the leisure of the elderly between before and before the COVID-19 pandemic. This triggers a change in the goals of the elderly in doing recreational activities. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic poses various problems for the elderly, such as psychological problems, health problems, disturbances in carrying out activities, and compliance with health protocols. Appropriate coping skills strategies are needed, such as; task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, avoidance-oriented coping with the aim that the elderly can still carry out recreational activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Changes in recreational activities and the goals of the elderly in doing recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic trigger various problems, therefore skills are needed to overcome the right strategies so that the elderly can benefit from doing recreational activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

‘They Are Kids, Let Them Eat’: A Qualitative Investigation into the Parental Beliefs and Practices of Providing a Healthy Diet for Young Children among a Culturally Diverse and Deprived Population in the UK

In the UK, ethnic minority children are at greater risk of obesity and weight-related ill health compared to the wider national population. The factors that influence the provision of a healthy diet among these populations remain less understood. An interpretive qualitative study with a phenomenological perspective comprised of 24 single sex semi-structured focus groups was conducted with 110 parents (63 mothers and 47 fathers) of young children (aged 0–5 years). The participants were recruited from deprived and ethnically diverse wards in Luton, UK and self-identified as being white British, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, black African–Caribbean or Polish. The findings highlighted a wide range of inter-relating psychological and sociocultural factors that underpin parental beliefs and practices in providing children with a healthy diet. Parents, whilst aware of the importance of providing children with a healthy diet, faced challenges such as lack of time and balancing competing responsibilities, which were clear barriers to providing children with a healthy diet. Access to and affordability of healthy food and the overexposure of cheap, convenient, and unhealthy processed foods made it increasingly difficult for parents to provide a healthy diet for their growing families. Household food practices were also found to be situated within the wider context of sociocultural and religious norms around cooking and eating, along with cultural identity and upbringing.

Factors Shaping Brand Awareness of Sumba Weaving Products in a Phenomenological Perspective

The fashion industry is included in the top three creative industry sectors in Indonesia. The development of the fashion industry is also supported by various parties and is also enlivened by the distinctive fashion of Indonesian traditional fabrics. Several traditional Indonesian fabrics, such as batik, lurik, Lombok songket have successfully penetrated the international market, so the opportunity to continue developing the fashion industry with traditional fabrics is still large. One of them is to use a typical Sumba woven cloth which is not gaining popularity with Sumba as a tourist destination. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of digging deeper into the factors that shape the brand awareness of Sumba woven fabrics. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and phenomenological methods, with data collection using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) technique. The results showed that the factors that formed brand awareness of Sumba woven fabrics were divided into two, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors are factors that come from the product itself, such as motif, price, color, age of fabric, quality, craftsmen. While external factors come from outside the product, including the power of word of mouth, organizing events (exhibitions), government involvement (regional and central), and showing the identity of the wearer. Industri fashion termasuk dalam tiga besar sektor industri kreatif di Indonesia. Perkembangan industri fashion ini juga didukung berbagai pihak, serta turut diramaikan dengan fashion khas kain tradisional Indonesia. Beberapa kain tradisional Indonesia, seperti batik, lurik, songket Lombok telah berhasil menembus pasar internasional, sehingga peluang untuk terus mengembangkan industri fashion dengan kain tradisional masih besar. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan kain tenun khas Sumba yang kurang mendapatkan popularitas dengan Sumba sebagai destinasi wisata. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menggali lebih dalam mengenai faktor yang membentuk brand awareness kain tenun Sumba. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode fenomenologi, dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang membentuk brand awareness atas produk kain tenun Sumba dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal merupakan faktor yang berasal dari produk sendiri, seperti motif, harga, warna, usia kain, kualitas, pengarajin. Sedangkan faktor eskternal berasal dari luar produk, meliputi kekuatan dari word of mouth, penyelenggaraan event (pameran), keterlibatan pemerintah (daerah dan pusat), dan menunjukkan identitas pemakainya.

Husserl on Minimal Mind and the Origins of Consciousness in the Natural World

The main aim of this article is to offer a systematic reconstruction of Husserl’s theory of minimal mind and his ideas pertaining to the lowest level of consciousness in living beings. In this context, the term ‘minimal mind’ refers to the mental sphere and capacities of the simplest conceivable subject. This topic is of significant contemporary interest for philosophy of mind and empirical research into the origins of consciousness. I contend that Husserl’s reflections on minimal mind offer a fruitful contribution to this ongoing debate. For Husserl, the embodied character of subjectivity, or consciousness, is essential for understanding minimal mind. In his view, there is an a priori necessary constitutive connection between the subjective and objective aspects of the body, between Leib and Körper, and this connection is especially important for exploring minimal mind from a phenomenological perspective. Thematically, the essay has three main parts. In Sect. 2, I present an overview of how minimal mind is framed in contemporary philosophy of mind and empirical research. I then analyse Husserl’s conception of embodiment with regard to the problem of minimal mind in Sect. 3. Finally, I present a more detailed investigation into Husserl’s account of minimal mind, highlighting features from his descriptions of animal mind and consciousness in early infancy (Sects. 4 and 5).

Active surveillance as a collateral practice of contemporary pedagogical devices of the present time.

“A collateral victim”[1] of the Spanish flu epidemic: these are the words that Edgar Morin uses to define himself in his “Preamble: One hundred years of vicissitudes” (2020, p. 9), written during the lockdown imposed to stem the spread of Covid-19. Over a handful of pages, the French philosopher and sociologist gives a first-person account of his own personal life in relation to the history of the great crises of the 20th Century. His preamble to the book Let’s change lanes: Lessons of Coronavirus reads as follows: “The reader can now understand why I find it normal to expect the unexpected and to foresee that the unpredictable may happen”[2] (p. 22). Over the course of the text, Morin’s readers are also brought to understand why the author has not “completely lost hope” (ibidem). Hence, the beauty of the words of Morin, as a “transversal thinker” (Montuori, 2019, p. 408), is collateral: his lucid analysis does indeed retrace the catastrophic events that have arisen during the pandemic, underlining human beings’ predisposition to dystopian attitudes, yet it simultaneously highlights key steps towards fostering that humanism necessary to change the path. If aesthetics, according to the definition given by its founder Baumgarten (1750), is the “sensory theory”[3] (Tedesco, 2020, p. 9), perhaps the key to grasping the collateral beauty of adverse events lies in implementing knowledge of sensibilities, i.e. that ability to envisage the unexpected (Morin, 2020, 2001), to understand that pain is part of life (Han, 2020), to “think emotions, feel thoughts”[4] (Mortari, 2017), to listen to the Other because it concerns us (Levinas, 2002). This contribution aims to relate some findings of contemporary Italian pedagogy, which, in response to the Covid-19 crisis, are exploring those sensibilities able to deal with the unexpected, considering the concepts of uncertainty, margin and care from a phenomenological perspective (Mortari & Camerella, 2014). Educational practices, brought to the fore by the academic community in the field of education, become an active surveillance tool to provide a response to current issues that is not only theoretical, but also empirical and “operational”[5] – i.e. “capable of directing and orienting its choices in a strategic way in contexts where highly critical situations occur” (Isidori & Vaccarelli, 2013, pp. 16–17).