Optimization design of marine seawater desulfurization technology

Because ships burn inferior fuel, the emission of ship exhaust gas has a great impact on the environment. In order to effectively deal with the increasingly strict limit of sulfur content and SO2 emission of ship fuel by the International Maritime Organization. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of SO2 gas soluble in seawater, this paper studies and compares the current industrial seawater desulphurization technology and other flue gas desulfurization technologies, puts forward the feasibility of the application of seawater desulphurization technology in the exhaust gas emission of marine diesel engine, and theoretically designs and calculates seawater desulphurization technology is pointed out.

Optimization of the Belinyu solar power plant to reduce emissions of waste gas in diesel power plant

The operation of a diesel power plant not only improves reliability but also has an impact on the environment in the Belinyu sub-district. The purpose of this PLTD development is to meet the increasing electricity demand. Environmental aspects in the construction of this PLTD include exhaust gas emission factors which are pivotal to notice. Meanwhile, this low emission power plant located next to the diesel power plant has not yet had an optimal operating pattern because there is no energy storage system. By optimizing the design of the solar power plant and optimization the operating pattern of the diesel power plant, it has the potential to reduce the operating hours of the diesel power plant engine as well as the potential to reduce exhaust gas emissions in the amount of 0.0060264 mn tons CO2/year.

Science Teaching Materials for Students with Special Needs: Concept of Exhaust Emissions in Transportation Equipment

The purpose of this study was to find out science learning materials for students with special needs regarding the concept of exhaust emissions in transportation equipment. The research method used experimental demonstration. We prepared research instruments for learning the concept of exhaust emissions in transportation equipment for students with special needs. The results showed that several tools and materials must be provided and several lists of research instrument questions were made. In addition to tools and materials, methods and media must also be adapted to the needs of the child. That’s because the methods and media that are in accordance with the needs of students can make it easier for students to understand the learning material. We hope that the results of this study can make it easier for teachers to teach the concept of exhaust gas emission on transportation equipment, especially for students with special needs.

A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines

The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative energy sources, and hydrogen is an efficient and practical alternative fuel. In the transportation industry, the development of hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency and significantly reduce exhaust gas emission and concentration. The impact of using hydrogen as a supplementary fuel for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines on engine performance and gas emissions was investigated in this study. By adding hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the torque, power, and brake thermal efficiency of the engines decrease, while their brake-specific fuel consumption increase. This study suggests that using hydrogen will reduce the emissions of CO, UHC, CO2, and soot; however, NOx emission is expected to increase. Due to the reduction of environmental pollutants for most engines and the related environmental benefits, hydrogen fuel is a clean and sustainable energy source, and its use should be expanded.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN EMISI GAS BUANG DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Pelaksanaan pengujian emisi gas buang pada kendaraan bermotor diperoleh gejala-gejala berdasarkan observasi bahwa pelaksanaan uji emisi gas buang di Kabupaten Bandung sangat jarang dilakukan, banyaknya kendaraan bermotor jika diamati mengeluarkan asap dari knalpotnya yang menandakan tingginya pencemaran udara, dan uji emisi gas buang hanya dilaksanakan pada kendaraan tertentu khususnya berkaitan dengan emisi gas buang yang sudah memasukkan prosedur pengujian emisi gas buang kendaraan. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui implementasi kebijakan penanganan emisi gas buang yang dilakukan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung. Teori yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penelitian adalah teori implementasi kebijakan. Sesuai dengan karakteristik penelitian, pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan studi metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif objek penelitian di dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung , adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan adalah studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan seperti observasi dan wawancara. Sementara pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan pengolahan literatur, dokumen, perundang-undangan serta hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data hasil wawancara serta membandingkan wawancara dengan isi dokumen yang berkaitan. The implementation of exhaust emission testing in motorized vehicles shows symptoms based on the observation that the implementation of exhaust emission tests in Bandung Regency is very rarely carried out, the number of motorized vehicles that when observed emits smoke from their exhausts which indicates high air pollution, and exhaust emission tests are only carried out in certain vehicles, in particular with regard to exhaust gas emissions that have included the vehicle exhaust emission testing procedure.Based on this phenomenon, the purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the implementation of exhaust gas emission management policies carried out by the Bandung Regency Transportation Agency. The theory used as a research guide is the theory of policy implementation. In accordance with the characteristics of the research, this research approach uses qualitative research methods with descriptive design, while data collection is carried out in the form of library research and field studies such as observations and interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data collection is carried out by processing literature, documents, legislation and the results of previous research. The data analysis used was triangulation of interview data and comparing interviews with the contents of related documents

On-Board Monitoring of SO2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

A photoacoustic gas detector for SO2 was developed for ship exhaust gas emission monitoring. The basic measurement setup is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of SO2 at 285 nm wavelength. A commercially available ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) is used as the light source and a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone as the detector. In order to achieve the required detection limits in marine applications, a measuring cell which allows an acoustically resonant amplification of the photoacoustic signal was developed and characterized. A limit of detection of 1 ppm was achieved in lab conditions during continuous gas flow. Long-term measurements on a container ship demonstrated the application relevance of the developed system.

Estimating Emissions of Harmful Exhaust Components by Aircraft Engines During the Takeoff and Landing Cycle in Airport Space

This article examines, based on the available information and authors’ self-assessments, the environmental impact of turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment in the airport space during engines flight phases in the landing and takeoff cycle (LTO). The attention of aviation professionals is drawn to the fact that the amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that it may adversely change the ambient air at the airport. Consequently, increased emission level of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) during engine start-up and idle may pose a threat to the health of ramp staff. Also, high emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during takeoff, climb, cruise and descent is not without importance for the environment around the airport space. The paper gives CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission estimations based on ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and the number of passenger operations at a medium-sized airport. It also provides calculation results of aircraft CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission using average times of aircraft maneuvers taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in the LTO cycle various aircraft types at the airport. The latter, based on actual maneuvering times, lead to significantly reduced estimates of toxic exhaust gas emission volumes.

The Effect of Trim on Tanker, Container and Bulk Carrier Ship Toward the Reduction of Ship’s Exhaust Gas Emission

Emission is one of the few environmental problems, and ships are one of the modes of transportation that produce it. This study aims to define the impact of using optimal trim during the cruising phase, so it can decrease the resistance and the fuel consumption, which will lead to less emission produced by the ship. The type and amount of ships used in this study are three tanker ships, three container ships, and two bulk carrier ships. The methodology used in this study is by using Holtrop’s resistance calculation method with the help of Maxsurf software. The resistance, the power needed, and the fuel consumption is calculated on 22 trim variations and seven speed variations. This study determined that the average decrease in fuel consumption caused by trim optimization for tanker, container, and bulk carrier ships is 5.641%, 8.269%, and 15.704%. Furthermore, the average decrease of emissions produced by tanker, container, and bulk carrier is 6.494%, 11.317%, and 13.775%, respectively. These results are narrowed down to conclude that trim optimization can reduce fuel consumption by up to 9.871% and decrease the emission produced by up to 10.529% for the three types of ships used in this study.

Time-Resolved Endoscopic Evaluation of Spatial Temperature and Soot Distribution in a Butanol-Diesel Blend Fuelled Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine

In-situ spatial soot and temperature distributions were investigated experimentally for B20 (20% v/v butanol and balance mineral diesel blend), vis-a-vis mineral diesel using endoscopic visualization. Endoscopy captured in-cylinder combustion images in a production-grade direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine at varying engine operating points. A comparative combustion data analysis using pressure-crank angle history, and the captured endoscopic images was performed, and an attempt was made to correlate the results of these two experimental investigations. Combustion duration (CD) obtained from the endoscopic images was found to be relatively long compared to CD calculated from the thermodynamic analysis. The majority of the research on soot and NOx emitted from an engine using a raw exhaust gas emission analyser provides bulk, time-averaged, and cycle-averaged information about the pollutant formation. This investigation is unique wherein the spatial or time-resolved soot and NOx formation (Via spatial temperature distribution) is evaluated and the findings of this study support the research finding available in the open literature, which uses emission analyser. This study and the technique therein on deployment of engine endoscopy as an emerging optical technique is potentially useful to original automotive manufactures (OEM's) in designing more efficient engines to meet upcoming stringent emission norms.