scholarly journals The History and Outlook of Animal Drugs Treating Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, and Haze Episode-induced Respiratory Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
◽  
Xiumei Wu ◽  
Hairong Zhao ◽  
Junya Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Haze Episode

Visibility and Incidence of Respiratory Diseases During the 1998 Haze Episode in Brunei Darussalam

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Yadav ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
Awg Makarimi bin Hj Awg Kasim ◽  
M.P. Singh ◽  
S.K. Parida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Haze Episode

scholarly journals Endoparasitoses in hospitalised paediatric patients with pulmonary disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Juriš ◽  
A. Dudlová ◽  
J. Fábry ◽  
J. Melter ◽  
M. Miškovská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract Faeces examination of hospitalised paediatric patients with respiratory diseases (recurrent and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, contact with TBC, active TBC, rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, fluidothorax, pleuropneumonia) revealed the total prevalence of endoparasites of 19.85 %, out of which the prevalence of helminth was 7.35 %. Following genera, or species were represented Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hymenolepis spp., Enterobius vermicularis. The total prevalence of protozoa was 12.50 % in the following representation: Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba spp., Isospora spp., Giardia spp. Out of helminthoses the greatest representation was in Ascaris lumbricoides 4.41 %, and out of protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. 6.62 %. In paediatric patients the increased levels of IgE antibodies were found for individual age groups as well as higher values of eosinophiles (Eo > 5 %), lymphocytes (Lym > 56 %), and Creactive protein (CRP > 8 mg.l−1). Statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher level (above the reference values) of IgE, Eo, Lym were found in the patients with helminthoses.

scholarly journals Respiratory simulators in rehabilitation of patients with chronic respiratory diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 844-846
Author(s):  
Aksana M. Kardangusheva ◽  
Kh. A. Sabanchieva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Clinical observation about the rehabilitation of a patient with chronic bronchitis using respiratory simulators is presented. The place of different methods of pulmonary rehabilitation in the tactics of managing patients with chronic respiratory diseases based on the modern scientific data on the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases has been determined.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for Non-COPD Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerasuk Kawamatawong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Pde Inhibitors

Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are a class of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Modulation of systemic and airway inflammation is their pivotal mechanism of action. Furthermore, PDE inhibitors modulate cough reflex and inhibit airway mucus secretion. Roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, has been extensively studied for the efficacy and safety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. According to the mechanisms of action, the potential roles of PDE inhibitors in treating chronic respiratory diseases including severe asthma, asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and chronic cough are discussed. Since roflumilast inhibits airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia in COPD patients, it reduces COPD exacerbations in the presence of chronic bronchitis in addition to baseline therapies. The clinical studies in asthma patients have shown the comparable efficacy of roflumilast to inhaled corticosteroids for improving lung function. However, the clinical trials of roflumilast in severe asthma have been limited. Although ACO is common and is also associated with poor outcomes, there is no clinical trial regarding its efficacy in patients with ACO despite a promising role in reducing COPD exacerbation. Since mucus hypersecretion is a result of neutrophil secretagogue in patients with chronic bronchitis, experimental studies have shown that PDE4s are regulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human airway epithelial cells. Besides, goblet cell hyperplasia is associated with an increased expression of PDE. Bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis are considered neutrophilic airway diseases presenting with mucus hypersecretion. They commonly coexist and thus lead to severe disease. The role of roflumilast in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is under investigation in clinical trials. Lastly, PDE inhibitors have been shown modulating cough from bronchodilation, suppressing transient receptors potential (TRP), and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, there is the potential role of the drug in the management of unexplained cough. However, clinical trials for examining its antitussive efficacy are pivotal. In conclusion, selective PDE4 inhibitors may be potential treatment options for chronic respiratory diseases apart from COPD due to their promising mechanisms of action.

Visibility and Incidence of Respiratory Diseases During the 1998 Haze Episode in Brunei Darussalam

Air Quality ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Yadav ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Makarimi Hj Awg Kasim ◽  
M. P. Singh ◽  
S. K. Parida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Haze Episode

scholarly journals Lung function and respiratory diseases in people with psychosis: Population-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Partti ◽  
Tuula Vasankari ◽  
Merja Kanervisto ◽  
Jonna Perälä ◽  
Samuli I. Saarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is little information on lung function and respiratory diseases in people with psychosis.AimsTo compare the respiratory health of people with psychosis with that of the general population.MethodIn a nationally representative sample of 8028 adult Finns, lung function was measured by spirometry. Information on respiratory diseases and symptoms was collected. Smoking was quantified with serum cotinine levels. Psychotic disorders were diagnosed utilising the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) and medical records.ResultsParticipants with schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses had significantly lower lung function values compared with the general population, and the association remained significant for schizophrenia after adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders. Schizophrenia was associated with increased odds of pneumonia (odds ratio (OR) = 4.9), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, OR = 4.2) and chronic bronchitis (OR = 3.8); and with high cotinine levels.ConclusionsSchizophrenia is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk for pneumonia, COPD and chronic bronchitis.

scholarly journals The particularities of cold-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with chronic respiratory diseases

2008 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
A. G. Prikhodko ◽  
A. V. Kolosov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bronchial Hyperreactivity ◽  
Dominant Mechanism ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Heat Exchange

Prevalence and clinical and physiological features of coldinduced bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with respiratory diseases were shown. In patients with chronic bronchitis, coldinduced bronchial hyperreactivity was associated with worsening of lung ability to condition the inspired air. Disorders of respiratory heat exchange in patients with bronchial asthma were not the leading cause of coldinduced bronchoconstriction, which was associated with high sensitivity of airway receptors and IgEdependent mechanisms. A set of diagnostic criteria allowing detection of the dominant mechanism of airway cold hyperreactivity was proposed.

scholarly journals Respiratory Diseases and Hyperammoniemia

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
I.G. Bakulin ◽  
◽  
O.Yu. Chizhova ◽  
L.N. Belousova ◽  
E.Yu. Pavlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Study Results

Study Objective: To assess the incidence of hyperammoniemia in respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods. 36 patients with respiratory diseases took part in the study: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (21 (58.3%) patients), chronic bronchitis (5 (13.9%) patients), and pneumonia (10 (27.8%) patients). Mean age was 66.8 ± 11.8 years; 9 (25.0%) females and 27 (75.0%) males. Each patient had his/her capillary ammonia measured (microdiffusion). In order to assess the nutrition status, all patients had their primary somatometry measured: height, weight, body mass index, inactive arm circumference, waist circumference, skin-fat rolls thickness under biceps, above triceps, below shoulder blade angle, in inguinal region. Study Results. 9 (25.0%) out of 36 patients had hyperammoniemia (capillary ammonia level: 74.0 ± 7.1 nmol/L); their mean age was 62.3 ± 18.2 years. Patients with COPD/chronic bronchitis had significantly higher ammonia concentration (60.7 ± 16.6 mol/L) vs. patients with pneumonia (48.4 ± 14.3 mol/L; t = 2.2, p < 0.03). COPD patients demonstrated significant differences in ammonia levels depending on duration of disease. In the group of higher ammonia concentration, COPD lasted significantly longer (t = 4.03 p = 0.001). We did not find any sound correlation between nutritional (trophological) status and ammonia concentrations in patients with respiratory diseases (t < 2, p > 0.05). Conclusion. In 25% of cases, respiratory diseases were associated with hyperammoniemia that is non-cirrhotic, because hepatobiliary disorders in this group of patients were an exclusion criterion. Although no statistically significant correlation between non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia and nutritional (trophological) status was demonstrated, pathogenic relations between them cannot be ruled out. Whether underweight is a determining factor in non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia is still unclear and requires further research and more observations. Keywords: ammonia, non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia, nutritional (trophological) status, respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders and Chronic Constipation: Relation to Other Co-morbidities?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Szeinbach ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Monguio ◽  
R. W. Baran ◽  
P. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Sleep disorders are common complaints and frequently associated with a number of disease states. Although the link between sleep disorders, respiratory diseases, and other co-morbid conditions experienced by patients has been investigated, the link between sleep disorders and chronic constipation is relatively unexplored. Given the widespread occurrence of sleep disorders, it is important to evaluate how sleep disorders relate to respiratory diseases and other comorbid disease states in participants with chronic constipation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify co-morbid conditions that were significant predictors for chronic constipation participants with and without sleep disorders. Of the 311 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic constipation, 84% of the sample was female with 52% having sleep disorders, approximately two-thirds reported allergies, and 30% or less reported chronic sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results from logistic regression analysis revealed significant odds ratios for sleep disorders and allergies (OR 2.4; p = 0.001), asthma (OR 2.0; p = 0.01), chronic bronchitis (OR 2.2; p = 0.014), COPD (OR 4.0; p < 0.001), sinusitis (OR 2.0; p = 0.008), and for other co-morbid conditions. Perceptions of overall health were significantly worse (p < 0.001) for chronic constipation participants with certain co-morbid conditions including sleep disorders, respiratory diseases, and disease states producing pain. Co-morbid conditions may influence information provided by patients when discussing family history, diagnosing, discussing pharmacotherapy, and monitoring patient-reported outcomes. Co-morbid conditions should be considered by physicians and specialists during patient assessment and evaluation.

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