scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for Non-COPD Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerasuk Kawamatawong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Pde Inhibitors

Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are a class of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Modulation of systemic and airway inflammation is their pivotal mechanism of action. Furthermore, PDE inhibitors modulate cough reflex and inhibit airway mucus secretion. Roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, has been extensively studied for the efficacy and safety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. According to the mechanisms of action, the potential roles of PDE inhibitors in treating chronic respiratory diseases including severe asthma, asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and chronic cough are discussed. Since roflumilast inhibits airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia in COPD patients, it reduces COPD exacerbations in the presence of chronic bronchitis in addition to baseline therapies. The clinical studies in asthma patients have shown the comparable efficacy of roflumilast to inhaled corticosteroids for improving lung function. However, the clinical trials of roflumilast in severe asthma have been limited. Although ACO is common and is also associated with poor outcomes, there is no clinical trial regarding its efficacy in patients with ACO despite a promising role in reducing COPD exacerbation. Since mucus hypersecretion is a result of neutrophil secretagogue in patients with chronic bronchitis, experimental studies have shown that PDE4s are regulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human airway epithelial cells. Besides, goblet cell hyperplasia is associated with an increased expression of PDE. Bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis are considered neutrophilic airway diseases presenting with mucus hypersecretion. They commonly coexist and thus lead to severe disease. The role of roflumilast in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is under investigation in clinical trials. Lastly, PDE inhibitors have been shown modulating cough from bronchodilation, suppressing transient receptors potential (TRP), and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, there is the potential role of the drug in the management of unexplained cough. However, clinical trials for examining its antitussive efficacy are pivotal. In conclusion, selective PDE4 inhibitors may be potential treatment options for chronic respiratory diseases apart from COPD due to their promising mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Ion Channels in the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03032
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in the world. Although treatments and medications that can control the symptoms of asthma are available, no cure has been developed. Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that facilitate the diffusion of ions across membranes. In the airways, ion channels are involved in signalling between cells and regulation of intracellular ion concentration, which may lead to the activation of airway cells, immune cells, and neurons. This review mainly focuses on discoveries made so far in animal models and clinical trials regarding ion channels and asthma and gives some insight into developing treatments targeting ion channels.

From Genesis To Revelation: The Role Of Inflammatory Mediators In Chronic Respiratory Diseases And Their Control By Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (999) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sante Di Gioia ◽  
Carla Sardo ◽  
Stefano Castellani ◽  
Barbara Porsio ◽  
Giuliana Belgiovine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

scholarly journals IL-33 Mediated Inflammation in Chronic Respiratory Diseases—Understanding the Role of the Member of IL-1 Superfamily

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Gabryelska ◽  
Piotr Kuna ◽  
Adam Antczak ◽  
Piotr Białasiewicz ◽  
Michał Panek
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MORBIDITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDICAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN CLINIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Polunina ◽  
M. I Dubrovskaya ◽  
A. N Lobov ◽  
V. P Plotnikov ◽  
S. V Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Morbidity

The data obtained in the study of incidence in children, reflect the results of the children’s clinic. Analysis of the incidence was carried out according to the analysis of medical records. In the structure of general and chronic morbidity in children, the leading places belong to respiratory diseases, among which chronic diseases of adenoids and tonsils prevail (67.7%). Therefore, prevention and timely effective treatment of diseases of the respiratory system will reduce the overall incidence, and, consequently, improve the performance of a children’s clinic. To determine the role of medical rehabilitation, a group of children aged 3 to 14 years with chronic respiratory diseases was recruited in the amount of 127 children (68 boys and 59 girls). In the main group (n=78), treatment without exacerbation included 3 courses of comprehensive medical rehabilitation, including physiotherapy, reflexology, and physical therapy; in the control (n=49) treatment was carried out only in the period of exacerbation. The total duration of observation in both groups was 12 months. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by the dynamics of the frequency and duration of colds and exacerbations of chronic diseases during the year. In the main group, the average frequency of colds for the year decreased by 2 times (p

scholarly journals Tanimilast, A Novel Inhaled Pde4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Facchinetti ◽  
Maurizio Civelli ◽  
Dave Singh ◽  
Alberto Papi ◽  
Aida Emirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic respiratory diseases are the third leading cause of death, behind cardiovascular diseases and cancer, affecting approximately 550 million of people all over the world. Most of the chronic respiratory diseases are attributable to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with this latter being the major cause of deaths. Despite differences in etiology and symptoms, a common feature of asthma and COPD is an underlying degree of airways inflammation. The nature and severity of this inflammation might differ between and within different respiratory conditions and pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatments are unlikely to be effective in all patients. A precision medicine approach is needed to selectively target patients to increase the chance of therapeutic success. Inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme like the oral PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast have shown a potential to reduce inflammatory-mediated processes and the frequency of exacerbations in certain groups of COPD patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype. However, roflumilast use is dampened by class related side effects as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain, resulting in both substantial treatment discontinuation in clinical practice and withdrawal from clinical trials. This has prompted the search for PDE4 inhibitors to be given by inhalation to reduce the systemic exposure (and thus optimize the systemic safety) and maximize the therapeutic effect in the lung. Tanimilast (international non-proprietary name of CHF6001) is a novel highly potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor with proven anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammatory cells, including leukocytes derived from asthma and COPD patients, as well as in experimental rodent models of pulmonary inflammation. Inhaled tanimilast has reached phase III clinical development by showing promising pharmacodynamic results associated with a good tolerability and safety profile, with no evidence of PDE4 inhibitors class-related side effects. In this review we will discuss the main outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies conducted during tanimilast development, with particular emphasis on the characterization of the pharmacodynamic profile that led to the identification of target populations with increased therapeutic potential in inflammatory respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Expert recommendations on the role of macrolides in chronic respiratory diseases

Lung India ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Raja Dhar ◽  
Deepak Talwar ◽  
Virendra Singh ◽  
Harjit Dumra ◽  
Sujeet Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Expert Recommendations

scholarly journals Conference: "COPD: a social disease: inappropriateness and pharmaco-economics. The role of the specialist: present and future"

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio F. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Institutional Network

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), with particular regard to COPD, constitute an epidemic in the full sense of the term, though they still go underdiag- nosed and undertreated. COPD is one of the major health problems worldwide, negatively affecting patients and their families, the employment sector, the institutional network and, hence, society as a whole. Its epidemiological, clinical, social and socio-economic impact is on the rise and there are no signs of any change to this trend. Edited by Claudio F. Donner

scholarly journals Lung Microbiome in Asthma: Current Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Loverdos ◽  
Georgios Bellos ◽  
Louiza Kokolatou ◽  
Ioannis Vasileiadis ◽  
Evangelos Giamarellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
Review Current

A growing body of evidence implicates the human microbiome as a potentially influential player actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes underlying the endotypes and phenotypes of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly of the airways. In this article, we specifically review current evidence on the characteristics of lung microbiome, and specifically the bacteriome, the modes of interaction between lung microbiota and host immune system, the role of the “lung–gut axis”, and the functional effects thereof on asthma pathogenesis. We also attempt to explore the possibilities of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome, aiming at the establishment of asthma prevention strategies and the optimization of asthma treatment.

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