scholarly journals Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 1. Microstructure of Personal Authors' Names

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Fokker ◽  
Michael F. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
Homogeneous Data

<p class="p1">Conventional approaches to processing records of linguistic origin for storage and retrieval tend to regard the data as immutable. The data generally exhibit great variety and disparate frequency distributions, which are largely ignored and which entail either the storage of extensive lists of items or the use of complex numerical algorithms such as hash coding. The results in each case are far from ideal.</p> <p class="p1">The variety-generator approach seeks to reflect the microstructure of data elements in their description for storage and search, and takes advantage of the consistency of statistical characteristics of data elements in homogeneous data bases.</p> <p class="p1">In this paper, the application of the variety-generator approach to the description of personal author names from the INSPEC data base by means of small sets of keys is detailed. It is shown that high degrees of partitioning of names can be obtained by key-sets generated from the initial characters of surnames, fmm the terminal characters of surnames, and from the initials.</p> <p class="p1">The implications of the findings for computer-based bibliographical informationsystems are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 2. Optimization of Key-Sets, and Evaluation of Their Retrieval Efficiency

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Fokker ◽  
Michael F. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Fixed Length ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Retrieval Efficiency ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
High Degree

<p class="p1">Keys consisting of variable-length chamcter strings from the front and rear of surnames, derived by analysis of author names in a particular data base, am used to provide approximate representations of author names. When combined in appropriate ratios, and used together with keys for each of the first two initials of personal names, they provide a high degree of discrimination in search.</p> <p class="p1">Methods for optimization of key-sets are described, and the performance of key-sets varying in size between <span class="s1">150 </span>and <span class="s1">300 </span>is determined at file sizes of up to <span class="s1">50,000 </span>name entries. The effects of varying the proportions of the queries present in the file are also examined. The results obtained with fixed-length keys are compared with those for variable-length keys, showing the latter to be greatly superior.</p> <p class="p1">Implications of the work for a variety of types of information systems are discussed.</p>

Computer-Based Information Retrieval and Decision Support for Birth Defects and Genetic Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-558
Author(s):  
MARY LOUISE BUYSE
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Vital Records ◽  
Medical Libraries ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Access To Data

The increasing power and low price of the personal computer opens up many new possibilities for the management, storage, and retrieval of information in the convenience of your office. In addition to maintaining patient, accounting, and other vital records, the personal computer also gives the physician direct access to data and bibliographic sources formerly available only at large medical libraries. Furthermore, a number of other new online computer-based information services are also available. These information systems contain large databanks from which the physician makes requests. Unlike books and other printed publications that can become quickly outdated, central information banks are maintained to assure the most current data and research information.

Web-Based Intellectual Property MarketPlace

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Isabel Ramos ◽  
José Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Innovation Model

In the past year, knowledge and innovation management have acquired increasing relevance in organizations. In the last decade, open innovation strategy, and in particular, crowdsourcing innovation model has also gained increasing importance. This model is seen as a new innovation model, capable of accelerating the innovation process. Therefore, it is important to understand how organizations can best take advantage of this innovation model. This paper approaches in two ways for commercializing intellectual property: crowdsourcing innovation, and intellectual property marketplaces. Thus, with the intention of understanding the concepts and practices, the study started by collecting scientific articles through bibliographic data bases. The paper provides knowledge about concepts and practices underlying the ways for commercializing intellectual property. It also contributes with a proposal of architecture for an intellectual property marketplace, based on the analysis of practices about crowdsourcing innovation and intellectual property marketplaces. This architecture is still in a draft stage, but already includes helpful insights for organizations interested in applying the open innovation strategy.

scholarly journals Operation of the Harwell UK 14C Data Base and its Expansion Through Data Exchange with Other Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Walker ◽  
R L Otlet ◽  
R A Housley ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
The Core ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Keyboard Typing ◽  
The Uk

The use of computer data bases for storage and retrieval of 14C data is a logical application for the rapidly expanding numbers of 14C determinations. Harwell has established a data base for all samples originating from sites in the United Kingdom and Eire. The core of the data is the Council for British Archaeology's published Index of Radiocarbon Dates which we are expanding to include all Harwell UK dates released for publication by the submitters plus dates from other laboratories both within and outside the UK. As a demonstration of the feasibility of direct database-to-database communication, cooperation has been sought from Groningen and Oxford to transfer computer files containing 14C results for UK sites. Neither of these laboratories use the same system as Harwell for their in-house data base and this exercise highlights the importance of a transfer language for both the national and international schemes as it is no longer practical to carry out such procedures through keyboard typing.

Computer-Based Assessment of Cognitive Abilities: Current Status/Future Directions

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Ben F. Eller ◽  
Alan S. Kaufman ◽  
James E. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Impact

Rapid advances in the computer industry and the concomitant knowledge explosion have created a revolution in the information handling electronics industry. The continued proliferation of computer technology in the educational environment appears inevitable. There seems to be little doubt that recent advances in educational technology will have important consequences for educational institutions at all levels during the coming decades. Students, teachers, and administrators alike have already come to rely on bibliographic and statistical data bases, automated dictionaries, micrographic storage and retrieval systems, and specialized interactive cable and videotext systems for information access. Despite the impact of computer technology in the school environment, guidelines for planning and developing useable software for assessing cognitive abilities has warranted little attention in educational literature. This article suggests that computer-based support systems are now available which could be instrumental in solving the problems associated with cognitive assessment.

The Importance of Automated Sample Management Systems in Realizing the Potential of Large Compound Libraries in Drug Discovery

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willie Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Sample Management ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Large Compound

Biomolecular screening is now enabled at a far greater scale than ever before due to the explosion of available libraries and targets. By the early '90s, however, it was becoming clear that the potential number of tests which could be done (theoretically the product of available test compounds multiplied by identified biological targets) was, in practice, being severely limited by the logistics of handling and preparing samples at rates exceeding 10,000 compounds per day. What was required was, in effect, a "sample supermarket" to feed screening research. This article describes the development of a solution to this problem, called Haystack, which was designed to be this sample supermarket, but with the addition of extensive use of robotics and computer based automation to reduce the scope for human error. The Haystack system consists of three broad types of modules which are: Sample Storage and Retrieval, Sample Dispensing and Preparation, and Sample Tracking and Data Management.

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