scholarly journals Analogics and its Cognitive Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Joonho KIM
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Efficiency

Pleasure as a Sign of Efficacy of Mental Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cabanac ◽  
Chantal Pouliot ◽  
James Everett
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Macintosh Computer ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Sensory Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Tasks

Previous work has shown that sensory pleasure is both the motor and the sign of optimal behaviors aimed at physiological ends. From an evolutionary psychology point of view it may be postulated that mental pleasure evolved from sensory pleasure. Accordingly, the present work tested empirically the hypothesis that pleasure signals efficacious mental activity. In Experiment 1, ten subjects played video-golf on a Macintosh computer. After each hole they were invited to rate their pleasure or displeasure on a magnitude estimation scale. Their ratings of pleasure correlated negatively with the difference par minus performance, i.e., the better the performance the greater the pleasure reported. In Experiments 2 and 3, the pleasure of reading poems was correlated with comprehension, both rated by two groups of subjects, science students and arts students. In the majority of science students pleasure was significantly correlated with comprehension. Only one arts student showed this relationship; this result suggests that the proposed relationship between pleasure and cognitive efficiency is not tautological. Globally, the results support the hypothesis that pleasure is aroused by the same mechanisms, and follows the same laws, in physiological and cognitive mental tasks and also leads to the optimization of performance.

Cognitive Efficiency and Compensating for Change

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Koch
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Efficiency

An Heuristic for the Construction of Alternative Test Forms for the Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Vickers ◽  
Charles Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Analytical Problem ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Basic Reason ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Alternative Test

Trail-making tests such as Oswald and Roth's 1987 Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test offer sensitive and reliable indicators of cognitive efficiency that are also simple, inexpensive, and quick to administer. A disadvantage is that there exist only a limited number of test forms so the scope for repeated administration and systematic investigation is restricted. The basic reason is that the principled generation of such pathways remains an unsolved analytical problem. In this note we propose an heuristic stratagem for the generation of alternative test forms for the Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test.

A study of effect of Centella asiatica on oxidative markers in the hippocampus of offsprings born to alcohol-fed pregnant rats and the correlation with their cognitive functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitha K.V. ◽  
Saraswati Jaiswal Yadav ◽  
Ganaraja Bolumbu
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oxidative Markers

Abstract Objectives Alcohol consumption causes several harmful effects on the organs, which is hugely understated. Many deformities occur in the fetus when pregnant mothers indulge in alcoholism. Alcohol is a known teratogen, hence organ formation, particularly development of parts brain critical for cognitive function may be affected. The oxidative brain damage also could contribute to reduced cognitive efficiency of brain exposed to alcohol. In this study, effect of Centella asiatica in relieving the oxidative brain damage in offspring of alcohol fed mother rats was evaluated. Methods In this study we fed alcohol (5 g/kg body weight, 30% w/v) to a group of pregnant Wistar rats during gestation period, and another group served as control. Four groups of rats (n = 6 each) were selected from the offspring of these mother rats. The groups were, control, positive (treated) control, untreated and treated from alcohol-fed mother. Their cognitive parameters were tested in water maze, shuttle box and compared. Further their oxidative status was evaluated by estimating malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, total antioxidants and glutathione reductase (GSH) in hippocampus. Results The results suggested that there was significantly high cognitive performance in maze test and shuttle box memory retention in rats treated with C. asiatica water extract and the antioxidant levels were high in their hippocampus. Conclusions The outcome of the study suggested that C. asiatica produced beneficial effects in reversing the alcohol induced brain damage in pregnancy.

Text-to-Speech Software and Learning: Investigating the Relevancy of the Voice Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scotty D. Craig ◽  
Noah L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Multimedia Design ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Instructional Multimedia ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
The Voice

Technology advances quickly in today’s society. This is particularly true in regard to instructional multimedia. One increasingly important aspect of instructional multimedia design is determining the type of voice that will provide the narration; however, research in the area is dated and limited in scope. Using a randomized pretest–posttest design, we examined the efficacy of learning from an instructional animation where narration was provided by an older text-to-speech engine, a modern text-to-speech engine, or a recorded human voice. In most respects, those who learned from the modern text-to-speech engine were not statistically different in regard to their perceptions, learning outcomes, or cognitive efficiency measures compared with those who learned from the recorded human voice. Our results imply that software technologies may have reached a point where they can credibly and effectively deliver the narration for multimedia learning environments.

scholarly journals General intelligence disentangled via a generality metric for natural and artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hernández-Orallo ◽  
Bao Sheng Loe ◽  
Lucy Cheke ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Plumed ◽  
Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Individual Measure ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
The Individual

AbstractSuccess in all sorts of situations is the most classical interpretation of general intelligence. Under limited resources, however, the capability of an agent must necessarily be limited too, and generality needs to be understood as comprehensive performance up to a level of difficulty. The degree of generality then refers to the way an agent’s capability is distributed as a function of task difficulty. This dissects the notion of general intelligence into two non-populational measures, generality and capability, which we apply to individuals and groups of humans, other animals and AI systems, on several cognitive and perceptual tests. Our results indicate that generality and capability can decouple at the individual level: very specialised agents can show high capability and vice versa. The metrics also decouple at the population level, and we rarely see diminishing returns in generality for those groups of high capability. We relate the individual measure of generality to traditional notions of general intelligence and cognitive efficiency in humans, collectives, non-human animals and machines. The choice of the difficulty function now plays a prominent role in this new conception of generality, which brings a quantitative tool for shedding light on long-standing questions about the evolution of general intelligence and the evaluation of progress in Artificial General Intelligence.

Individual Differences in Miserly Thinking Predict Endorsement of Racial/Ethnic Stereotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-421
Author(s):  
John C. Blanchar ◽  
David J. Sparkman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Reflective Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Stereotype Endorsement ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Cognitive Miser

The “cognitive miser” metaphor is a classic characterization of mental life wherein cognitive efficiency is favored over careful and reflective thinking. A presumed implication is that reliance on intuitive processing in the absence of reflective thinking should encourage stereotyping. However, research to date has not adequately tested whether proclivities to engage reflective thinking correspond with less stereotype endorsement, nor if their influence occurs independent of cognitive ability and epistemic motivation. In two studies, we conducted straightforward tests of this hypothesis by measuring individual differences in miserly or reflective thinking, cognitive ability, and epistemic motivation as unique predictors of stereotype endorsement. We utilized objective, performance-based measures of reflective thinking via the Cognitive Reflection Test. The results provide the first direct evidence for the cognitive miser hypothesis. Individual differences in miserly thinking predicted endorsements of racial/ethnic stereotypes independent of cognitive ability and epistemic motivation.

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