scholarly journals Collocative Integrity and Our Many Varied Subjects: What the Metric of Alignment between Classification Scheme and Indexer Tells Us About Langridge’s Theory of Indexing

NASKO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Tennis
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Over Time

<p>As the universe of knowledge and subjects change over time, indexing languages like classification schemes, accommodate that change by restructuring. Restructuring indexing languages affects indexer and cataloguer work. Subjects may split or lump together. They may disappear only to reappear later. And new subjects may emerge that were assumed to be already present, but not clearly articulated (Miksa, 1998). In this context we have the complex relationship between the indexing language, the text being described, and the already described collection (Tennis, 2007). It is possible to imagine indexers placing a document into an outdated class, because it is the one they have already used for their collection. However, doing this erases the semantics in the present indexing language. Given this range of choice in the context of indexing language change, the question arises, what does this look like in practice? How often does this occur? Further, what does this phenomenon tell us about subjects in indexing languages? Does the practice we observe in the reaction to indexing language change provide us evidence of conceptual models of subjects and subject creation? If it is incomplete, but gets us close, what evidence do we still require?</p>

Language Change and Movement as Seen by Historical Linguistics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Nurse
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Language Boundaries ◽  
Over Time

The focus of this chapter is on how languages move and change over time and space. The perceptions of historical linguists have been shaped by what they were observing. During the flowering of comparative linguistics, from the late 19th into the 20th century, the dominant view was that in earlier times when people moved, their languages moved with them, often over long distances, sometimes fast, and that language change was largely internal. That changed in the second half of the 20th century. We now recognize that in recent centuries and millennia, most movements of communities and individuals have been local and shorter. Constant contact between communities resulted in features flowing across language boundaries, especially in crowded and long-settled locations such as most of Central and West Africa. Although communities did mix and people did cross borders, it became clear that language and linguistic features could also move without communities moving.

Classification schemes in art libraries in the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Currier
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Discussion List ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Decimal Classification

Subject access to physical or electronic resource collections can be divided into two complementary areas: searching and browsing. Searching involves the use of subject headings, indexing terms from a controlled vocabulary, or natural language keywords. Browsing, whether along a shelf or through a subject tree on the Web, requires the application of some kind of taxonomy or classification scheme. This article looks at what class schemes art libraries are using to arrange their book collections in the UK today. Based on an informal survey via the ARLIS e-mail discussion list, it appears that the Dewey Decimal Classification is not only the most commonly used class scheme, but the one most art libraries choose when they reclassify their library.

French negation, the Superset Principle, and Feature Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-227
Author(s):  
Karen De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Syntactic Movement ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides a nanosyntactic account of negation in French, modelling the change from le bon usage French (BUF) to colloquial French (CF). It is argued that language change is driven by Feature Conservation: the lexical items involved in the expression of sentential negation may change over time, but the features needed remain stable. Furthermore, it is argued that the change from BUF to CF is economy-driven, resulting in bigger lexically stored trees, less spell-out-driven movements and a maximal operationalization of the Superset Principle. In addition, the account shows how negative concord and double negation can be explained as a natural consequence of the interplay of the internal structure of lexical trees and the Superset Principle. Finally, the chapter adds to theoretical discussions within nanosyntax by presenting how the interaction between syntactic movement and spell-out-driven movement may be conceived of.

scholarly journals Panelists, Arbitrators, Judges: A Response to Joost Pauwelyn

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Sacerdoti
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Over Time

I must state from the outset that I am not convinced that an analysis like the one conducted by Joost Pauwelyn, though valuable from a statistical and quantitative point of view, is really apt to explain the different functioning of legal institutions, their efficiency in term of results achieved in relation to objectives, the satisfaction of the various group of users and the reasons for their being subjected to criticism. The different architecture of the trade and investment systems reflects different constituencies, objectives and needs. Praise and criticism come from different groups of users and nonusers, and they change over time due to changing perceptions, objectives, and interests.

What's mine is yours: Stable variation and language change in Ancient Egyptian possessive constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-660
Author(s):  
Shayna Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
Stable Variation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractVariation is described as two or more variants competing for finite resources. In this model, two outcomes are possible: language change or specialization. Specialization can be broken down further: specialization for different functions, and partial specialization – stable variation. In this paper, I analyze the differences between stable variation and language change using the two variables present in Ancient Egyptian possessive constructions. Observing four Egyptian possessive variants, split into two groups with two variants each – clitic possessor variants and full nominal possessor variants – for a total of 2251 tokens, I compare factors affecting variant choice in each possessive group. Results of distributional and multivariate analyses indicate that a) change over time occurs in clitic possession, while stable variation occurs with noun variants; and b) different kinds of factors govern the two sets: the continuous variable phrase complexity affects variant choice in nominal possession, but does not affect the clitic variants.

Gender and language change in Old Norse sentential negatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam Blaxter
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Historical Societies ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractOne consistent finding across sociolinguistic studies is the tendency for female speakers to lead in ongoing change. Different explanations have been proposed for this and a key method of testing these explanations is to identify whether the pattern occurs in the languages of a wider range of societies than have been studied thus far. Historical societies are relatively understudied in this regard, but undertaking variationist research into gender in historical varieties presents many challenges. One way to overcome these is to examine variation internal to fiction data. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of gender on the adverb selected for sentential negation in Old Norse prose fiction. It finds that female characters lead consistently in this change over time. In doing so, it demonstrates the feasibility of using fiction data when examining the effect of gender in historical varieties such as Old Norse.

Cumulative Stress and Cumulative Inertia: A Behavioral Model of the Decision to Move

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J O Huff ◽  
W A V Clark
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Independent Trials

A model of the probability of moving which incorporates aspects of the independent-trials process, the stage in the life cycle, and the concept of cumulative inertia is formulated. The model is based on the interaction of two forces. On the one hand there is a certain resistance to moving (cumulative inertia) and on the other the household may be dissatisfied with certain attributes of the present dwelling and its surroundings (residential stress). The probability of moving is a function of the resultant of these two conflicting forces. The model is designed not only to predict who will move (those individuals with high residential stress relative to their resistance to moving), but also to predict how an individual's probability of moving is likely to change over time. Some simple and limited simulations suggest that the model will capture rather well the different kinds of mobility rates which are observed from empirical data sets.

16. Sensing, Minding, and Creating

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
John Grim
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Over Time

Drawing on the wisdom of indigenous traditions and the world’s religions, John Grim proposes a triad for understanding the world without separating nature from culture. All things exhibit capacities for external interaction (sensing) and an inner patterning or consciousness (minding), and those external and internal facets change over time as novel conditions arise (creating). The emergence of life from matter and of humans from other life forms can be understood as an explication of the dynamics of sensing, minding, and creating inherent in the universe.

Boniface I, Augustine, and the Translation of Honorius to Caesarea Mauretaniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D. Dunn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
African Churches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Over Time

Augustine’s Epistulae 23A*, 23*, and 22*, written in late 419 and early 420, present his involvement in the dispute concerning the translation of Honorius to Caesarea Mauretaniae (modern Cherchell), a city Augustine had visited in September 418 while fulfilling a commission from Zosimus of Rome. The translation of bishops from one church to another had been condemned by the 325 Council of Nicaea. The three letters are difficult to interpret because the information to his three correspondents (Possidius of Calama, Renatus, a monk of Caesarea Mauretaniae, and Alypius of Thagaste, who was in Italy at the time) seems to differ. A careful reading reveals that not only did Augustine’s knowledge of the situation change over time, but that the stress he placed on differing elements of that situation also changed depending upon the correspondent. The letters also disclose the involvement of Boniface I of Rome, Zosimus’ successor, and the complex relationship of the African churches with the bishop of Rome, especially in the matter of judicial appeal. What is suggested here is that Augustine, without saying so, seemed to be aware of the criteria Boniface had employed in another translation controversy, which was the approved translation of Perigenes as bishop of Corinth, and that, if applied to Honorius, this would lead the Roman bishop to reach a very different conclusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document