scholarly journals The Productive Efficiency of Science and Technology Worldwide: A Frontier Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Gustavo Ferro ◽  
Carlos A. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Codified Knowledge ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
The One ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Patented Inventions

We are interested in how codified knowledge is produced around the globe (which inputs are used to produce scientific articles and patented inventions) and the efficiency of the process (how do the best performers produce more with the same inputs or produce the same with less inputs). Using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency frontier approach, we aim to determine which countries are more efficient at producing codified knowledge. We proxy knowledge production by publications and patents, obtained through human (researchers) and non-human (R&D expenditure) resources. We built a 15-year database with more than 800 observations of these and other variables. Our findings enable us to distinguish efficiency by country, geographical region, and income area. We run four different specifications and correlate the results with partial productivity indexes seeking consistency. Under constant returns to scale, the most traditional producers of knowledge are not fully efficient. Instead, small countries with limited resources appear to be efficient. When we add environmental conditions, both sets of countries are efficient producers of knowledge outputs. High-income regions, on the one hand, and East Asia, North America, and Europe and Central Asia, on the other, are the most efficient regions at producing knowledge.

scholarly journals Avaliação da eficiência dos programas de economia no país contemplados com o Proex e o Proap

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-364
Author(s):  
Alice Maria Falquetto ◽  
Milene Takasago ◽  
Carlos Rosano Peña ◽  
Luiz Medeiros de Araújo Neto ◽  
Isabel Cristina Henriques Sales
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Network Dea ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Resumo: Neste artigo propõe-se avaliar a eficiência produtiva dos programas de pós-graduação em economia beneficiados pelas políticas públicas do Programa de Excelência Acadêmica (Proex) e do Programa de Apoio à Pós-graduação (Proap). Foram analisados 34 programas acadêmicos de economia referentes à avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) no período de 2010 a 2012. O instrumento para o cálculo da eficiência foi obtido por meio do método de análise envoltória de dados Data Envolopment Analysis (DEA) em três estágios, denominado network DEA, com retornos constantes de escala Constant Returns to Scale (CRS), orientada ao produto, modelo introduzido por Charnes, Cooper e Rhodes (1978). No primeiro estágio, cinco programas alcançaram a eficiência nas matrículas em relação ao número de professores e ao custeio recebido da Capes. Em relação às taxas de titulações e participações em eventos, variáveis do segundo estágio, também cinco programas obtiveram êxito. No terceiro estágio, que analisou a eficiência quanto às publicações nos artigos e capítulos de livros ponderados pelo peso Capes, sete programas atingiram a eficiência. Dos programas eficientes, que oferecem simultaneamente os cursos de mestrado e doutorado, quatro se situam no primeiro estágio, quatro no segundo e três no último estágio. Os demais ofertavam somente o nível de mestrado. Verifica-se que, de acordo com os inputs e outputs adotados, todos os programas eficientes nos três estágios analisados pertencem ao Proap. Vale destacar que o modelo DEA é um método determinístico, e, dessa maneira, a avaliação do desempenho dos programas torna-se mais objetiva.Palavras-chave: Política pública. Capes. Proex. Proap. Eficiência. DEA. Efficiency assessment of economic programs in the Country contemplated with Proex and Proap Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the productive efficiency of post-graduate programs, more particularly the referred programs in the economics field benefited by public policies from the Program of Academic Excellence (Proex) and Postgraduate Support Program (Proap). A total of 34 academic economics programs were analyzed regarding the evaluation of the Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) in the period from 2010 to 2012. The instrument used for the calculation of the efficiency was conceived using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in three stages, denominated network DEA, with Constant Returns to Scale (CRS), product oriented, this model was originally introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978). In the first stage, five programs achieved efficiency in registrations in relation to the number of teachers and funding received from Capes. Regarding the graduation rates and participation in events, variables of the second stage, five programs were also successful. In the third stage, which analyzed the efficiency of publications in articles and chapters of books measured by Capes weights, seven programs achieved expected efficiency. Of the efficient programs, which simultaneously offer master's and doctoral courses, four are in the first stage; four in the second stage; and three of them in the last stage. The others only offer the masters level. It is noted that, according to the inputs and outputs adopted, all the efficient programs in the three stages analyzed belong to Proap. It is worth mentioning that the DEA model is a deterministic method and, in this way, the performance evaluation of the programs becomes more objective.Keywords: Public policy. Capes. Proex. Proap. Efficiency. DEA.

scholarly journals Does Farm Size and Specialization Matter for Productive Efficiency? Results from Kansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin W. Mugera ◽  
Michael R. Langemeier
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Analysis Techniques

In this article, we used bootstrap data envelopment analysis techniques to examine technical and scale efficiency scores for a balanced panel of 564 farms in Kansas for the period 1993–2007. The production technology is estimated under three different assumptions of returns to scale and the results are compared. Technical and scale efficiency is disaggregated by farm size and specialization. Our results suggest that farms are both scale and technically inefficient. On average, technical efficiency has deteriorated over the sample period. Technical efficiency varies directly by farm size and the differences are significant. Differences across farm specializations are not significant.

Equilibrium with Constant Returns

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Balasko
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Convex Cone ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Price System ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
The One ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Privately Owned

This chapter analyzes an equilibrium model where privately owned firms feature either smooth decreasing or constant returns to scale. Profit of the constant returns to scale firms being equal to zero at equilibrium, the equilibrium of the model does not depend on the ownership structure of these firms. In addition, the convex conical production sets of these firms sum up into a convex cone. It is as if the production sector operating under constant returns consists of a unique firm. The general equilibrium model with decreasing and constant returns to scale firms is essentially the same model as the one considered in Chapter 10 with the addition of a unique firm operating under constant returns to scale. Nevertheless, this addition is enough to hamstring the approach of the preceding chapters based on the concept of price system that equates aggregate supply and demand. The solution is to add to that price system the activity of the constant returns to scale firm.

scholarly journals Applying data envelopment analysis to operating performance in textile industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hui Ho
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Abstract Operating performance could affect the survival and future development of a business that both businesses and business managers would devote to the enhancement of operating performance. Having developed for more than four decades, the consistent upstream, mid-stream and downstream system have been constructed in domestic textile industry. The output value of textiles in Taiwan has exceeded 480 billion NT dollars, which is not a sunset industry, as generally described. The impacts of high labour cost, environmental protection measures and changes of capital market as well as the competition of emerging countries, particularly Mainland China, have made textile industry in Taiwan face great market competition and pressure. Since textiles are regarded as one of the major products in Taiwan, the operating performance could affect the survival of the overall industry. In this case, operating performance survey of textile manufacturers in Taiwan during 2010–2012 is combined with Data Envelopment Analysis and Slack Variable Analysis to measure the total efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of top 12 textile manufacturers in Taiwan, tending to provide the reference of operating efficiency improvement for the manufacturers. The empirical results show that the overall efficiency in the 3 years appears 0.89 averagely. The relative efficiency (1) between two manufacturers, Far Eastern New Century and Ruentex Industries, achieves the optimal operating efficiency, whereas the remaining 10 are comparatively worse. Regarding the analysis of returns to scale, two textile manufacturers present constant returns to scale, with the optimal operating efficiency, whereas the remaining 10 show increasing returns to scale, revealing that expanding the scale could enhance the marginal return and further promote the efficiency.

scholarly journals Influence of Constant Returns to Scale and Variable Returns to Scale Data Envelopment Analysis Models in ICT Infrastructure Efficiency Utilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-181
Author(s):  
Yinka Oyerinde ◽  
Felix Bankole
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

A lot of research has been done using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure efficiency in Education. DEA has also been used in the field of Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) to investigate and measure the efficiency of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments on Human Development. Education is one of the major components of the Human Development Index (HDI) which affects the core of Human Development. This research investigates the relative efficiency of ICT Infrastructure Utilization on the educational component of the HDI in order to determine the viability of Learning Analytics using DEA for policy direction and decision making. A conceptual model taking the form of a Linear Equation was used and the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) models of the Data Envelopment Analysis were employed to measure the relative efficiency of the components of ICT Infrastructure (Inputs) and the components of Education (Outputs). Results show a generally high relative efficiency of ICT Infrastructure utilization on Educational Attainment and Adult Literacy rates, a strong correlation between this Infrastructure and Literacy rates as well, provide an empirical support for the argument of increasing ICT infrastructure to provide an increase in Human Development, especially within the educational context. The research concludes that DEA as a methodology can be used for macroeconomic decision making and policy direction within developmental research.

scholarly journals Productivity Benchmarking Using Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Mazumder ◽  
Golam Kabir ◽  
M. Hasin ◽  
Syed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Apparel Manufacturing ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Dea Approach ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Measuring productivity is the systematic process for both inter- and intra-organizational comparisons. The productivity measurement can be used to control and facilitate decision-making in manufacturing as well as service organizations. This study’s objective was to develop a decision support framework by integrating an analytic network process (ANP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to tackling productivity measurement and benchmarking problems in a manufacturing environment. The ANP was used to capture the interdependency between the criteria taking into consideration the ambiguity and vagueness. The nonparametric DEA approach was utilized to determine the input-oriented constant returns to scale (CRS) efficiency of different value-adding production units and to benchmark them. The proposed framework was implemented to benchmark the productivity of an apparel manufacturing company. By applying the model, industrial managers can gain benefits by identifying the possible contributing factors that play an important role in increasing the productivity of manufacturing organizations.

scholarly journals Pengukuran Efisiensi Kinerja Sekolah Dasar lewat Model Data Envelopment Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
Umi Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
Crs Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This study aims to measure the performance efficiency of elementary schools in Special Capital Region of Jakarta, especially Central Jakarta district in the period 2014/2015 by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. DEA is a non-parametric method to measure efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). DEA compares several homogeneous DMUs based on a number of inputs to produce the expected outputs. This study uses descriptive method using DMU as many as 103 public elementary schools that are A-accredited with three inputs and four outputs. Data is analyzed using DEAP version 2.1 application by comparing CRS (Constant Returns to Scale) model and VRS (Variable Returns to Scale) model. Results show that: 1) in CRS model, there are 8 public elementary schools (7.77 percent) have efficient performances while in VRS model there are 14 public elementary schools (13.59 percent) have efficient performances; 2) VRS model is better than CRS model in measuring the efficiency performance of public elementary schools in Central Jakarta.

Technical Efficiency Through Innovative Methods and Estimations in Financial Markets

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Kokkinou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Non Parametric

This paper investigates technical efficiency estimation in financial markets, using both parametric and non-parametric techniques: parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach or non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This chapter focuses on reviewing the stochastic frontier analysis literature regarding estimating inefficiency in financial markets level, as well as explaining producer heterogeneity along with the relationships with productive efficiency level. This chapter investigates technical efficiency estimation in financial markets, using both parametric and non-parametric techniques: parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach or non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). More specifically, this chapter focuses on reviewing the stochastic frontier analysis literature regarding estimating inefficiency, its industrial level, as well as explaining producer heterogeneity along with the relationships with productive efficiency level.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of Public Transportation Subunits Using DEA and Bootstrap Approaches -- Dakar Dem Dikk Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumar Sow ◽  
Amar Oukil ◽  
Babacar M. Ndiaye ◽  
Aboubacar Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Bootstrap Approach ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Transportation is a sector which plays an important role in the process of development of countries around the world. A crucial step in transportation planning process is the measure of the efficiency of transportation systems in order to guarantee the desired service. This paper investigates the relative efficiencies of lines of the main public transportation company Dakar Dem Dikk (DDD)\footnote{\textit{Dem Dikk} meaning \guillemotleft Go-Return\guillemotright} in Dakar (Senegal). The objective is to apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and bootstrapping approaches in order to identify opportunities for improvement. In this study, we examine technical efficiency for the 24 lines of DDD using Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) DEA output oriented models. We apply bootstrap approach for bias correction and for confidence intervals creation of our estimates. Finally, we examine the returns to scale characterization of lines. The results establish that there exist possibilities for improvement for the lines and also shown that there are potential for restructure for some lines.

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