scholarly journals Identification of novel erythromycin derivatives in mother liquor concentrates of Streptomyces erythraeus.

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISAAC O. KIBWAGE ◽  
GERARD JANSSEN ◽  
ROGER BUSSON ◽  
Jos HOOGMARTENS ◽  
HUBERT VANDERHAEGHE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother Liquor

Mathematical modelling of salt purification by recrystallization. Countercurrent arrangement

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488
Author(s):  
Benitto Mayrhofer ◽  
Jana Mayrhoferová ◽  
Lubomír Neužil ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Limiting Case

The paper presents a simple model of recrystallization with countercurrent flows of the solution and the crystals being purified. The model assumes steady-state operating conditions, an equilibrium between the outlet streams of each stage, and the same equilibrium temperature and distribution coefficient for all stages. With these assumptions, the model provides the basis for analyzing the variation in the degree of purity as a function of the number of recrystallization stages. The analysis is facilitated by the use of a diagram constructed for the limiting case of perfect removal of the mother liquor from the crystals between the stages.

Lactose mother liquor stream valorisation using electrodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 105102
Author(s):  
Arthur Merkel ◽  
Matej Vavro ◽  
Martin Ondrušek ◽  
Daria Voropaeva ◽  
Andrey Yaroslavtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother Liquor

scholarly journals Successive Crystallization of Organically Templated Uranyl Sulfates: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [pyH](H3O)[(UO2)3(SO4)4(H2O)2], [pyH]2[(UO2)6(SO4)7(H2O)], and [pyH]2[(UO2)2(SO4)3]

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Nazarchuk ◽  
Dmitri O. Charkin ◽  
Oleg I. Siidra
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Hydration Water ◽  
Isothermal Evaporation ◽  
Pyridinium Cations

Three new uranyl sulfates, [pyH](H3O)[(UO2)3(SO4)4(H2O)2] (1), [pyH]2[(UO2)6(SO4)7(H2O)] (2), and [pyH]2[(UO2)2(SO4)3] (3), were produced upon hydrothermal treatment and successive isothermal evaporation. 1 is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 14.3640(13), b = 10.0910(9), c = 18.8690(17) Å, β = 107.795(2), V = 2604.2(4) Å3, R1 = 0.038; 2 is orthorhombic, C2221, a = 10.1992(8), b = 18.5215(14), c = 22.7187(17) Å, V = 4291.7(6) Å3, R1 = 0.030; 3 is orthorhombic, Pccn, a = 9.7998(8), b = 10.0768(8), c = 20.947(2) Å, V = 2068.5(3) Å3, R1 = 0.055. In the structures of 1 and 2, the uranium polyhedra and SO4 tetrahedra share vertices to form ∞3[(UO2)3(SO4)4(H2O)2]2− and ∞3[(UO2)6(SO4)7(H2O)]2− frameworks featuring channels (12.2 × 6.7 Å in 1 and 12.9 × 6.5 Å in 2), which are occupied by pyridinium cations. The structure of 3 is comprised of ∞2[(UO2)2(SO4)3]2− layers linked by hydrogen bonds donated by pyridinium cations. The compounds 1–3 are formed during recrystallization processes, in which the evaporation of mother liquor leads to a stepwise loss of hydration water.

Inclusion of mother liquor inside KDP crystals in a continuous MSMPR crystallizer

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Miki ◽  
Tomonobu Terashima ◽  
Yusuke Asakuma ◽  
Kouji Maeda ◽  
Keisuke Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Kdp Crystals

scholarly journals Calcium(II)-mediated resolution of methyl o-chloromandelate with chiral O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid in preparative scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Hong-Wu Xu ◽  
Li-Huan Wu ◽  
Qiang Ren ◽  
Cui-Yu Liu ◽  
Guan-Qing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Mixed Ligands ◽  
Excess Value ◽  
Optically Pure

Abstract We report here the coordination-mediated resolution of methyl o-chloromandelate, which is a key intermediate for clopidogrel, in preparative scale. The reaction of CaO, optically pure (2R, 3R)-O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid, and methyl o-chloromandelate in ethanol solution afforded a mixed-ligands calcium(II) complex that was further purified by stirring of the crystals in hot methanol. Methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate was obtained in good enantiomeric excess value (>99.5%) and yield (71%) by treatment of the complex with acid. At the same time, (2R, 3R)-O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid was recovered in 72% yield. In addition, methyl (S)-o-chloromandelate was obtained in good enantiomeric excess value (>99.5%) and yield (73%) by recovery from the mother liquor and resolution with the same procedure for methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate, except that (2S, 3S)-O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid was used as the resolving reagent.

scholarly journals Integrated process for potassium sulfate and a mixture Of ammonium chloride/potassium sulfate salts production

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.8) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
Evaporation Stage

Relatively pure and coarse crystalline potassium sulfate of about 52 wt % K2O content and almost chlorine free has been obtained by reacting commercial potassium chloride and commercial ammonium sulfate in a stirred tank reactor at moderately low temperature. To increase the yield of potassium sulfate to a reasonable value, an evaporation stage located between the reactor and the crystallizer is used. The main steps of the production process include dissolution, reaction, evaporation, crystallization, centrifuging, drying, and then cooling. It is found that the best operating parameters to produce potassium sulfate of good quality, quantity, and crystal size are 1:1 as KCl/ (NH4)2SO4 mole ratio, 60 ºC reaction temperature, 1 hour reaction time, about one third of the total water used in the dissolution step is to be evaporated, 10 ºC crystallization temperature, 1 hour crystallization time, and 160 and 60 rpm agitation speeds in the reactor and the crystallizer respectively. Applying these operating conditions, a potassium sulfate yield of about 78 % can be achieved. Also, a fully soluble complex salt as a mixture of ammonium chloride and potassium sulfate is obtained by further treatment of the mother liquor. Further concentration of the mother liquor by further water evaporation of about 40 wt % and then crystallization of the slurry at 25 oC can recover up to about 60 wt % of the remaining solid in the mother liquor as a complex salt. The total yield of potassium sulfate is found to be about 95 wt % and the whole value of the solid product obtained is about 79 wt %.

scholarly journals On the Salt-Solutions in Microscopic Cavities in Granites

1941 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Harald Faber
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Combined Action

Microscopic cavities were observed by Davy in 1822 and by Brewster in 1826 in various crystals of minerals and were more thoroughly studied by H. C. Sorby (J) who in 1858 from his observations drew certain conclusions as to the origin of minerals and rocks. Sorby examined first the microscopic structure of crystals which he had made under different conditions from solutions of various salts. The crystals contained microscopic cavities which were sometimes filled with a liquid, viz. that from which the crystals had been formed, the mother-liquor. If the crystals were formed at an elevated temperature the liquid enclosed in the cavities would contract when cooled and formed what looked like air bubbles. If the crystals were heated, the liquid would expand and would again fill the cavities. Some crystals would contain real air-bubbles or crystals of other salts; and all this as natural consequences of the varying conditions under which the crystals had been formed. Sorby then examined the crystals of minerals and found in them, and particularly in quartz in rocks, similar phenomena as those observed in the artificial crystals and therefrom drew his conclusions as to the origin of the minerals. In the sixth chapter he deals with minerals and rocks formed by combined action of heat and water, and he speaks particularly about the formation of granite.

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