scholarly journals Provisions of the Damages Directive on Limitation Periods and their Implementation in CEE Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-175
Author(s):  
Ana Vlahek ◽  
Klemen Podobnik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Limitation Periods

The article analyses the provisions on limitation of antitrust damages actions set out in Directive 2014/104/EU on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union. It presents (draft) implementing legislation of CEE countries from the perspective of their general rules on limitation, and the problems the Member States have faced in the process of transposing the Directive into their national legal systems. Within that, focus is placed upon the analysis of the types of limitation periods, their length and their suspension or interruption. In addition, the authors present the effects of the new limitation regime on the balance between the interests of the claimants and of the defendants, as well as on the relation between public and private antitrust enforcement.

scholarly journals Quantification of Harm and the Damages Directive: Implementation in CEE Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Valentinas Mikelėnas ◽  
Rasa Zaščiurinskaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
National Courts ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Full Compensation

Quantification of harm is regarded as one of the most significant obstacles for the full compensation of harm and development of private enforcement within the European Union, including CEE Member States. Consequently, the Damages Directive establishes general rules and requirements for the quantification of harm, such as a rebuttable presumption of harm in case of cartels, the power of national courts to estimate harm as well as others, which closely interact with the principle of full compensation emphasized by the case-law of the European Union and directly established in the Damages Directive. The main focus of this paper is the effectiveness of the rules on the quantification of harm in general, and how these rules will contribute to the development of private antitrust enforcement in CEE Member States. Therefore, one of the issues to be discussed in the paper is the analysis of how, and to what extent specific rules and requirements for the quantification of harm have been transposed into the national legislation of CEE Member States. As certain CEE national jurisdictions have had certain rules for the quantification of harm already before the implementation of the Damages Directive, the paper analyses how effective these rules have been, and how much they have contributed to the development of private antitrust enforcement of those CEE national jurisdictions. Previous experience of those CEE Member States in applying specific rules for the quantification of harm is important, in order to assess the possible impact of the newly introduced rules on the quantification of harm and on private antitrust enforcement in general in other CEE Member States. The rules for the quantification of harm will not enhance private antitrust enforcement on their own, however, their effective application by national courts together with other rules under the Damages Directive should contribute to a quicker development of private enforcement in CEE Members States.

General Overview of Private Damages Claims

De Jure ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Mateina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
General Overview

This article aims to provide a general overview of the regime of claims for private damages caused by breaches of competition law. The possibility for private damages claims existed even prior the adoption of the Directive 2014/104/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 November 2014 on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union. Nevertheless, these claims were not popular among the business, even when the Commission for Protection of competition established breaches and imposed sanctions for breach of competition. With the transposition of the directive in the Bulgarian Competition Protection Act, an increased interest towards private damages claims is expected.

1. Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Margot Horspool ◽  
Matthew Humphreys ◽  
Michael Wells-Greco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter traces the development of the European Union. Since its inception in 1952, the EU has matured and developed from a Community of like-minded states into a Union of a greater diversity of states, with a comprehensive legal system which is increasingly penetrating the national legal systems of Member States. From the six original members, the EU now counts 27 Member States. Eleven of the thirteen newer Member States are in Central and Eastern Europe, and have discarded their old Communist regimes, turning into democracies with the qualifications to join the Union. The latest developments and changes, including Brexit and the effects of Covid-19, are also discussed.

scholarly journals CARTEL AGREEMENTS

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1(53)) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Paata Phutkaradze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Union Competition

This article points out the aim and purpose of the competition law in the European Union. Competition law is one of the most crucial and essential part of law that has to be implemented properly to support and ensure smooth functioning of the economy in the state. At the same time, brief explanation of the most anticompetitive agreements such as called “Cartel Agreements” are being described in the article. It is worth to point out the most important and restrictive types of agreements in details that can be seen on the market and within the European Union, that definitely needs special attention by the relevant competition authorities of the Member States.

1. Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Horspool ◽  
Matthew Humphreys ◽  
Michael Wells-Greco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter traces the development of the European Union. Since its inception in 1952 the EU has matured and developed from a Community of like-minded States into a Union of a greater diversity of states, with a comprehensive legal system which is increasingly penetrating the national legal systems of Member States. From the six original members, the EU now counts 28 Member States, after Croatia’s recent accession. Eleven of the thirteen States which have joined in the last decade are in Central and Eastern Europe and have discarded their old Communist regimes, turning into democracies with the qualifications to join the Union.

scholarly journals La anulación total o parcial de los actos legislativos comunitarios por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea = The partial or total invalidity of the European Union acts

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Carlos Ortega Santiago
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice

El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea actúa como una jurisdicción constitucional cuando controla la nulidad y la invalidez de los actos legislativos comunitarios. No obstante, la competencia del Tribunal de Justicia para declarar la nulidad parcial o total de esos actos no ha sido delimitada en los Tratados, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en los ordenamientos de los Estados miembros en relación con sus tribunales constitucionales, y ha sido definida de forma poco satisfactoria en la propia jurisprudencia del Tribunal sobre la materia. Por este motivo, se propone una reformulación de esa jurisprudencia que incida en la definición de criterios específicos para la nulidad parcial de los actos legislativos, que tenga en cuenta la intención del legislador de establecer la separabilidad o no de las partes de dichos actos, y que excluya el entendimiento de la no separabilidad de las cláusulas impugnadas de un acto legislativo como una causa de inadmisibilidad del recurso.The Court of Justice of the European Union acts as a constitutional jurisdiction reviewing European legislative acts. However, the competence of the Courtto declare the partial or total invalidity of such acts has not been defined in the Treaties, unlike it happens in the legal systems of the Member States relating to their constitutional courts, and that competence has been unsatisfactorily defined in the Court of Justice jurisprudence on that subject. Therefore,in this article it is proposed a reformulation of that jurisprudence, defining specific criteria for partial annulment of legislative acts, taking into account the intention of the legislature to establish the severability or non-severability of the acts, and excluding the understanding of the inseverability of a legislative act provision as a dismissing action’s cause.

scholarly journals Harmonising Accessibility in the EU Single Market: Challenges for Making the European Accessibility Act Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Anna Katarzyna Drabarz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
The Eu

In the last decade, accessibility has become a buzzword not only among actors of the civil society advocating for the rights of persons with disabilities but also among the legislators in the European Union. The EU has adopted a series of binding regulations aiming at approximating the common understanding of accessibility and Member States’ approach to operationalising the right. Being part of EU harmonised law, the European Accessibility Act has already been considered a milestone in the process. The choice of an approach / approaches will decide about a success of its transposition into Member States legal systems.

Competition law post-Brexit

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Merger Control ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Enforcement ◽  
Future Work

The end of the Transition Period following the UK's exit from the European Union and COVID-19 are major catalysts for the Competition and Markets Authority's future work, including in the fields of merger control and antitrust enforcement. This article considers how these, and other events, will influence the CMA's work, including the establishment of the Digital Markets Unit and the Office for the Internal Market, enforcement priorities and international cooperation.

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