scholarly journals Acute viral bronchiolitis in South Africa: Viral aetiology and clinical epidemiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie A White ◽  
Shabir A Madhi ◽  
Prakash A Jeena ◽  
Heather J Zar ◽  
Brenda M Morrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Viral Aetiology ◽  
Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

scholarly journals Acute viral bronchiolitis in South Africa: Diagnostic flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie A White ◽  
Heather J Zar ◽  
Shabir A Madhi ◽  
Prakash Jeena ◽  
Brenda Morrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

scholarly journals Acute viral bronchiolitis in South Africa: Strategies for management and prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J Zar ◽  
Shabir A Madhi ◽  
Debbie A White ◽  
Refiloe Masekela ◽  
Samuel Risenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

scholarly journals Mixed Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Infants Attending Clinics in the North-West Province of South Africa: Potential for Sub-Optimal Treatment

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Martina O. Chukwu ◽  
Akebe Luther King Abia ◽  
Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa ◽  
John Barr Dewar ◽  
C.L. Obi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
North West ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Viral Aetiology ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Routine diagnostic methods for the aetiologic agents of diarrhoea in most developing countries are usually not sensitive enough, leading to under-diagnosis. Thus, this study investigated possible mixed diarrhoeal aetiology by using cultures and real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) in children younger than four years old in the Northwest Province, South Africa. In total, 505 stool samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic children who were attending three clinics and the Brits hospital in Madibeng District, between September 2016 and December 2017. Rotavirus, norovirus, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were targeted. Campylobacter spp. (24.6%), Arcobacter (15.8%) and DEC (19.6%) were detected using PCR; only Campylobacter spp. (29.7%) and DEC (26.9%) were detected through the culture. Campylobacter jejuni (36%), Campylobacter coli (28%), Campylobacter upsalensis (12%), and Arcobacter butzleri (15.8%) were the only spp. of Campylobacter and Arcobacter identified. The eaeA gene (31.4%) of enteropathogenic E. coli/enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC/EHEC) was the most prevalent DEC virulence gene (VG) identified. Rotavirus and norovirus were detected at 23.4% and 20%, respectively. Mixed viral aetiology (7.3%) and the co-infection of A. butzleri and Campylobacter (49%) were recorded. A mixed bacterial-viral aetiology was observed in 0.6% of the specimens. Sensitive diagnostic procedures like PCR should be considered to provide the best treatment to children experiencing diarrhoea.

scholarly journals The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nontombi Marylucy Mbelle ◽  
Charles Feldman ◽  
John Osei Sekyere ◽  
Nontuthuko Excellent Maningi ◽  
Lesedi Modipane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Animal Strains ◽  
Plasmid Replicons

Abstract Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli is a common occurrence in food, clinical, community and environmental settings worldwide. The resistome, mobilome, virulome and phylogenomics of 20 multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical E. coli isolates collected in 2013 from Pretoria, South Africa, were characterised. The isolates were all extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, harbouring CTX-M (n = 16; 80%), TEM-1B (n = 10; 50%) and OXA (n = 12, 60%) β-lactamases alongside genes mediating resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines etc. Most resistance determinants were found on contigs containing IncF plasmid replicons and bracketed by composite transposons (Tn3), diverse ISs and class 1 integrons (In13, In54, In369, and In467). Gene cassettes such as blaOXA,dfrA5-psp-aadA2-cmlA1a-aadA1-qac and estX3-psp-aadA2-cmlA1a-aadA1a-qac were encompassed by Tn3 and ISs; several isolates had same or highly similar genomic antibiotic resistance islands. ST131 (n = 10), ST617 (n = 2) and singletons of ST10, ST73, ST95, ST410, ST648, ST665, ST744 and ST998 clones were phylogenetically related to clinical (human and animal) strains from Egypt, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and UK. A rich repertoire of virulence genes, including iss, gad and iha were identified. MDR E. coli harbouring chromosomal and plasmid-borne resistance genes in same and multiple clones exist in South Africa, which is very worrying for clinical epidemiology and infectious diseases management.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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