scholarly journals "Memorization and Memorialization: 'The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna' "

2009 ◽  
pp. 0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Robson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Case ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Good Proportion ◽  
John Moore

Abstract This article addresses the rubric of "memory and materiality" by considering how works of literature held within individual minds might have contributed to material changes in the world at large. For a good proportion of both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the most important relationship between literature and millions of English-speaking people was created by one particular pedagogical regimen: the memorization and recitation of short poetic pieces. I take as my test case a single work from the schoolroom canon—Charles Wolfe's 1817 poem, "The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna"—and examine the various ways in which lines and phrases from these verses were explicitly or implicitly cited by people caught up in the bloody turmoil of the American Civil War, the conflict which first witnessed the widespread development of state-sponsored practices to commemorate the corpses of common soldiers. I argue here that the presence of Wolfe's poem in the minds of ordinary individuals played its part in creating the social expectations that led to the establishment of the National Cemeteries in the United States, and thus, in due course, the mass memorialization of World War I.

Charles Wolfe, “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna”

Heart Beats ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Robson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
John Moore

This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic wars, was repeatedly quoted by soldiers and other individuals during the American Civil War when they found themselves having to organize, or witness, the burials of dead comrades. In recent years, cultural historians of Great Britain have tried to account for the massive shift in burial and memorial practices for the common soldier that occurred between 1815 and 1915. The chapter argues that the presence of Wolfe's poem in the hearts and minds of ordinary people played its part in creating the social expectations that led to the establishment of the National Cemeteries in the United States, and thus, in due course, the mass memorialization of World War I.

Quite Like Ourselves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Archer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
New World ◽  
Military Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
American Interest ◽  
English Speaking

In the United States, there was substantial opposition to entering World War I, and yet conscription was introduced more quickly than in any other English-speaking country. In Australia, opposition to entry was minimal, but opposition to conscription was so great that its introduction was blocked. The period before US entry into the war also saw an unusual surge of American interest in Australian social experiments—including experiments with Compulsory Industrial Arbitration and Compulsory Military Training—which reached a peak in the wake of a unique Australian referendum on conscription. This essay examines the extent of this surge of transnational interest, the reason for it, and its possible effects, before considering why the outcome of the conflict over conscription was so different in these two similar historically liberal New World societies.

Rulers of the Ruhr: Leadership and Authority in German Big Business Before 1914

1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Glovka Spencer
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Professional Management ◽  
The Social

The rise of heavy industry and its managerial elite in the German Empire and in the United States provides stimuhting parallels and contrasts. Professor Spencer discusses the social constraints under which a professional management class developed in the German coal, iron, and steel industry during the generation before World War I. Ranking distinctly below the landed aristocracy and the governmental bureaucracy (both of which they would gladly have emulated), and preoccupied with the maintenance of order in the midst of rapid economic and social change, German managers used their power and influence to sustain and manipulate existing systems of authority, and came to play no broader role in the development of their commonwealth than did their American counterparts.

Philanthropy and the Jewish Diaspora in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 603-621
Author(s):  
Zohar Segev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
World War ◽  
East European ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
The World ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

The rise of nationalism in Europe, the mass migration to the United States, and the dramatic transformations in the world following World War I were accompanied by an ongoing deterioration in the position of East European Jewry and led to changes in the patterns of governance in the Jewish world. The importance of the organizations addressed in this chapter transcended their philanthropic and political activity in France, Britain, Germany, and America. This manifested in the international nature of their activity, their power to shape the various Jewish communities, and the sense of international Jewish solidarity that they nurtured through their very existence. These Jewish organizations endeavored to create a Jewish nationalism that played down elements of territorial concentration and political sovereignty, opposed the concept of rejection of the diaspora, and emphasized the moral components of Judaism.

Welfare State and Labor Mobility: The Impact of Bismarck's Social Legislation on German Emigration before World War I

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID KHOUDOUR-CASTÉRAS
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
World War ◽  
Emigration Rate ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The rapid decline of German emigration before World War I constitutes a puzzle that traditional explanations have difficulty in solving. The article shows that the social legislation implemented by Bismarck during the 1880s—the most developed at the time—played a key role in this process. Indeed, candidates for migration considered not only the gap between “direct wages” (labor earnings) in the United States and Germany, but also the differential in “indirect wages,” that is, social benefits. In that way, Bismarck's insurance system partly offset low wage rates in Germany and furthered the fall of the emigration rate.O sprecht! warum zogt ihr von dannen?Das Neckartal hat Wein und Korn;Der Schwarzwald steht voll finstrer Tannen,Im Spessart klingt des Ålplers Horn.Wie wird es in den fremden WäldernEuch nach der Heimatberge Grün,Nach Deutschlands gelben Weizenfeldern,Nach seinen Rebenhügeln ziehn!Ferdinand Freiligrath1

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Rosenow
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
World War ◽  
Common People ◽  
Attitudes Toward Death ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Accidents

This book examines the rituals of dying and the politics of death among the working class during the period 1865–1920. It considers how wageworkers and their families experienced death in the United States between the Civil War and the end of World War I by focusing on John Henry—one of the hundreds of thousands of workers who died in service to industrialization—and the lack of surviving accounts about what happened to his dead body. The book draws on case studies to investigate how workers used the rituals of death to interpret, accommodate, and resist their living and working conditions; the ways social class shaped Americans' attitudes toward death; and the social and cultural contexts that shaped interpretations of workers' deaths resulting from work accidents. The book shows how rituals of death reflected the ways that working communities articulated beliefs about family, community, and class and negotiated social relationships—how common people interpreted their roles in the industrial republic.

scholarly journals Becoming White: How Military Service Turned Immigrants into Americans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Society ◽  
Individual Participation ◽  
The U.S

When do groups on the social periphery assimilate into the social core of a nation? Building on a diverse set of literatures, I argue that individual participation in military service creates a number of conditions that drive individuals to assimilate into a broader national culture. To test the theory, I focus on the case of World War I in the United States–a period that closely followed a massive wave of immigration into the United States. Using an instrumental variables strategy leveraging the exogenous timing of the war, I show that individuals of foreign, European nativity–especially, the Italians and Eastern Europeans–were more likely to assimilate into American society after serving in the U.S. military. The theory and results contribute to our understanding of the ways in which states make identity and the prospects for immigrant assimilation in an age without mass warfare.

The Social Identity of Hosts and Patrons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter analyses inns, taverns, and public houses in their social context, exploring their organizational identity and the social positions of their owners/tenants. It examines how patrons express their class, gender, and national identity by participation in different kinds of sociality. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hostelries afforded more opportunities for cross-class sociability than in later centuries. Social mixing was facilitated because the venues fulfilled multiple economic, social, and political functions, thereby providing room for social interaction apart from communal drinking and eating. Yet, even in these earlier centuries, each type of hostelry already had a distinctive class character, shaping its organizational identity. Division along lines of class hardened, and social segregation increased in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to World War II. In the post-War era, increased democratization of society at large became reflected in easier social mixing in pubs. Despite this democratization, during the late twentieth century the dominant image of pubs as a working-class institution persisted.

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