Institutional Development to Build a Succesfull Local Collective Action in Forest Management from Arau Watershed Unit Management Area, West Sumatera

This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests.

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Differentiating mature and old-growth forests in the Upper Foothills and Subalpine Subregions of west-central Alberta

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc79602-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 602-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Luigi E Morgantini ◽

John L Kansas

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Growth Index ◽

Tree Height ◽

Tree Age ◽

Old Growth ◽

West Central ◽

Decay Class ◽

Management Area ◽

Growth Attributes ◽

Live Tree

Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. is developing harvest strategies that will maintain appropriate levels of late to very late seral stages ("old growth") in its Drayton Valley Forest Management Area. This management area encompasses 490 570 ha in the Foothills and Rocky Mountain Natural Regions of west-central Alberta. In planning for future forest landscapes, Weyerhaeuser intends to maintain a range of age structures consistent with the ecological processes characteristic of each natural region and subregion. The absence of a discrete point separating mature forest from old growth means that the age at which a stand is currently identified as "old growth" and subject to special management practices is arbitrary. In a research study initiated in the summer of 2000, we seek to understand the differences in structure and composition between forests of various ages and topographic site conditions (elevation, aspect, and slope angle). Using 95 sampling plots in a 123-km2 study area in the Upper Foothills and Subalpine Natural Subregions, we quantified vegetation structure and composition for stands ranging in age from 70 to 300 years. Variables measured and analysed included live-tree height and diameter, snag density, diameter and decay class, downed woody material volume, diameter and decay class, vascular plant species richness, sapling and regeneration density, and duff depth. An old-growth index was developed for each sampled stand that took into account multiple attributes. Preliminary results indicate that specific attributes (snag basal area and density, decay stage and density of downed woody material, variation in live-tree age, and variation in live-tree height and age) separate a younger forest from a more mature one and hence may describe "old-growth" conditions. The age of onset of these old-growth attributes is variable but appears to occur between 160 and 180 years. Key factors other than stand age that contribute to or modify the development of old-growth attributes (as measured by the old-growth index) are elevation and moisture regime (as modified by site position). Further investigation is required to more accurately assess the effect of site factors on old-growth attributes. These results are now used by Weyerhaeuser to address retention of late seral stages in long-term forest planning. Key words: old growth, mature forests, old growth protection, forest management, Alberta, Weyerhaeuser, Rocky Mountains foothills

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Refounding the African state and local self-governance: the neglected foundation

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00003438 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 487-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

James S. Wunsch

Keyword(s):

Collective Action ◽

Public Goods ◽

Local Governance ◽

African State ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Political Relationships ◽

State And Local ◽

The 1960S ◽

Rule Systems ◽

Local Leaders

The political revolution of contemporary Africa has so far largely been limited to the centre and to re-establishing the same institutional forms and processes which failed Africa in the 1960s. These regimes are already showing signs of erosion. This problem can be understood through the theory of public goods. Key collective or ‘public’ goods problems impede the collective action necessary for institutional development. Top-down strategies cannot surmount these problems because they cannot integrate and unify the population or structure consensual and sustained collective action.As currently constituted, national levels of government in Africa will be poor partners with local communities in development, be it of democracy or of the economy. In many cases, national regimes only exist at all because minimal contributing sets or political monopolists controlled, were given, or mobilised the resources to establish constituting rule systems which they used to sustain their existing relative advantages during the break-up of imperial systems. As this advantage is usually at the expense of the majority which lives outside the capitals, resources and policies to improve these areas are slow in coming. The slow, bottom-up process by which a true public constitution is built, one which reflects and elaborates generally held values, is built on existing political relationships, and protects social diversity, has never been allowed to develop.Refounding the African state must resolve these problems if it is to succeed. Ethnically and religiously diverse peoples will rule themselves better under federal and consociational systems which give local leaders space to lead local institutional development, authority to play a role in national governance, a process to develop consensus on central policy and to check the centre when there is no consensus. This requires a foundation of viable, real, developed structures of local governance if it is to succeed.

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Helping to self-help? External interventions to stimulate local collective action in Joint Forest Management, Maharashtra, India

International Forestry Review ◽

10.1505/146554813805927246 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Barnes ◽

F. Van Laerhoven

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Collective Action ◽

Joint Forest Management ◽

Self Help ◽

External Interventions

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Indigenous Bamboo and Resource Management in Kenya’s Aberdare Forests and Rural Communities

10.20944/preprints202011.0415.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chika Sasahara ◽

Shozo Shibata

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Public Access ◽

National Forest ◽

Low Density ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Management Area ◽

Wood Resource ◽

Central Kenya

The Kenya Forestry Service permits rental of low-density national forest areas for use as common farmland, but public access to such areas is restricted to prevent deforestation against a background of rising demand for fuel wood. This study was conducted to clarify characteristics relating to the production of indigenous bamboo (a useful wood resource) by the approximately 23% of locals who work on common farmland in central Kenya’s Kamae forest management area, with estimation to determine above-ground biomass. The results showed that bamboo still represents 60% of such biomass, indicating sustainability in the industry.

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Kelayakan rencana bisnis komoditas kesatuan pengelolaan hutan produksi (KPHP) DAS Belayan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

e-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan ◽

10.22437/jels.v8i3.12330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 194-202

Author(s):

Rahmadi Rahmadi ◽

Sahrul Uma ◽

Elsy Riawati ◽

Muhammad Ridwansyah

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Market Segmentation ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Business Plan ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Management Area ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

The Right

KPHP Unit XXVI Belayan Watershed has a management area for production forest and protected forest that has not been optimally utilized. This study aims to develop a business plan strategy in order to optimize the resources of the KPHP Belayan watershed which is oriented towards reducing emissions to achieve sustainable forest management, improving people's welfare, and increasing income. This study use SWOT analysis to determine the right strategy in order to optimize the resources of the KPHP Belayan Watershed. The analysis results show that the commodity business (palm sugar, palm solid sugar, forest honey and kelulut honey, bamboo skewers and carbon trading) by the KPHP Belayan Watershed is financially feasible to be financed. This means that the strategy that must be carried out is to expand the market segmentation of these commodities so that these commodities can advance. Keywords: Belayan watershed, Production forest, Sustainable forest, SWOT

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A probability model for long-term forest fire occurrence in the Karst forest management area of Slovenia

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf15192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 399 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tomaž Šturm ◽

Tomaž Podobnikar

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Probability Model ◽

Target Area ◽

Fire Occurrence ◽

Occurrence Probability ◽

Karst Forest ◽

Management Area ◽

Stand Characteristics

The aim of this study is to develop a long-term forest fire occurrence probability model in the Karst forest management area of Slovenia. The target area has the greatest forest fire occurrence rates and the largest burned areas in the country. To discover how the forest stand characteristics influence forest fire occurrence, we developed a long-term linear regression model. The geographically weighted regression method was applied to build the model, using forest management plans and land-based datasets as explanatory variables and a past forest fire activity dataset as a predicted variable. The land-based dataset was used to represent human activity as a key component in fire occurrence. Variables representing the natural and the anthropogenic environment used in the model explained 39% of past forest fire occurrences and predicted areas with the highest likelihood of forest fire occurrence. The results show that forest fire occurrence probability in a stand increases with lower wood stock, lower species diversity and lower thickness diversity, and in stands dominated by conifer trees under normal canopy closure. These forests stand characteristics are planned to be used in forest management and silviculture planning to reduce fire damage in Slovenian forests.

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