scholarly journals Analysis and Assessment of Lithuanian Road Accidents by AHP Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Jakimavičius
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Process Method

Lithuanian road accidents were evaluated based on the geographic information systems and multi-criteria method of Analytical Hierarchy Process This paper presents the methodology for selecting and ranking high accident concentration sections on the roads of national significance. Methodology involves the following process phases: 1) preparation of spatial data of the road accidents; 2) estimation of road sections with a high accident rate; 3) calculation of spatial statistics for estimation of accident points and hot spots; 4) selecting indicators for multi-criteria assessment; 5) calculation by Analytical Hierarchy Process method and ranking the selected high accident concentration sections. Assessment of spatial clustering of accidents and hot spots was carried out following geo-information technologies and using Getis-Ord Gi  statistics and point density functions. This geospatial criterion was integrated into multicriteria assessment for ranking the high accident concentration sections by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Presented method is useful for various agencies in order to improve their planning and management strategies for better traffic conditions as well as to reduce the number of accidents. The result of the research presents selection methodology of dangerous accident section and ranking of the tenth the most dangerous sections involving geographic information systems and Analytical Hierarchy Process method.

scholarly journals Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems in mapping flood extent and assessing flood hazard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χρήστος Δομακίνης
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Envisat Asar ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Ο Ερυθροπόταμος είναι παραπόταμος του ποταμού Έβρου και κατά τη διάρκεια της τελευταίας δεκαετίας η λεκάνη απορροής του πλημμύρησε αρκετές φορές, προκαλώντας εκτεταμένες ζημιές σε περιουσίες. Προκειμένου να προετοιμαστεί ο δρόμος για αποτελεσματική διαχείριση του πλημμυρικού κινδύνου και να αντισταθμιστεί η έλλειψη τέτοιων μελετών σε μια περιοχή που είναι τόσο επιρρεπής σε πλημμύρες, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν διαδικασίες εκτίμησης της επικινδυνότητας της πλημμύρας όπως η χαρτογράφηση κατακλυζόμενων περιοχών, η χαρτογράφηση της επικινδυνότητας και του κινδύνου της πλημμύρας, καθώς και η χαρτογράφηση της πλημμυρικής επιδεκτικότητας. Η χαρτογράφηση κατακλυζόμενων περιοχών διεξήχθη με τη βοήθεια εικόνων Ραντάρ Συνθετικού Ανοίγματος. Ειδικότερα, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν εικόνες ENVISAT/ASAR και SENTINEL – 1 A/B προκειμένου να οριοθετηθεί ο χώρος των κατακλυζόμενων περιοχών που συνέβησαν τις χρονιές 2010, 2017 και 2018. Η χαρτογράφηση της επικινδυνότητας και του κινδύνου της πλημμύρας υλοποιηθήκαν με τη βοήθεια των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών (Γ.Σ.Π.), όχι μόνο για την κύρια μισγάγγεια άλλα και για τους κλάδους του υδρογραφικού δικτύου άνω της 5ης τάξης, παρέχοντας προβλέψεις για την έκταση των πλημμυρών και για τη χωρική κατανομή του βάθους του νερού συμφώνα με τα σενάρια που προτείνονται από την Οδηγία 2007/60 του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου, καθώς και για συγκεκριμένες μετρήσεις του σταθμού που είναι τοποθετημένος στη γέφυρα του Διδυμοτείχου. Επιπλέον, η χαρτογράφηση της πλημμυρικής επιδεκτικότητας διεξήχθη για την υπό μελέτη περιοχή εφαρμόζοντας τη Διαδικασία της Αναλυτικής Ιεραρχίας (Analytical Hierarchy Process/AHP). Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τοπογραφικοί, υδρολογικοί και μετεωρολογικοί παράγοντες και ο καθένας από αυτούς ταξινομήθηκε σε τρεις (3) κατηγορίες επιδεκτικότητας (χαμηλή, μέτρια και υψηλή). Η σημαντικότητα του κάθε παράγοντα έναντι των υπολοίπων καθορίστηκε με τη βοήθεια είτε της χαρτογράφησης κατακλυζόμενων περιοχών ή της χαρτογράφησης της επικινδυνότητας της πλημμύρας, αντιμετωπίζοντας με αυτό τον τρόπο την υποκειμενικότητα που περιλαμβάνεται στον καθορισμό της ιεραρχίας των παραγόντων από τη Διαδικασία της Αναλυτικής Ιεραρχίας. Ακολούθως, οι παραγόμενοι χάρτες πλημμυρικής επιδεκτικότητας αξιολογήθηκαν σύμφωνα με τις κατακλυζόμενες περιοχές των πλημμυρών του Απριλίου 2017, του Μαρτίου 2018 και, στην περίπτωση που η ιεραρχία των παραγόντων καθορίστηκε από τα αποτελέσματα της χαρτογράφησης της επικινδυνότητας, με τις κατακλυζόμενες περιοχές των πλημμυρών του Φεβρουαρίου 2010. Τα αποτελέσματα των ως άνω αναφερθέντων διαδικασιών υπέδειξαν ότι μεγάλα ποσοστά των οριοθετημένων περιοχών κατάκλυσης τέμνουν τις ζώνες υψηλής επιδεκτικότητας του κάθε χάρτη πλημμυρικής επιδεκτικότητας. Τελικά, τα αποτελέσματα κάθε διαδικασίας εκτίμησης της επικινδυνότητας της πλημμύρας δεν συγκρίθηκαν μόνο με τη Ζώνη Δυνητικά Υψηλού Κινδύνου Πλημμύρας που προτείνεται από το Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας αλλά και συνδυάστηκαν ποικιλοτρόπως προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί αν είναι εφικτό να επιτευχθούν καλύτερα αποτελέσματα.

scholarly journals Using Geographic Information Systems and the Analytical Hierarchy Process for Delineating Erosion-Induced Land Degradation in the Middle Citarum Sub-Watershed, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwin Ambarwulan ◽  
Irmadi Nahib ◽  
Widiatmaka Widiatmaka ◽  
Jaka Suryanta ◽  
Sri Lestari Munajati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Tropical Watersheds ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Land degradation (LD) is an important issue worldwide because it affects food production and people’s welfare. Many factors cause land degradation, but in humid tropical areas, erosion is the main factor. More than 100 countries including Indonesia are affected by LD. Watershed management should be prioritized owing to budget constraints, while on the other side, the area affected by LD is very large compared to the size of the existing land area. The middle Citarum sub-watershed (MCSW) is one of the most degraded drylands in Indonesia, where the environment can be considered a typical humid tropical watershed. The objective of this study was to map degraded lands and prioritize restoration using a combined approach of the universal soil loss equation (USLE), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information systems (GIS) in a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) environment. The severity of LD was estimated quantitatively by analyzing the parameters of land use and land cover, slope, soil erosion, productivity, and management. The results indicated that the MCSW is dominated by the potentially degraded land classes (38%), followed by the degraded land classes (21%). The prioritization of LD restoration is suggested in the area of very high and high degraded land. The method developed in this research work could be adopted as a tool to guide decision-makers toward sustainable land resource management in humid tropical watersheds affected by LD.

scholarly journals As dimensões das Modelagens Matemática e Computacional prescrevidas à Gestão Ambiental

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6939109013
Author(s):  
Denis Carlos Lima Costa ◽  
Heictor Alves de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Ana Paula Simões Castro ◽  
Edson Costa Cruz ◽  
Julio Leite Azancort Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Os inúmeros trabalhos científicos, recentemente divulgados, sobre projetos aplicados ao desenvolvimento sustentável, têm considerado uma combinação de métodos como o AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) e o GIS (Geographic Information Systems), por exemplo. Esses procedimentos possibilitam a identificação dos principais critérios, úteis na formulação cadastral, em um formato numérico, para o problema dos resíduos sólidos. O presente artigo apresenta um Processo de Modelagem Matemática e Computacional (PM2C), que se beneficia da resposta gerenciada pelos métodos AHP e GIS, implementando relações funcionais que ajustem as n dimensões da Matriz de Critérios. O trabalho tem como objetivo predominante estabelecer as Soluções Convencional e Ótima para o problema da localização da área propícia à construção de um aterro sanitário. As estratégias, matemática e computacional, empregam o Método de Cramer e o Método dos Pontos Interiores (Prime-dual) na confecção dos algoritmos. Os resultados, expressos nas formas analítica e gráfica, exibem os valores individuais para cada critério envolvido no fenômeno. A comparação, entre as matrizes das soluções, denota a importância da incorporação das condições iniciais, relacionadas aos efeitos sociais e econômicos, e das restrições de segurança ambiental, nos algoritmos modelados. Fundamentado nessas premissas, foi possível a simulação de cenários que demonstram, com altíssima precisão, os melhores valores dos critérios úteis à tomada de decisão da seleção da área ótima para a implantação de um aterro sanitário. 

Politics of Scale and Networks of Association in Public Participation GIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1961-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Politics Of Scale

The public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) research agenda has explored the issue of equitable access and use of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data among traditionally marginalized citizens, in order to facilitate effective citizen participation in inner-city revitalization activities. However, prior research indicates that PPGIS is a complex process, with uneven outcomes. The author contends that such unevenness can be explained by use of a new theoretical framework drawn from the literature of politics of scale and networks. The author contends that the PPGIS process occurs in ‘spaces of dependence’, containing localized social relations and place-specific conditions. The politics of securing this space leads to the creation of ‘spaces of engagement’ at multiple scales. Within these spaces, networks of association evolve to connect multiple actors from public and private sectors with community organizations. Such networks can contain structural inequities, hierarchical dominance, and fluctuating resources. But these networks also transcend political boundaries and are dynamic and flexible, enabling individuals to manipulate and modify them. In trying to control the revitalization agendas and the material resources required, the actors and community organizations construct politics of scale. For some community organizations, such scalar politics and creative alliances with critical actors allow them to navigate territorially scaled networks of power skillfully in order to gain an effective voice in decisionmaking activities. But other community organizations lag behind, and are not able to form relationships in order to secure their urban space. By the use of new empirical data, coupled with a new theoretical framework, the author aims to contribute both to greater theorization and to better understanding of the uneven and contradictory nature of PPGIS processes.

scholarly journals Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Urban Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sonila Xhafa ◽  
Albana Kosovrasti
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Centers

Geographic information systems can be defined as a intelligent tool, to which it relates techniques for the implementation of processes such as the introduction, recording, storage, handling, processing and generation of spatial data. Use of GIS in urban planning helps and guides planners for an orderly development of settlements and infrastructure facilities within and outside urban areas. Continued growth of the population in urban centers generates the need for expansion of urban space, for its planning in terms of physical and social infrastructures in the service of the community, based on the principles of sustainable development. In addition urbanization is accompanied with numerous structural transformations and functional cities, which should be evaluated in spatial context, to be managed and planned according to the principles of sustainable development. Urban planning connects directly with land use and design of the urban environment, including physical and social infrastructure in service of the urban community, constituting a challenge to global levels. Use of GIS in this field is a different approach regarding the space, its development and design, analysis and modeling of various processes occurring in it, as well as interconnections between these processes or developments in space.

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