scholarly journals Predator management and species at risk in Alberta

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Hervieux
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Habitat Recovery ◽  
Predator Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat

Alberta has employed lethal techniques to reduce predator populations in several wildlife-management situations, particularly in attempts to achieve goals and objectives for threatened or endangered species. Annual wolf populations reductions within and adjacent to woodland caribou population ranges in West Central Alberta are a notable example of this management approach. Almost all woodland caribou populations in Alberta are exhibiting ongoing population declines, with some populations declining at rapid rates. Current knowledge indicates that these declines are from apparent competition due to anthropogenic habitat changes, with resulting unsustainably high levels of wolf predation on woodland caribou populations. Delivery of annual wolf population reductions for two woodland caribou populations has resulted in stable or slightly increasing caribou population growth; in the absence of the wolf program at least one of the caribou populations would now be extirpated. The delivery of lethal wolf management for woodland caribou conservation and recovery in Alberta is enabled by a variety of provincial government approved management plans and policies. It is fully recognized that predator management for woodland caribou recovery must be predicated on management approaches and actions to improve caribou habitat conservation and recovery and thereby address the ultimate factors influencing apparent competition and unsustainably high levels of predation. Considerable effort is now being devoted to planning, policy revisions, regulatory adjustments, and management actions to address fundamental considerations related to caribou habitat. Progress on woodland caribou habitat will have little relevance; however, if the resident caribou population becomes extirpated before sufficient habitat recovery is achieved. Effective reductions in predation rates are needed immediately.

scholarly journals Predator management and species at risk in Alberta

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Hervieux
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Habitat Recovery ◽  
Predator Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat

Alberta has employed lethal techniques to reduce predator populations in several wildlife-management situations, particularly in attempts to achieve goals and objectives for threatened or endangered species. Annual wolf populations reductions within and adjacent to woodland caribou population ranges in West Central Alberta are a notable example of this management approach. Almost all woodland caribou populations in Alberta are exhibiting ongoing population declines, with some populations declining at rapid rates. Current knowledge indicates that these declines are from apparent competition due to anthropogenic habitat changes, with resulting unsustainably high levels of wolf predation on woodland caribou populations. Delivery of annual wolf population reductions for two woodland caribou populations has resulted in stable or slightly increasing caribou population growth; in the absence of the wolf program at least one of the caribou populations would now be extirpated. The delivery of lethal wolf management for woodland caribou conservation and recovery in Alberta is enabled by a variety of provincial government approved management plans and policies. It is fully recognized that predator management for woodland caribou recovery must be predicated on management approaches and actions to improve caribou habitat conservation and recovery and thereby address the ultimate factors influencing apparent competition and unsustainably high levels of predation. Considerable effort is now being devoted to planning, policy revisions, regulatory adjustments, and management actions to address fundamental considerations related to caribou habitat. Progress on woodland caribou habitat will have little relevance; however, if the resident caribou population becomes extirpated before sufficient habitat recovery is achieved. Effective reductions in predation rates are needed immediately.

scholarly journals Changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Wittmer ◽  
B McLellan ◽  
R Serrouya ◽  
C Apps
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Habitat Alterations

Large-scale habitat loss is frequently identified with loss of biodiversity, but examples of the direct effect of habitat alterations on changes in vital rates remain rare. Quantifying and understanding the relationship between habitat composition and changes in vital rates, however, is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. It has been suggested that the decline of woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou populations in North America is precipitated by timber harvesting that creates landscapes of early seral forests. Such habitat changes have altered the predator-prey system resulting in asymmetric predation, where predators are maintained by alternative prey (i.e. apparent competition). However, a direct link between habitat condition and caribou population declines has not been documented. We estimated survival probabilities for the threatened arboreal lichen-feeding ecotype of woodland caribou in British Columbia, Canada, at two different spatial scales. At the broader scale, observed variation in adult female survival rates among 10 distinct populations (range = 0.67-0.93) was best explained by variation in the amount of early seral stands within population ranges and population density. At the finer scale, home ranges of caribou killed by predators had lower proportions of old forest and more mid-aged forest as compared with multi-annual home ranges where caribou were alive. These results are consistent with predictions from the apparent competition hypothesis and quantify direct fitness consequences for caribou following habitat alterations. We conclude that apparent competition can cause rapid population declines and even extinction where changes in species composition occur following large scale habitat change. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 British Ecological Society.

Managing wolves (Canis lupus) to recover threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Alberta

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Hervieux ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Dave Stepnisky ◽  
Michelle Bacon ◽  
Stan Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Reduction Program

Across Canada, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) populations are declining because of human-induced changes to food webs that are resulting in apparent competition-induced increases in predator-caused caribou mortality. We tested the hypothesis that wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) population reduction could reverse declines in a woodland caribou population following a BACI (before-after-control-impact) design conducted over a 12-year period in west-central Alberta, Canada. We monitored annual survival for 172 adult female caribou and calf recruitment from 2000 through 2012 and conducted a provincial government delivered wolf population reduction program annually during the winters of 2005–2006 to 2012 (inclusive) in an area centered on the Little Smoky range. Wolf removal translated to a 4.6% increase in mean population growth rate of the Little Smoky population mostly through improvements in calf recruitment. In contrast, the Red Rock Prairie Creek control population exhibited a 4.7% decline. Although the wolf population reduction program appeared to stabilize the Little Smoky population, it did not lead to population increase, however, with λ remaining approximately equal to 1. Therefore, we recommend, if required, predation management be combined with effective habitat conservation and long-term planning to effect the recovery of species, such as woodland caribou, which are declining as a result of habitat-mediated apparent competition.

scholarly journals Changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Wittmer ◽  
B McLellan ◽  
R Serrouya ◽  
C Apps
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Habitat Alterations

Large-scale habitat loss is frequently identified with loss of biodiversity, but examples of the direct effect of habitat alterations on changes in vital rates remain rare. Quantifying and understanding the relationship between habitat composition and changes in vital rates, however, is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. It has been suggested that the decline of woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou populations in North America is precipitated by timber harvesting that creates landscapes of early seral forests. Such habitat changes have altered the predator-prey system resulting in asymmetric predation, where predators are maintained by alternative prey (i.e. apparent competition). However, a direct link between habitat condition and caribou population declines has not been documented. We estimated survival probabilities for the threatened arboreal lichen-feeding ecotype of woodland caribou in British Columbia, Canada, at two different spatial scales. At the broader scale, observed variation in adult female survival rates among 10 distinct populations (range = 0.67-0.93) was best explained by variation in the amount of early seral stands within population ranges and population density. At the finer scale, home ranges of caribou killed by predators had lower proportions of old forest and more mid-aged forest as compared with multi-annual home ranges where caribou were alive. These results are consistent with predictions from the apparent competition hypothesis and quantify direct fitness consequences for caribou following habitat alterations. We conclude that apparent competition can cause rapid population declines and even extinction where changes in species composition occur following large scale habitat change. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 British Ecological Society.

scholarly journals An Evaluation on Deep Caries Removal Method and Management Performed by Undergraduate Dental Students: A Malaysia Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurin Izyani Othman ◽  
Hanan Umaira Ismail ◽  
Norazlina Mohammad ◽  
Norzalina Ghazali ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Removal Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caries Removal ◽  
Partial Caries Removal

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the current knowledge and attitude of deep caries removal method among dental students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods A total of 303 students (n = 303) responded to the online questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire was to evaluate the demographic data of the respondents and focused on the technique and management approach used for deep caries lesion. The second part investigated the preferred treatment used for deep caries based on the designated clinical case, while the third part assessed the factors that affected the decision on deep caries management. Statistical Analysis Independent t-test was used to compare difference between the two groups. Results Seventy four percent of the students have the knowledge of the different methods of caries removal, while 25.8% were only familiar with complete caries removal. The preferred method for deep caries removal in permanent teeth was partial caries removal (53%). For primary dentition, 45.6% of the students prefer to perform pulpotomy as compared with other techniques. There was no significant difference in caries removal method for permanent teeth between undergraduate year of study (p > 0.05), which was partial caries removal at 52.7 and 53.5%, respectively. For primary dentition, the preferred caries removal method was pulpotomy for year 4 (39.8%) and year 5 (52%) students. The popular material to restore deep caries was resin composite (42%) followed by glass ionomer cement (23.3%). Conclusions This study showed that partial caries removal was the preferred method despite partial understanding on the identification of the clinical indicators of the technique.

Management accounting in forest processing: market research and forecast of planned actions

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Gamlet Yakovlevich Ostaev ◽  
Grigory Rolanovich Alborov ◽  
Konstantin Akakievich Dzhikiya
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Management Actions

The article reveals the key points of accounting and management actions in terms of studying market conditions, PR and forecasting planned actions. The main accounting and management tools in management accounting are: planning, management, accounting, organization, analysis and monitoring of business processes. Determination of the incurred costs of the business and its further sustainable development is the conceptual basis of management accounting. The aim of the study is to develop criteria for management accounting in the study of the sawn timber market and to study consumer demand for this product, identify consumer preferences, assess the frequency of purchasing products and factors affecting demand. The subject of the research is management accounting as a complex mechanism in terms of research (monitoring) market conditions, PR and forecast of planned actions. In accordance with this goal, the main task was determined: to predict the development of the market, adequately (in a timely manner, taking into account all factors) to respond to them, thereby ensuring high efficiency of economic activity, and strengthening its competitiveness in the Udmurt Republic. It is concluded that, despite the complexity and specifics of this type of activity, with a competent management approach, industrial enterprises in order to gain competitive advantages must constantly collect and process accounting and management information, including marketing information for an objective assessment of the external environment, analyze their own activities in order to reduce financial risks.

scholarly journals (Neg)Entropic Scenarios Affecting the Wicked Design Spaces of Knowledge Management Systems

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Science Research ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Knowledge Management Systems

The envisioned embracing of thriving knowledge societies is increasingly compromised by threatening perceptions of information overload, attention poverty, opportunity divides, and career fears. This paper traces the roots of these symptoms back to causes of information entropy and structural holes, invisible private and undiscoverable public knowledge which characterize the sad state of our current knowledge management and creation practices. As part of an ongoing design science research and prototyping project, the article’s (neg)entropic perspectives complement a succession of prior multi-disciplinary publications. Looking forward, it proposes a novel decentralized generative knowledge management approach that prioritizes the capacity development of autonomous individual knowledge workers not at the expense of traditional organizational knowledge management systems but as a viable means to foster their fruitful co-evolution. The article, thus, informs relevant stakeholders about the current unsustainable status quo inhibiting knowledge workers; it presents viable remedial options (as a prerequisite for creating the respective future generative Knowledge Management (KM) reality) to afford a sustainable solution with the generative potential to evolve into a prospective general-purpose technology.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Pathogenicity and Management of Stemphylium botryosum in Lentils (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik)

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Das ◽  
Subrata Dutta ◽  
Subhendu Jash ◽  
Ashis Roy Barman ◽  
Raju Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Wide Range

Stemphylium blight (SB) caused by Ascomycete, Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. has been a serious threat to lentil cultivation, mainly in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Canada since its first outbreak in Bangladesh in 1986. The genus Stemphylium Wallr., a dematiaceous hyphomycete, comprises up to 150 species, and is pathogenic on a wide range of plants infecting leguminous as well as nonleguminous crops. In recent years, studies indicated overlapping in morphological characters among the different species under the genus Stemphylium, making the identification and description of species difficult. This necessitates different molecular phylogenetic analysis in species delimitation. Therefore, a detailed understanding of spatial diversity and population structure of the pathogen is pertinent for producing source material for resistance breeding. The role of different weather variables as predisposing factors for the rapid spread of the pathogen necessitates devising a disease predictive model for the judicial application of fungicides. A dearth of information regarding spore biology, epidemiology, race diversity, host-pathogen interaction, and holistic disease management approach necessitates immediate attention towards more intensive research efforts. This is the first comprehensive review on the current state of knowledge and research efforts being made for a better understanding of the SB resistance through cognizing biology, ecology, and epidemiology of S. botryosum and effective disease management strategies to prevent widespread outbreaks of SB. The information regarding the biology and epidemiology of S. botryosum is also crucial for strengthening the “Integrated Disease Management” (IDM) programme. The need for a regional research network is advocated where the disease is becoming endemic.

scholarly journals Ecological and Conservation Value of Small Standing-Water Ecosystems: A Systematic Review of Current Knowledge and Future Challenges

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossano Bolpagni ◽  
Sandra Poikane ◽  
Alex Laini ◽  
Simonetta Bagella ◽  
Marco Bartoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Global Strategies ◽  
Global Water

A small standing-water ecosystem (SWE) is a shallow (<20 m) lentic water body with a surface of a few hectares (≤10 ha). Compared to larger counterparts, they exhibit wider ecotones, sometimes even equaling their whole surface, which maximizes structural heterogeneity, supporting exceptionally high biodiversity, metabolic rates, and functionality. Surprisingly, no binding regulations support global strategies for SWE conservation. This work consists of a literature review performed for the period 2004–2018 to assess the ecological and conservation value of SWEs and the contribution of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in promoting their conservation. Outcomes from this work open new perspectives on SWEs, which emerge as valuable ecosystems, and confirm their pivotal contribution to watershed biodiversity, resilience, and functionality. Results also suggest clear narrative trends and large knowledge gaps across geographical areas, biological components, and target issues. Additionally, we note that SWEs are under-represented in the frame of WFD implementation, stressing their marginality into assessing procedures. All of this calls for further studies, especially outside Europe and with a global, multi-taxon perspective. These should be devoted to quantitatively assess the roles of SWEs in maintaining global water ecosystem quality, biodiversity, and services, and to prioritize management actions for their conservation.

scholarly journals Bycatch mitigation could prevent strong changes in the ecological strategies of seabird communities across the globe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cerren Richards ◽  
Robert S. C. Cooke ◽  
Diana E. Bowler ◽  
Kristina Boerder ◽  
Amanda E. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Ecological Strategies ◽  
Mass Generation ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch

Fisheries bycatch, the incidental mortality of non-target species, is a major threat to seabirds worldwide. Mitigating bycatch is an important factor to reduce seabird population declines and consequent changes in ocean trophic dynamics and ecosystem functioning. However, it remains an open question how and where mitigating bycatch at a global scale may conserve seabird traits and the ecological strategies that traits represent. Here we combine a dataset of species traits and distribution ranges for 341 seabirds with spatially resolved fishing effort data for gillnet, longline, trawl, and purse seine gears to: (1) understand spatial variation in seabird community traits; and (2) test whether mitigating fisheries bycatch may prevent shifts in traits of seabird communities and loss of ecological strategies. We find distinct spatial variation in the community weighted mean of five seabird traits (clutch size, body mass, generation length, foraging guild, and diet guild). Furthermore, our analysis suggests that successful bycatch mitigation could prevent strong shifts in the traits of seabird communities across the globe particularly in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Specifically, changes in dominant foraging and diet guilds, and shifts towards communities with faster reproductive speeds (larger clutch sizes and shorter generation lengths) and smaller body masses could be avoided. Therefore, bycatch mitigation may have important indirect benefits for sustaining ecosystem functioning, as mediated by species traits. Incorporating species traits into management actions will provide valuable tools for marine spatial planning and when evaluating the success of conservation initiatives.

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