scholarly journals ABUSE AND DISRESPECT IN CHILDBIRTH CARE AS A PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE IN BRAZIL: ORIGINS, DEFINITIONS, IMPACTS ON MATERNAL HEALTH, AND PROPOSALS FOR ITS PREVENTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Grilo Diniz ◽  
Heloisa De Oliveira Salgado ◽  
Halana Faria de Aguiar Andrezzo ◽  
Paula Galdino Cardin de Carvalho ◽  
Priscila Cavalcanti Albuquerque Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Disrespect And Abuse ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Disrespect and abuse (in Brazil called obstetric violence), described by different terms, is increasingly used in social activism, in academic research and public policy formulation, and was recently recognized as a public health issue by the World Health Organization. As an innovative theme, it requires a mapping its origins, definitions, typology, impacts on maternal health and proposals for its preventing and remedy. We presente a critical-narrative review about this issue, including academic literature, productions of social movements and institutional documents, in Brazil and internationally. After a short historical overview, we map the definitions and types of violence. The complex causation of these forms of violence is discussed, including the role of professional training, the organization of health services, and the implications for maternal morbidity and mortality. Finally we present interventions in public health that have been used or proposed to prevent and mitigate obstetric violence, and an agenda for innovation and research in this area.

scholarly journals Global community perception of ‘surgical care’ as a public health issue: a cross sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Lubis ◽  
Meena Nathan Cherian ◽  
Chinmayee Venkatraman ◽  
Fiemu E. Nwariaku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
A Priority

Abstract Background In the last decade surgical care has been propelled into the public health domain with the establishment of a World Health Organisation (WHO) designated programme and key publications. The passing of the historic World Health Assembly Resolution (WHA) acknowledged surgical care as a vital component towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We conducted the first worldwide survey to explore the perception of surgical care as a public health issue. Method The anonymous, cross sectional survey targeted worldwide participants across a range of professional backgrounds, including non-medical using virtual snowball sampling method (in English) using Google Forms (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) from 20th February 2019 to 25th June 2019. The survey questions were designed to gauge awareness on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UHC, WHO programmes and key publications on surgical care as well as perception of surgical care as a priority topic in public health. Results The survey was completed by 1954 respondents from 118 countries. Respondents were least aware of surgical care as a teaching topic in public health courses (27%; n = 526) and as a WHO programme (20%; n = 384). 82% of respondents were aware of UHC (n = 1599) and of this 72% (n = 1152) agreed that surgical care fits within UHC. While 77% (n = 1495) of respondents were aware of SDGs, only 19% (n = 370) agreed that surgery was a priority to meet SDGs. 48% (n = 941) rated surgical care as a cost-effective component of Primary Health Care. 88% (n = 1712) respondents had not read the WHA Resolution on ‘Strengthening emergency and essential surgical care and anaesthesia as a component of UHC’. Conclusion There is still a widespread gap in awareness on the importance of surgical care as a public health issue amongst our respondents. Surgical care was not seen as a priority to reach the SDGs, less visible as a WHO programme and not perceived as an important topic for public health courses.

The Politics of Global Tobacco Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 659-683
Author(s):  
Kelley Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Transnational Tobacco Companies

This chapter examines the politics that has shifted tobacco control policy over the past three decades, from a long-neglected public health issue to a flagship global health issue supported by collective action by state and non-state actors. These efforts were spurred by the expansion of leading transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) into emerging markets, beginning in the 1960s, amid growing regulation and declining sales in traditional markets. By the 1990s tobacco use was steadily rising in the wake of the global expansion of the tobacco industry. The negotiation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) became the focus of intense political contestation between a powerful industry seeking to protect its commercial interests and an alarmed public health community. Since adoption of the FCTC in 2004, this political battle has shifted to its effective implementation in signatory states. This has included the eventual negotiation of the FCTC Protocol to Eliminate the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and continued efforts by the tobacco industry to sustain sales through a variety of political strategies.

Maternal health-related behaviours during pregnancy: a critical public health issue

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Górniaczyk ◽  
Barbara Czech-Szczapa ◽  
Maciej Sobkowski ◽  
Karolina Chmaj-Wierzchowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Critical Public Health

scholarly journals The Ethics of Food and Childhood Obesity – A Public Health Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Evangel Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Crisis

Adequate food consumption is essential to stay alive. However, overconsumption and consumption of nutritionally deficient food can increase risks of obesity that negatively impacts health; ultimately leading to more expensive medical treatments, reduced quality of life, and early death – making it a public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes there is an increase in the prevalence of infant, childhood and adolescent obesity, and this is alarming because obesity can affect a child's immediate health, educational attainment, and quality of life. Overweight children are likely to be obese as an adult and consequently be at risk for various chronic illnesses. The prevalence of severe obesity in the United States has alarmingly increased among children, and research suggests that approximately 90% of children with severe obesity will become obese adults depending on the age at which these children became obese. This only shows that obesity is a precursor for a far more significant public health crisis that is about to explode with time. Moreover, obesity is also associated with the development of psychosocial implications such as diminished self-esteem and self-worth as a result of associated social and peer stigma. According to experts, the focus on childhood obesity should be on prevention rather than on the treatment of obesity. Even though obesity has been identified as the overconsumption of calorically dense and high-fat foods and inadequate physical activity, there is a socioeconomic dimension to the obesity crisis. This raises ethical questions regarding the role of government in implementing policies to eliminate obesity. To address obesity, it is better to understand it at the community level. Better policies that address the socioeconomic issues and environmental factors that fuel the obesity epidemic are needed – with that in mind; this paper aims to target these issues at the community and policy level.

Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hille
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

The Other View of Disposable Diapers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
Disposable Diapers

To The Editor.— I'm writing to you to express my extreme disappointment at the publication of the commentary titled "Baby Bottoms and Environmental Conundrums: Disposable Diapers and the Pediatrician" that appeared in the August 1991 issue of Pediatrics.1 Public Health Issue About Diaper Disposal. The authors have treated briefly the issue of public health and diaper disposal.1,p387 The reader is left with a perception that discarded diapers pose public health hazards. While the issue of public health and the disposal of diapers and other solid wastes is important, it is treated neither adequately nor fairly in this commentary.

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