Oldfangled and

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harbour
Keyword(s):  
Current Theory ◽  
First Order ◽  
Person Features ◽  
First Order Predicates

Traditional accounts of person assume that features denote first order predicates, that their values denote one-place truth functors, and that feature bundles are held together semantically by conjunction. Crucially, conjunction is a commutative operation, unlike those belonging to the current theory. The current chapter explores the consequences of semantics commutativity for theories of person features. Reviewing a range of influential accounts, it shows that these are accounts undergenerate if given only two features, but overgenerate if given more, and that means of trimming the generative excess are unsatisfactory. The chapter also compares three analyses of Bininj-Gunwok, which has a tripartite person for objects but quadripartite for person, arguing that the smallest feature inventory yields the most compact account.

The Form of the Phi Kernel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harbour
Keyword(s):  
Language Of Thought ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Evolution Of Mind ◽  
First Order Predicates

This chapter considers the broader lessons that might be drawn from the current study of person. It draws out the core commonalities between the person and number features that have been proposed: that features are “operations” richer than first-order predicates held together by conjunction; that they are not subject to extrinsic constraints on order of composition or co-occurrence; and that there are semantic and morphological grounds for representing features of both kinds bivalently. The consequences of this study might ramify beyond linguistics by altering our understanding of and means of investigating the language of thought and the nature and evolution of mind. The author asserts, contrary to widespread opinion, minds do leave fossils, but these are to be sought, not by paleoanthropologists sifting through the archeological record, but by cognitive scientists, including linguists, via our theories of the structure of the mind itself.

SELECTION RULES AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE FIRST-ORDER RAMAN EFFECT IN CRYSTALS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Theimer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Raman Effect ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Selection Rules ◽  
First Order ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Full Symmetry ◽  
Linear Effects

Starting from the most general scattering formulae, the current theory of the Raman effect in crystals is modified in such a way as to remove the well-known discrepancies between theory and experiment concerning the selection rules for calcite and similar crystals. A distinction is made between electrons in delocalized crystal orbitals and electrons in localized atomic or molecular orbitals and it is shown that only the latter produce a Raman scattering in agreement with the unmodified theory. The general formula for the scattering by delocalized electrons is analyzed and it is found that the magnitude of the components [Formula: see text] of the first-order polarizability (qi normal coordinate of the scattering lattice vibration) depends on the wave vectors Q′ and Q″ of incident and scattered light. The wave vector dependence of the first-order polarizability requires selection rules for the first-order Raman effect which do not correspond to the full symmetry of the scattering crystal but only to the symmetry operations of the group of Q = Q′ – Q″ which leave Q unchanged. These modified selection rules are shown to be compatible with experiment. The influence of mechanical anharmonicity and of polarizability derivatives of higher order on the first-order Raman effect is also discussed. It is found that these non-linear effects offer no satisfactory explanation for the great intensity of forbidden lines in the Raman spectrum of some crystals. Concerning temperature effects the non-linear terms in the intensity formulae are found to be of greater importance and are tentatively suggested as being responsible for the anomalous temperature dependence of low frequency external lattice vibrations.

A HIERARCHICAL REASONING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC PROGRAM PARALLELIZATION

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 417-435
Author(s):  
ZHIYUAN LI ◽  
JUNJIE GU
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Automatic Parallelization ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
First Order ◽  
Automatic Program ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Program Parallelization ◽  
Complex Program ◽  
First Order Predicates

Automatic parallelization of large and complex program regions requires the compiler to reason about complex semantic information. This paper describes a hierarchical reasoning system implemented within the Panorama parallelizing compiler. This reasoning system intelligently and efficiently extracts useful semantic information in the form of first-order predicates from program statements. It uses a hierarchical structure to represent the predicates, which enables fast determination of their truth in common cases. A hierarchical value graph facilitates rule-based, demand-driven retrieval of useful predicates.

A New Torsion Element of Thin-Walled Beams Including Shear Deformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 1642-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Qiang Wang ◽  
Jin Cheng Zhao ◽  
Jing Hai Gong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Torsion Theory ◽  
Torsion Element ◽  
First Order ◽  
Twist Rate ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Relationship

Restrained torsion analysis of open thin-walled beam is presented in this paper. A finite element model is developed. The element is based on the first-order torsion theory, which accounts for the warping deformation and shear deformation due to restrained torsion. The interpolation functions of total rotation and twist rate of free warping rotation of cross section are constructed respectively by using the relationship between these two rotations. Numerical example is illustrated to validate the current approach and the results of the current theory are compared with those obtained from classical Vlasov theory and first-order torsion theory.

scholarly journals In the south slavonic garden: landscaping the landscape od arguments and non-arguments

Linguistica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-209
Author(s):  
Marijana Marelj
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
First Order ◽  
Clear Case ◽  
Object Construction ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
First Order Predicates

This paper deals with morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the so-called Cognate Object Construction with particular reference to Serbo-Croatian and Slovene. The relevance of an examination of such morphologically robust languages is manifold. It facilitates an understanding of some of the puzzling properties of the construction cross linguistically, offers a way of explaining the noted disagreement regarding judgments found in the literature on Germanic languages such as English and also presents a clear case where (contrary to the dominant view in the literature) morphology seems to deceive, rather than inform us, about syntax. Based on a barrage of tests, I argue that there are two types of cognate objects: arguments and non-arguments. Extending the treatment of modifiers within the Davidsonian tradition to the latter, I analyse them as first-order predicates. This allows me to capture their core properties, among which is the obligatory modification, something unaccounted for in the literature. The semantic parallelism between the adverbial modifiers and non-ACOs extends to the syntax as well. Treating non-ACOs as adjuncts solves the problem of the scarcity of syntactic space that arises with unaccusative verbs that license them. ACOs, on the other hand, behave syntactically and semantically like run-of-the-mill arguments and a run-of-the-mill transitive syntax can be maintained (for a majority of them) instead.

On the distinction and interrelation between first- and second-order judgments in cultivation research

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Schnauber ◽  
Christine E. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Second Order ◽  
German Population ◽  
Probability Judgments ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
First Order ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
On Line

AbstractIn cultivation research, differentiation is made between first- and second-order cultivation questions. However, their definition and relation remain unclear. This paper proposes a differentiation that focuses on the type of judgment underlying the respective cultivation questions. The former are frequency and probability judgments, while the latter are evaluative and address attitudes or values. Current theory in the field of cultivation research argues that these types of judgments are tied to on-line (second-order) and memory-based (first-order) processing. Based on psychological literature and a study on the cultivation of crime-related perceptions representative for the German population, we demonstrate that second-order judgments can also be built memory-based. Furthermore, we argue that the interrelation of first- and second-order judgments depends on whether judgments are built on-line or memory-based (especially in the case of second-order judgments). This may account for divergent empirical evidence in the field.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

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