scholarly journals Acute stress enhances adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of newborn neurons via secreted astrocytic FGF2

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D Kirby ◽  
Sandra E Muroy ◽  
Wayne G Sun ◽  
David Covarrubias ◽  
Megan J Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Newborn Neurons

Stress is a potent modulator of the mammalian brain. The highly conserved stress hormone response influences many brain regions, particularly the hippocampus, a region important for memory function. The effect of acute stress on the unique population of adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) that resides in the adult hippocampus is unclear. We found that acute stress increased hippocampal cell proliferation and astrocytic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression. The effect of acute stress occurred independent of basolateral amygdala neural input and was mimicked by treating isolated NPCs with conditioned media from corticosterone-treated primary astrocytes. Neutralization of FGF2 revealed that astrocyte-secreted FGF2 mediated stress-hormone-induced NPC proliferation. 2 weeks, but not 2 days, after acute stress, rats also showed enhanced fear extinction memory coincident with enhanced activation of newborn neurons. Our findings suggest a beneficial role for brief stress on the hippocampus and improve understanding of the adaptive capacity of the brain.

scholarly journals Author response: Acute stress enhances adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of newborn neurons via secreted astrocytic FGF2

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D Kirby ◽  
Sandra E Muroy ◽  
Wayne G Sun ◽  
David Covarrubias ◽  
Megan J Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Newborn Neurons

scholarly journals Agrin-Lrp4-Ror2 signaling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
Anupama Sathyamurthy ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Newborn Neurons

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus may represent a form of plasticity in brain functions including mood, learning and memory. However, mechanisms underlying neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) proliferation are not well understood. We found that Agrin, a factor critical for neuromuscular junction formation, is elevated in the hippocampus of mice that are stimulated by enriched environment (EE). Genetic deletion of the Agrn gene in excitatory neurons decreases NSPCs proliferation and increases depressive-like behavior. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), a receptor for Agrin, is expressed in hippocampal NSPCs and its mutation blocked basal as well as EE-induced NSPCs proliferation and maturation of newborn neurons. Finally, we show that Lrp4 interacts with and activates receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2); and Ror2 mutation impairs NSPCs proliferation. Together, these observations identify a role of Agrin-Lrp4-Ror2 signaling for adult neurogenesis, uncovering previously unexpected functions of Agrin and Lrp4 in the brain.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid enhancement of recognition memory via basolateral amygdala-driven facilitation of prelimbic cortex interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (14) ◽  
pp. 7077-7082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areg Barsegyan ◽  
Gabriele Mirone ◽  
Giacomo Ronzoni ◽  
Chunan Guo ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Prelimbic Cortex ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Functional Interactions

Extensive evidence indicates that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) interacts with other brain regions in mediating stress hormone and emotional arousal effects on memory consolidation. Brain activation studies have shown that arousing conditions lead to the activation of large-scale neural networks and several functional connections between brain regions beyond the BLA. Whether such distal interactions on memory consolidation also depend on BLA activity is not as yet known. We investigated, in male Sprague–Dawley rats, whether BLA activity enables prelimbic cortex (PrL) interactions with the anterior insular cortex (aIC) and dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) in regulating glucocorticoid effects on different components of object recognition memory. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist RU 28362 administered into the PrL, but not infralimbic cortex, immediately after object recognition training enhanced 24-hour memory of both the identity and location of the object via functional interactions with the aIC and dHPC, respectively. Importantly, posttraining inactivation of the BLA by the noradrenergic antagonist propranolol abolished the effect of GR agonist administration into the PrL on memory enhancement of both the identity and location of the object. BLA inactivation by propranolol also blocked the effect of GR agonist administration into the PrL on inducing changes in neuronal activity within the aIC and dHPC during the postlearning consolidation period as well as on structural changes in spine morphology assessed 24 hours later. These findings provide evidence that BLA noradrenergic activity enables functional interactions between the PrL and the aIC and dHPC in regulating stress hormone and emotional arousal effects on memory.

scholarly journals Forced Abstinence from Alcohol Induces Sex-Specific Depression-like Behavioral and Neural Adaptations in Somatostatin Neurons in Cortical and Amygdalar Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel C. Dao ◽  
Malini S. Nair ◽  
Sarah N. Magee ◽  
J. Brody Moyer ◽  
Veronica Sendao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Intrinsic Excitability

ABSTRACTForced abstinence (FA) from alcohol has been shown to produce a variety of anxiety- and depression- like symptoms in animal models. Somatostatin (SST) neurons, a subtype of GABAergic neurons found throughout the brain, are a novel neural target with potential treatment implications in affective disorders, yet their role in alcohol use disorders (AUD) remains to be explored. Here, we examined the neuroadaptations of SST neurons during forced abstinence from voluntary alcohol consumption. Following six weeks of two-bottle choice alcohol consumption and protracted forced abstinence, male and female C57BL/6J mice exhibited a heightened, but sex-specific, depressive-like behavioral profile in the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST), without changes in anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT). FST-induced cFos expressions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) were altered in FA-exposed female mice only, suggesting a sex-specific effect of forced abstinence on the neural response to acute stress. SST immunoreactivity in these regions was unaffected by forced abstinence, while differences were seen in SST/cFos co-expression in the vBNST. No differences in cFos or SST immunoreactivity were seen in the lateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Additionally, SST neurons displayed opposing alterations in the PFC and vBNST, with heightened intrinsic excitability in the PFC and diminished intrinsic excitability in the vBNST. These findings provide an overall framework of forced abstinence-induced neuroadaptations in these key brain regions involved in emotional regulation and processing.

scholarly journals Basolateral amygdala regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and fear-related activation of newborn neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
E D Kirby ◽  
A R Friedman ◽  
D Covarrubias ◽  
C Ying ◽  
W G Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Newborn Neurons

Is adult hippocampal neurogenesis really relevant for the treatment of psychiatric disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carli ◽  
Stefano Aringhieri ◽  
Shivakumar Kolachalam ◽  
Biancamaria Longoni ◽  
Giovanna Grenno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Newborn Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Circuitry

: Adult neurogenesis consists in the generation of newborn neurons from neural stem cells taking place in the adult brain. In mammals, this process is limited to very few areas of the brain, and one of these neurogenic niches is the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Adult newborn neurons are generated from quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs), which differentiate through different steps into mature granule cells (GCs), to be finally integrated into the existing hippocampal circuitry. In animal models, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is relevant for pattern discrimination, cognitive flexibility, emotional processing and resilience to stressful situations. Imaging techniques allow to visualize newborn neurons within the hippocampus through all their stages of development and differentiation. In humans, the evidence of AHN is more challenging, and, based on recent findings, it persists through the adulthood, even if it declines with age. Whether this process has an important role in human brain function and how it integrates into the existing hippocampal circuitry is still a matter of exciting debate. Importantly, AHN deficiency has been proposed to be relevant in many psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. This review aims to investigate how AHN is altered in different psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments can rescue this process. In fact, many psychoactive drugs, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), can boost AHN with different results. In addition, some non-pharmacological approaches are discussed as well.

scholarly journals An architectonic type principle in the development of laminar patterns of cortico-cortical connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Beul ◽  
Alexandros Goulas ◽  
Claus C. Hilgetag
Keyword(s):  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Cortical Connections ◽  
Cortical Projections ◽  
Structural Connections ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStructural connections between cortical areas form an intricate network with a high degree of specificity. Many aspects of this complex network organization in the adult mammalian cortex are captured by an architectonic type principle, which relates structural connections to the architectonic differentiation of brain regions. In particular, the laminar patterns of projection origins are a prominent feature of structural connections that varies in a graded manner with the relative architectonic differentiation of connected areas in the adult brain. Here we show that the architectonic type principle is already apparent for the laminar origins of cortico-cortical projections in the immature cortex of the macaque monkey. We find that prenatal and neonatal laminar patterns correlate with cortical architectonic differentiation, and that the relation of laminar patterns to architectonic differences between connected areas is not substantially altered by the complete loss of visual input. Moreover, we find that the degree of change in laminar patterns that projections undergo during development varies in proportion to the relative architectonic differentiation of the connected areas. Hence, it appears that initial biases in laminar projection patterns become progressively strengthened by later developmental processes. These findings suggest that early neurogenetic processes during the formation of the brain are sufficient to establish the characteristic laminar projection patterns. This conclusion is in line with previously suggested mechanistic explanations underlying the emergence of the architectonic type principle and provides further constraints for exploring the fundamental factors that shape structural connectivity in the mammalian brain.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment prevents the late effect of acute stress-induced fear extinction deficit: the role of hippocampal AMPA-GluA1 phosphorylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santana Novaes ◽  
Letícia Morais Bueno-de-Camargo ◽  
Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Memory Extinction ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractThe persistence of anxiety and the deficit of fear memory extinction are both phenomena related to the symptoms of a trauma-related disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently we have shown that single acute restraint stress (2 h) in rats induces a late anxiety-related behavior (observed ten days after stress), whereas, in the present work, we found that the same stress impaired fear extinction in animals conditioned ten days after stress. Fourteen days of environmental enrichment (EE) prevented the deleterious effect of stress on fear memory extinction. Additionally, we observed that EE prevented the stress-induced increase in AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit phosphorylation in the hippocampus, but not in the basolateral amygdala complex and the frontal cortex, indicating a potential mechanism by which it exerts its protective effect against the stress-induced behavioral outcome.

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