scholarly journals Author response: Structure in the variability of the basic reproductive number (R0) for Zika epidemics in the Pacific islands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Champagne ◽  
David Georges Salthouse ◽  
Richard Paul ◽  
Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau ◽  
Benjamin Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Structure in the variability of the basic reproductive number (R0) for Zika epidemics in the Pacific islands

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Champagne ◽  
David Georges Salthouse ◽  
Richard Paul ◽  
Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau ◽  
Benjamin Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

Before the outbreak that reached the Americas in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated in Asia and the Pacific: these past epidemics can be highly informative on the key parameters driving virus transmission, such as the basic reproduction number (R0). We compare two compartmental models with different mosquito representations, using surveillance and seroprevalence data for several ZIKV outbreaks in Pacific islands (Yap, Micronesia 2007, Tahiti and Moorea, French Polynesia 2013-2014, New Caledonia 2014). Models are estimated in a stochastic framework with recent Bayesian techniques. R0 for the Pacific ZIKV epidemics is estimated between 1.5 and 4.1, the smallest islands displaying higher and more variable values. This relatively low range of R0 suggests that intervention strategies developed for other flaviviruses should enable as, if not more effective control of ZIKV. Our study also highlights the importance of seroprevalence data for precise quantitative analysis of pathogen propagation, to design prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Structure in the variability of the basic reproductive number (R0) for Zika epidemics in the Pacific islands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Champagne ◽  
David Georges Salthouse ◽  
Richard Paul ◽  
Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau ◽  
Benjamin Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

AbstractBefore the outbreak that reached the Americas in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated in Asia and the Pacific: these past epidemics can be highly informative on the key parameters driving virus transmission, such as the basic reproduction number (R0). We compare two compartmental models with different mosquito representations, using surveillance and seroprevalence data for several ZIKV outbreaks in Pacific islands (Yap, Micronesia 2007, Tahiti and Moorea, French Polynesia 2013-2014, New Caledonia 2014). Models are estimated in a stochastic framework with state-of-the-art Bayesian techniques. R0 for the Pacific ZIKV epidemics is estimated between 1.5 and 4.1, the smallest islands displaying higher and more variable values. This relatively low range of R0 suggests that intervention strategies developed for other flaviviruses should enable as, if not more effective control of ZIKV. Our study also highlights the importance of seroprevalence data for precise quantitative analysis of pathogen propagation, to design prevention and control strategies.

Growing Coconut Palms in the Pacific Islands: Colliding Knowledge and Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
The West ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Coconuts provided commodities for the West in the form of coconut oil and copra. Once colonial governments established control of the tropical Pacific Islands, they needed revenue so urged European settlers to establish coconut plantations. For some decades most copra came from Indigenous growers. Administrations constantly urged the people to thin old groves and plant new ones like plantations, in grid patterns, regularly spaced and weeded. Local growers were instructed to collect all fallen coconuts for copra from their groves. For half a century, the administrations’ requirements met with Indigenous passive resistance. This paper examines the underlying reasons for this, elucidating Indigenous ecological and social values, based on experiential knowledge, knowledge that clashed with Western scientific values.

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