Author response: Electron transport chain biogenesis activated by a JNK-insulin-Myc relay primes mitochondrial inheritance in Drosophila

Background:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and T helper 17 (TH17) cells have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the interrelationship between ROS and TH17 remains unclear in RAObjectives:To explore whether ROS affect TH17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of RA patients, we analyzed ROS expressions among T cell subsets following treatment with mitochondrial electron transport chain complex inhibitors.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 40 RA patients and 10 healthy adult volunteers. RA activity was divided according to clinical parameter DAS28. PBMC cells were obtained from the whole blood using lymphocyte separation medium density gradient centrifugation. Following PBMC was stained with Live/Dead stain dye, cells were incubated with antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD25. After fixation and permeabilization, samples were stained with antibodies for FoxP3 and IL-17A. MitoSox were used for mitochondrial specific staining.Results:The frequency of TH17 cells was increased by 4.83 folds in moderate disease activity group (5.1>DAS28≥3.2) of RA patients compared to healthy control. Moderate RA activity patients also showed higher ratio of TH17/Treg than healthy control (3.57 folds). All RA patients had elevated expression of mitochondrial specific ROS than healthy control. When PBMC cells were treated with 2.5uM of antimycin A (mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor) for 16 h, the frequency of TH17 cells was significantly decreased.Conclusion:The mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor markedly downregulated the frequency of TH17 cells in moderate disease activity patients with RA. These findings provide a novel approach to regulate TH17 function in RA through mitochondrial metabolism related ROS production.References:[1]Szekanecz, Z., et al., New insights in synovial angiogenesis. Joint Bone Spine, 2010. 77(1): p. 13-9.[2]Prevoo, M.L., et al., Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 1995. 38(1): p. 44-8.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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The Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51828-7 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 238 (12) ◽

pp. 4058-4062 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.M. Smillie ◽

R.P. Levine

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Electron Transport Chain ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain ◽

Transport Chain

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Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complex I, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity, and Mutations in ND1 and ND4 Gene in Autism Spectrum Disorder Subjects from Tamil Nadu Population, India

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-021-02492-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iyer Mahalaxmi ◽

Mohana Devi Subramaniam ◽

Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan ◽

Balachandar Vellingiri

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽

Complex I ◽

Electron Transport Chain ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Chain Complex ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain ◽

Transport Chain

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Effects of Different Planting Densities on Photosynthesis in Maize Determined via Prompt Fluorescence, Delayed Fluorescence and P700 Signals

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Wanying Chen ◽

Bo Jia ◽

Junyu Chen ◽

Yujiao Feng ◽

Yue Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽

Electron Transport Chain ◽

Plant Density ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽

Planting Density ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain ◽

Transport Chain

The mutual shading among individual field-grown maize plants resulting from high planting density inevitably reduces leaf photosynthesis, while regulating the photosynthetic transport chain has a strong impact on photosynthesis. However, the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in maize currently remains unclear. In this study, we simultaneously measured prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF), modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) and delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF) in order to investigate the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in two maize hybrids widely grown in China. PF transients demonstrated a gradual reduction in their signal amplitude with increasing planting density. In addition, high planting density induced positive J-step and G-bands of the PF transients, reduced the values of PF parameters PIABS, RC/CSO, TRO/ABS, ETO/TRO and REO/ETO, and enhanced ABS/RC and N. MR kinetics showed an increase of their lowest point with increasing high planting density, and thus the values of MR parameters VPSI and VPSII-PSI were reduced. The shapes of DF induction and decay curves were changed by high planting density. In addition, high planting density reduced the values of DF parameters I1, I2, L1 and L2, and enhanced I2/I1. These results suggested that high planting density caused harm on multiple components of maize photosynthetic electron transport chain, including an inactivation of PSII RCs, a blocked electron transfer between QA and QB, a reduction in PSI oxidation and re-reduction activities, and an impaired PSI acceptor side. Moreover, a comparison between PSII and PSI activities demonstrated the greater effect of plant density on the former.

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