scholarly journals Zero nouns with and without objects

Nordlyd ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Antonio Fábregas
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
The Relationship

One of the main topics on the study of the relationship between syntax and morphology is (deverbal) nominalizations. In this area, several generalizations that tie the morphological make-up with the syntactic structure have been made. Most relevantly, it has been argued that only overt nominalizations (those that include a nominalizer like <em>-ation</em> or <em>‑ment</em>) are allowed to have internal arguments introduced in their structural representation. In this paper, we address some previously unexplained apparent counterexamples to this generalization, and we argue that they can be captured if particular restrictions on the spell out of the syntactic structure are taken into consideration.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on metaphor comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Do task properties matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Kalandadze ◽  
Valentina Bambini ◽  
Kari-Anne B. Næss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in comprehending metaphors compared to individuals with typical development (TD). However, there is a large variation in the results across studies, possibly related to the properties of the metaphor tasks. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (a) explored the properties of the metaphor tasks used in ASD research, and (b) investigated the group difference between individuals with ASD and TD on metaphor comprehension, as well as the relationship between the task properties and any between-study variation. A systematic search was undertaken in seven relevant databases. Fourteen studies fulfilled our predetermined inclusion criteria. Across tasks, we detected four types of response format and a great variety of metaphors in terms of familiarity, syntactic structure, and linguistic context. Individuals with TD outperformed individuals with ASD on metaphor comprehension (Hedges’ g = −0.63). Verbal explanation response format was utilized in the study showing the largest effect size in the group comparison. However, due to the sparse experimental manipulations, the role of task properties could not be established. Future studies should consider and report task properties to determine their role in metaphor comprehension, and to inform experimental paradigms as well as educational assessment.

Text As A Form Of Integration Of Linguistic Units In Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Nurmanov F.I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Relationship

The article focuses on the syntactic structure of the text with its semantic-syntactic-stylistic integrity, the structure and the relationship between the content of the constituent parts of the structure as well as its role in the development of writing skills and oral speech.

scholarly journals Self- and Other-Repairs in Child-Adult Interaction: A Case Study of a Pair of Persian-Speaking Twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Leily Ziglari ◽  
Burhan Ozfidan ◽  
Quentin Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Self Repair ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Twenty-five years ago, Schegloff (1989) proposed that repair is the most crucial factor in understanding the nature of language development. By observing and examining the repairs children make, not only can we understand repair organization, but also children language development and cognitive stage. Research in syntactic structure of repair, self-initiated self-repair (SISR) or other-repair have gained enough attention in recent years through the works of Forrester (2008), Radford (2008), and Morgenstern, Leroy, &amp; Caef (2013). Some studies analyzed both self-repair and other-repair (Morgenstern et al., 2013; Salonen &amp; Laakso, 2009; Forrester, 2008), whereas a few other studies analyzed only other-repairs from the perspective of parents (Huang, 2011). There are many studies done regarding the incidence of self-repair over other-repair (Schegloff et al., 1977); the relationship between repair and turn (Schegloff, 1988); corrective feedback (Laakso &amp; Soininen, 2010); other-repetition (Huang, 2011); and adult’s self-repair (Laakso &amp; Sorjonen, 2010). However, there is some inconsistency in their findings. The data for this study comprised four video-recorded adult-child interactions at a children’s home in various interactional activities (role-play, short story, or watching cartoons. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of self- and other-repairs in the language acquisition process of Persian children and to investigate if there is a relationship between child’s self-repair and adult’s other-repair.</p>

Structural Representation of Social Behavior in Rodents

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Robert Deitchman ◽  
Patrick Maloney ◽  
Ralph A. Alexander ◽  
Richard H. Haude
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Derived Categories ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Visual Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

The value of using multivariate techniques in categorization of behaviors derived from naturalistic observations was examined. It is suggested that these techniques are superior to the traditional methods of forming categories based on a priori conceptualizations, simply correlating the measures, or leaving the categorization of a multitude of behaviors to the reader. The present study used factor analytic techniques to identify both the number and nature of dimensions of rodents' social behaviors observed in the open field. Predictions as to the relationship between these derived categories and visual behaviors were then made. It was shown that rodents' social behavior is not unidimensional and is related to visual experience. Also, the utility of using multivariate statistics for both analyzing and categorizing a large number of behaviors was shown.

scholarly journals Meaning in multisemiotic messages – functions of gestures accompanying speech as elements of utterance structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Izabela Kraśnicka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of the article will be the discussion of the issue of how gestures accompanying speech may complement a gap in a statement. The considerations will cover particular ways of filling such a gap, both semantically and taking into account the place of the gesture in the syntactic structure of the sentence. The subject of interest will be the analysis of spontaneous statements of interlocutors, which will allow for the isolation of word-gesture wholes; it will likewise describe the relationship between the two modes ahead of recounting the functions of gestures in the structure of the entire utterance. The analysis is based on commentaries from one of the journalistic programs hosting politicians in Poland.

STRUCTURAL AND TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE AVAR LANGUAGE SENTENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Zulaikhat Magomedovna Mallaeva
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Content ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between the semantics of a sentence and its grammatical structure. The complexity of the research is due to the following factors: 1) the lack of own research methods for the grammat-ical structure of the sentence; 2) the absence of more or less fully explicated concepts and terms for the study of the semantics of the sentence. In the Dagestan languages of the ergative typology, such structural types of sentences are presented, which differ both in terms of content and in terms of grammatical design of this content. The peculiarities of the syntactic structure of the language of the Dagestan languages cannot be investigated without establishing the regular connections that exist between the structural types of the sentence and the logical content of the sentence, on the one hand, and between the semantics of the sentence and a special grammatical form of representation of this content, on the other hand.

Meaning and Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Richard Rystrom
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Beginning Readers ◽  
Reading Teachers ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Reading Behaviors ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
The Relationship

Reading teachers and researchers have frequently assumed there is Some relationship between the syntactic structure of language and the reading acquisition process. Indeed, most methods for teaching reading are implicitly built upon assumptions about the interactions between language and reading behaviors. Often the findings of linguists can be used to suggest the nature of the relationship described above. Illustrated in this paper are different sentences which can be transformed in such a way that each has the same surface structure (typographic appearance) as the others, but which do not have the same meanings (deep structure). The paper illustrates why sentences which have various different meanings implicit in their syntactic structure would be difficult for beginning readers to understand.

scholarly journals Attentive Gated Graph Neural Network for Image Scene Graph Generation

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Shuohao Li ◽  
Min Tang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Lincheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
Scene Graph ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Genome Dataset

Image scene graph is a semantic structural representation which can not only show what objects are in the image, but also infer the relationships and interactions among them. Despite the recent success in object detection using deep neural networks, automatically recognizing social relations of objects in images remains a challenging task due to the significant gap between the domains of visual content and social relation. In this work, we translate the scene graph into an Attentive Gated Graph Neural Network which can propagate a message by visual relationship embedding. More specifically, nodes in gated neural networks can represent objects in the image, and edges can be regarded as relationships among objects. In this network, an attention mechanism is applied to measure the strength of the relationship between objects. It can increase the accuracy of object classification and reduce the complexity of relationship classification. Extensive experiments on the widely adopted Visual Genome Dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Imitating and Evaluating Real and Transformed Musical Performances

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Generative Model ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Rhythmic Structure ◽  
Musical Performances ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complete Account

Expression in musical performance is usually accounted for in terms of a generative model that takes a structural description as input and produces expressive modifications of rhythmic structure as output. This idea is examined in two experiments. In the first, piano players try to imitate heard performances that are either real performances by another pianist, or one of three kinds of transformations of the original performance that disrupt the relationship between structure and expression in different ways. The results show that the more the relationship is disrupted, the more inaccurate and unstable is the imitation attempt, thus providing support for the generative model. The players have some ability to imitate the disrupted versions, however, demonstrating that the generative model is not a complete account, and some explanations are offered for this. The second experiment assesses listeners' responses to the materials of the first experiment and shows that their preference ratings for the various versions of the melodies follow essentially the same pattern as do the accuracy/stability measures for the imitation attempts. This is taken as further evidence for the generative model in both performing and listening and for the central role of a structural representation in understanding and evaluating musical expression.

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