Substantiation of Approaches to the Analysis and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Participants in the Implementation of Diversifcation Programs.

Purpose: of the article is to substantiate conceptual approaches to the formation of a toolkit for assessing the effectiveness of participants in the development and implementation of diversifcation programs for enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the context of digital transformation of management.Methods: the research methodology is based on general economic approaches to studying the problems of the efciency of economic activity of economic entities and special approaches to the formation of complex systems for analyzing and assessing the effectiveness and efciency of the activities of project management participants in the process of developing and implementing programs for the diversifcation of the defense industry. The basis of the methodology is the concept of performance management in the context of digital transformation of management.Results: the article presents the key provisions and the main results of the study, obtained on the basis of studying the materials of scientific publications and open information sources in the subject area under consideration using the methods of logical, content and statistical analysis. Based on the specifcs of diversifcation programs, it is proposed to use the provisions of the performance management concept as a theoretical basis for the formation of a tool for assessing the activities of their participants. An integral multiplicative criterion of efciency for a comprehensive assessment of activities is proposed. It is built on the indicators of fve aspects of assessing the performance of participants in diversifcation programs. These aspects assess the completenes s of the organizational and methodological support of the diversification process, the consolidated effectiveness and efciency of the program activities, the quality of management, as well as the fnancial security of the implementation of the diversifcation program activities.Conclusions and Relevance: a scenario approach to substantiating the parameters of the incentive mechanism in the model of coordinated activity of the participants in the implementation of the diversifcation program is proposed, which takes into account the assessment of its commercial parameters. The results presented in the article are useful in the development of methodological support for assessing the effectiveness and organizing incentives for participants in diversifcation programs in the context of the formation of a digital ecosystem for managing enterprises of the military-industrial complex.

“Word Code” by O.O. Suleimenov in Electronic-handwritten and Printed Versions

The article provides a comparative analysis of an electronic manuscript and a printed book by O.O. Suleimenov Word code. Introduction to the Universal Etymological Dictionary 1001 Words. The similarities and differences in semantic and stylistic nominations of titles and paragraphs in the manuscript and in the printed original are considered. Structural and qualitative differences in the content of the new titles of the book, the peculiarities of the semantic advancement in them, which include a brief reflection of the content of the corresponding section of the study, are revealed and analyzed. The analysis and thesis description of new paragraphs, which were introduced by the author after working on the electronic manuscript of the book, are carried out. The main conceptual approach of O.O. Suleimenov to the search for the ancient primary source of the word (etymon) and writing both in the manuscript and in the original of the book, is to consider in unity, in close interconnection, the main five aspects of a scientific problem: figurative image (drawing, hieroglyph), concept, word, meaning, pronunciation linguistic unit in languages, adverbs, dialects, dialects in antiquity and now, their semantic and sound similarities and differences in different regions of the earth. The evolution of the wording of the titles and the semantic and stylistic advancement in them is significant, which is associated either with a slight lexical change in the wording of the title of the paragraph, or with the introduction of a different (updated) title, or with the introduction of a new paragraph into the structure of the book. These innovations of the author contributed to the improvement of the structural and logical-content significance of the book.

STRUCTURAL AND TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE AVAR LANGUAGE SENTENCE

The article examines the relationship between the semantics of a sentence and its grammatical structure. The complexity of the research is due to the following factors: 1) the lack of own research methods for the grammat-ical structure of the sentence; 2) the absence of more or less fully explicated concepts and terms for the study of the semantics of the sentence. In the Dagestan languages of the ergative typology, such structural types of sentences are presented, which differ both in terms of content and in terms of grammatical design of this content. The peculiarities of the syntactic structure of the language of the Dagestan languages cannot be investigated without establishing the regular connections that exist between the structural types of the sentence and the logical content of the sentence, on the one hand, and between the semantics of the sentence and a special grammatical form of representation of this content, on the other hand.

Foundations of Biology

It is often stated that there are no laws in biology, where everything is contingent and could have been otherwise, being solely the result of historical accidents. Furthermore, the customary introduction of fundamental biological entities such as individual organisms, cells, genes, catalysts, and motors remains largely descriptive; constructive approaches involving deductive reasoning appear, in comparison, almost absent. As a consequence, both the logical content and principles of biology need to be reconsidered. The present article describes an inquiry into the foundations of biology. The foundations of biology are built in terms of elements, logic, and principles, using both the language and the general methods employed in other disciplines. This approach assumes the existence of a certain unity of human knowledge that transcends discipline boundaries. Leibniz’s principle of sufficient reason is revised through a study of the complementary concepts of symmetry and asymmetry and of necessity and contingency. This is used to explain how these concepts are involved in the elaboration of theories or laws of nature. Four fundamental theories of biology are then identified: cell theory, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, an informational theory of life (which includes Mendel’s theory of inheritance) and a physico-chemical theory of life. Atomism and deductive reasoning are shown to enter into the elaboration of the concepts of natural selection, individual living organisms, cells, and their reproduction, genes, as well as catalysts and motors. This work contributes to clarify the philosophical and logical structure of biology and its major theories. This should ultimately lead to a better understanding of the origin of life, of system and synthetic biology, and of artificial life.

Expanding the Frontiers of the Right to Work through Migration: An Evolving Regime

This paper explores the strategic interest in promoting the right to work through migration. Ideally, migrant workers whether under contract or other formal arrangements, or simply setting off on their own initiative should be given a basic understanding of the language, culture, legal, social, and political structures of the states to which they are going. This is really important given the complex nature of the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families, as an evolving regime that has faced difficulties in the implementation of their rights to work at the global level. This paper therefore set out to examine why most migrant workers experience challenges in securing employment, while some have to surmount far more barriers either before their departure, or at the time of their admission to the state of employment of all conditions applicable to their admission, as well as of the requirements they must satisfy in the state of employment and the authority to which they must satisfy in the state of employment and the authority to which they must address themselves for any modifications of those conditions. The methodology underpinning the research is essentially descriptive, thus, deductive logical “content analysis” is employed. This paper among other things argues that the consequences of migration and the situation of vulnerability in which migrant workers and members of their families frequently-find themselves cannot only be solved by having a functional fundamental human rights approach on the complexity of social, economics, and cultural issues prevalent in the migration regime. This paper concludes that with due respect to the author and to his concern for the protection and promotion of the right to work through migration, is to say the least, is a first step towards a sustainable promotion of the right to work through migration.

ON THE ISSUE OF LEXICAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING SCIENTIFIC PAPER TITLES

The article deals with the problem of researching translation of scientific paper titles, which includes consideration of the title as a specific type of concise text and translation of scientific and technical terminology. Both aspects are relevant at the time of rapidly increasing information flows and the development of various technologies and scientific challenges. The main sources of typical translation problems are incorrect reproduction of ambiguous common vocabulary, abbreviations, "false friends of the translator", paronyms, pseudo-internationalisms, foreign words and terms, various proper names and titles. Problems of translating titles are studied in a number of linguistic works. S. Barkhudarov, G. A Weikhman, O. M. Kovalenko, D. Bieber, and others made a significant contribution to the development of the problem. But, in our opinion, there are still unresolved issues, in particular, one of them - lexical problems of title translation and means of overcoming them. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze the means of translation of scientific vocabulary in the titles in order to establish their expediency or inexpediency. The main translation techniques for lexical items are calquing, addition, omission, concretization, generalization and compensation. It can be noted that this type of translation of names requires not only linguistic, but also scientific and technical, and journalistic knowledge. Knowledge and correct use of the above translation methods will help to avoid incorrect transmission of English vocabulary in the Ukrainian language, as well as distortion of the logical content. The translation of the titles of English popular science articles is a complex but interesting process, which, in principle, is a careful work on many lexical and grammatical difficulties. The title, like a mirror, reflects all the difficulties of translating English text.

Documentology: The background and development

The article explains the objective reason for the emergence of documentology along with documentation and documentary studies, the relevance and practical significance for library science and bibliography. Attention is drawn to the outstanding role of Paul Otlet (Paul Marie Ghislain Otlet; 1868–1944) in the promotion and development of the theoretical foundations of the general theory of the document. The concept of three worlds, in particular, “the world of logical content of books, libraries, computer memory, and the like”, developed by Karl Popper (Karl Raimund Popper; 1902–1994) enabled to bring documentology to the level of a philosophical discipline. The stages of development of documentology are defined. The first stage embraces the late 19th – first half of the 20th centurys, the second covers the mid-20th century (1950–60s), when in the USSR it was known as “documentalistics”. Simultaneously, since the early 1960s, the document science has been developing with its specific methodology, individual acts and systems of documenting and creating documents, and on this foundation, their complexes and systems (the third stage). The documentation is contradictory: it claims to study both documents as proper objects, and those objects of workflow management, which have got the term “records” used in the Western countries. The fourth stage of development of the document general theory originates in the second half of the 1980s. In the early 1990s, Moscow State Institute of Culture proposed the term documentology to be used for the general theory of documents. The discipline core embraces the issues related to the conceptual apparatus, functional analysis of documents, study of their characteristics, parameters and properties, document classification, as well as study of the documents as a means of communication and an element of document collections.

THE MECHANISM FOR CALCULATION OF PAYMENT FOR EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT TERMINATION AN THE INITIATIVE OF THE EMPLOYEE – A PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE

To study the issue of establishing a mechanism for calculating the amount of payment in the event of termination of an employment contract at the initiative of an athlete (at his own discretion). Study and logical-content analysis of legislative acts and court decisions on disputes on termination of employment contract at the initiative of a professional sportsman (at his own will); synthesis of concepts and theoretical provisions; generalization of experi-ence of foreign countries. As a results. The analysis of materials of international, foreign and domestic court prac-tice in cases of termination of employment contracts by professional soccer players at their own will allowed to establish the imperfection of the labor legislation of the Russian Federa-tion in terms of the absence of borders and criteria for establishing the amount of compensa-tion to be paid by the employee in the event of termination of the employment contract at his own will, and also allowed to determine the mechanism for calculating the amount of the said payment. It seems that it is correct from the point of view of protecting the rights and interests of professional soccer players' employees and employers-football clubs to establish at the level of the labor legislation a mechanism for calculating the amount of compensation payable in the event of termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the sportsman (at his own will). The amount of this amount should include payments similar to those included in the amount of compensation for training at the transition of a professional soccer club from one professional soccer club to another. In case of conclusion of a fixed-term employment contract with an athlete, the "price of the rupture" of the employment contract at the initiative of the employee should be the amount of his unearned wages and other agreed payments (by analogy with Art. 249 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If an employment contract was concluded as an open-ended one, the amount of compensation to be paid should be a multiple (perhaps three times, by analogy with Art. 181 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) the amount of wages of such employee.

Traditional and Modern Concepts of Rhetoric: Six Peculiarities

The article explores the common denominators and differences of traditional and modern understandings of rhetoric. It reveals main tendencies of development of rhetoric as a field of theoretical knowledge and transformations of the problematics. The issue of interrelation between logical-content and extra-logical (psychological, aesthetic, ethical, linguistic, ritual) factors in traditional and modern concepts of rhetoric is discussed. The following thesis is substantiated that in modern concepts of rhetoric both the arsenal of tricks used and the area of operation are expanded to include other forms and manifestations of human communication in line with the individual-to-audience model. It is argued that, unlike traditional rhetoric, which is largely monologue-based, modern concepts mostly implement rhetoric tricks in negotiation, debate, and competition situations. The article analyzes the issue of correlation between oral public and direct speech on the one hand, and, on the other, written speech and mediated means of communication in the traditional and modern concepts of rhetoric. The view is substantiated that in the modern system of rhetoric, much importance is attached to ethical questions, to the issues whether the means used are permissible or inadmissible in terms of effective communication norms. The relations between the philosophical theory of rhetoric (general rhetoric) and its individual spheres are discussed.

Current State of the Convention and Exhibition Market and Event Services: Problems and Development Trends in a Metropolis

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the market for convention, exhibition, and event services in large cities (through the example of St. Petersburg).Tasks. The authors analyze the current state of the market for convention, exhibition, and event services with allowance for the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, describe the role of convention, exhibition, and event activities as a driving force for the development of large cities, and propose ways to restore the convention, exhibition, and event industry in the post-pandemic period.Methods. This study uses the methods of systematization, logical, content, and statistical analysis to examine the structural elements of the system “convention and exhibition activities — metropolis”.Results. The essential characteristics of convention and exhibition activities and specific features of functioning of the market for convention, exhibition and event services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are determined. Development trends and directions of market transformations in the post pandemic period are identified, and proposals for expanding the effects of online formats in the event industry are formulated.Conclusions. The study shows the importance of the convention, exhibition, and event industry as a factor in generating business tourist flows to a destination, as a driving force for the development of a metropolis, as a factor in differentiating tourism and related services, and as a basis for attracting investment and implementing major infrastructure projects in a region hosting major business events. Regarding the development of online formats, the advisability of creating specialized marketplaces in the field of convention, exhibition, and event services is shown.