scholarly journals Enhancement Of Motor Recovery Through Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation After Acute Ischemic Stroke

2017 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Shahram Oveisgharan ◽  
Hosein Organji ◽  
Asgar Ghorbani ◽  
Vladimir Hachinski
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Stimulation Group

Background: Two previous studies, which investigated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) use in motor recovery after acute ischemic stroke, did not show tDCS to be effective in this regard. We speculated that additional left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ‎(DLPFC) ‎stimulation may enhance post stroke motor recovery.  ‎Methods: In the present randomized clinical trial, 20 acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited. Patients received real motor cortex (M1) stimulation in both arms of the trial. The two arms differed in terms of real vs. sham stimulation over the left DLPFC‎. Motor component of the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FM) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores were used to assess primary outcomes, and non-linear mixed effects models were used for data analyses.Results: Primary outcome measures improved more and faster among the real stimulation group. During the first days of stimulations, sham group’s FM scores increased 1.2 scores per day, while real group’s scores increased 1.7 scores per day (P = 0.003). In the following days, FM improvement decelerated in both groups. Based on the derived models, a hypothetical stroke patient with baseline FM score of 15 improves to 32 in the sham stimulation group and to 41 in the real stimulation group within the first month after stroke. Models with ARAT scores yielded nearly similar results.Conclusion: The current study results showed that left DLPFC‎ stimulation in conjunction with M1 stimulation resulted in better motor recovery than M1 stimulation alone.       

scholarly journals Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex influences perceived pleasantness of food

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C Anderson ◽  
Julie Cantelon ◽  
Amanda Holmes ◽  
Grace Giles ◽  
Tad Brunye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

The ability to regulate the intake of unhealthy foods is critical in modern, calorie dense food environments. Frontal areas of the brain, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), are thought to play a central role in cognitive control and emotional regulation. Therefore, increasing activity in the DLPFC may enhance these functions which could improve the ability to reappraise and resist consuming highly palatable but unhealthy foods. One technique for modifying brain activity is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive technique for modulating neuronal excitability that can influence performance on a range of cognitive tasks. We tested whether tDCS targeting the DLPFC would influence how people perceived highly palatable foods. In the present study, 98 participants were randomly assigned to receive a single session of active tDCS or sham stimulation. While receiving active or sham stimulation, participants viewed images of highly palatable foods and reported how pleasant it would be to eat each food (liking) and how strong their urge was to eat each food (wanting). We found that participants who received active versus sham tDCS stimulation perceived food as less pleasant, but there was no difference in how strong their urge was to eat the foods. Our findings suggest that modulating excitability in the DLPFC influences “liking” but not “wanting” of highly palatable foods. Non-invasive brain stimulation might be a useful technique for influencing the hedonic experience of eating and might have implications for changing food consumption.

scholarly journals A double-blind sham-controlled phase 1 clinical trial of tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cocaine inpatients: craving, sleepiness, and contemplation to change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault ◽  
Akarsh Sharma ◽  
Abhishek Datta ◽  
Ester M. Nakamura-Palacios ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The Real ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

AbstractImpaired inhibitory control accompanied by enhanced salience attributed to drug-related cues, both dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) functions, are hallmarks of drug addiction, contributing to worse symptomatology including craving. dlPFC modulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) showed craving reduction in inpatients with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Our study aimed at assessing feasibility of a longer tDCS protocol in CUD (15 vs. the common five/10 sessions), and replicability of previous results.In a randomized double-blind sham-controlled protocol, 17 inpatients were assigned to either a real-tDCS (right anodal/left cathodal) or a sham-tDCS condition, for 15 sessions. Primary outcome measures were self-reported craving, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Secondary measures included sleepiness, readiness to change drug use, and affect. We also assessed cognitive function including impulsivity.An 82% retention rate demonstrated feasibility. Partially supporting previous results, there was a trend for self-reported craving to decrease in the real-tDCS group more than the sham group, an effect that would reach significance with 15 subjects per group. Quality of life and impulsivity improved over time of treatment in both groups. Significant group × time interactions showed improvements after treatment only in the real-tDCS group for daytime sleepiness and readiness to change drug use. One-month follow-up suggested transient effects of tDCS on sleepiness and craving.This study suggests that more subjects are needed to show a unique effect of real-tDCS on craving and to examine the duration of effect. Increased vigilance and motivation to change in the real-tDCS group suggest fortification of dlPFC-supported executive functions.

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