Prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in the Respiratory Tract of Healthy North American Bison (Bison bison) and Comparison with Serum Antibody Status

AbstractWidespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans raises the theoretical risk of reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions of SARS-CoV-2 into permissive nondomesticated animals. Here we report that North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection following intranasal exposure to a human isolate, resulting in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract with little or no signs of disease. Further, shed infectious virus is detectable in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in feces and occasionally urine. We further show that deer mice are capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to naïve deer mice through direct contact. The extent to which these observations may translate to wild deer mouse populations remains unclear, and the risk of reverse zoonosis and/or the potential for the establishment of Peromyscus rodents as a North American reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown.

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The onset of puberty in North American bison (Bison bison) bulls

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.01.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. Helbig ◽

M.R. Woodbury ◽

J.C. Haigh ◽

A.D. Barth

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Bison Bison

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PSXI-8 Heritability estimates of antibody- and cell-mediated immune response in north American angus beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 244-245

Author(s):

Shannon Beard ◽

Doug C Hodgins ◽

Julie Schmied ◽

Jeff Caswell ◽

Michael M Lohuis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

North American ◽

Animal Health ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Intradermal Injection ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Heritability Estimates

Abstract Including immune response traits in breeding programs has been suggested as a solution to improve overall animal health and enhance disease resistance but is not yet available for Angus cattle in North America. One way to measure immune response is to use the High Immune Response (HIR™) technology, which identifies animals with superior heritable immunity by evaluating antibody-mediated (AMIR) and cell-mediated (CMIR) immune response, allowing for the calculation of an estimated breeding value for total adaptive immune response for each animal. Before HIR™ can be included in beef cattle breeding programs, genetic parameters, including heritability, must be estimated for the traits involved. The objective of this study was to estimate a preliminary heritability for AMIR and CMIR in North American Angus beef cattle. On day 0 of the phenotyping protocol, cattle were immunized intramuscularly with a preparation of type 1 (CMIR) and type 2 (AMIR) antigens with adjuvant. On day 14, cattle received an intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of the CMIR test antigen in the right tail fold, and 0.1 mL PBS in the left tail fold. Change in cutaneous double skinfold thickness after 24 hours was used to assess CMIR. Blood was collected on days 0 and 14 to evaluate serum antibody to the type 2 antigen by ELISA to quantify AMIR. Heritability estimates were calculated for Canada and the USA separately, and then for both countries combined using single-trait animal models in ASReml and are presented in Table 1. The results of this study indicate that the heritabilities of AMIR and CMIR are moderate and emphasize the potential for its inclusion into Angus breeding schemes.

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The Pathology of Spontaneous Paratuberculosis in the North American Bison (Bison bison)

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.37-5-428 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 428-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

C. D. Buergelt ◽

A. W. Layton ◽

P. E. Ginn ◽

M. Taylor ◽

J. M. King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Bison Bison ◽

The North

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Mucosally Induced Immunoglobulin E-Associated Inflammation in the Respiratory Tract

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.2.672-679.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 672-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jerry W. Simecka ◽

Raymond J. Jackson ◽

Hiroshi Kiyono ◽

Jerry R. McGhee

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Th2 Cells ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Interleukin 5 ◽

Nasal Immunization ◽

Igg1 Subclass

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine the immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic reactions, associated with nasal immunization with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT) combined with CT, and the responses of these mice were determined. After nasal immunization, mice produce a serum antibody response, primarily of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype of predominantly IgG1 subclass, against both TT and CT. Along with the antibody responses, we also found that inflammatory reactions, which could be potentially fatal, developed within the lung. Furthermore, IgE responses were also induced after nasal immunization, and these responses were associated with the detection of interleukin 5 in the serum. Thus, nasal immunization with TT plus CT likely results in the activation of Th2 cells, which may contribute to serious immunopathologic reactions in the lung.

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Seminal Plasma Modulates Sperm Quality in the North American Bison (Bison bison) Across Breeding and Non-Breeding Seasons.

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.175 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (Suppl_1) ◽

pp. 175-175

Author(s):

Sulochana Krishnakumar ◽

Douglas Whiteside ◽

Brett Elkin ◽

Jacob C. Thundathil

Keyword(s):

Seminal Plasma ◽

North American ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Bison Bison ◽

The North ◽

Breeding Seasons

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Acute lower respiratory tract infection due to Chlamydia and Mycoplasma spp. in Egyptian children under 5 years of age

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/fmn102 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 195-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Elkholy ◽

H. Elkaraksy ◽

A. Fattouh ◽

H. Bazaraa ◽

R. Hegazy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Egyptian Children ◽

Mycoplasma Spp ◽

Children Under 5

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Recombinant Bovine/Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (B/HPIV3) Expressing the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G and F Proteins Can Be Used To Achieve Simultaneous Mucosal Immunization against RSV and HPIV3

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.75.10.4594-4603.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 4594-4603 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Alexander C. Schmidt ◽

Josephine M. McAuliffe ◽

Brian R. Murphy ◽

Peter L. Collins

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Host Range ◽

Virus Type ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Parainfluenza Virus ◽

Range Restriction ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Human Parainfluenza Virus ◽

Type 3

ABSTRACT Recombinant bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rB/HPIV3), a recombinant bovine PIV3 (rBPIV3) in which the F and HN genes were replaced with their HPIV3 counterparts, was used to express the major protective antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in order to create a bivalent mucosal vaccine against RSV and HPIV3. The attenuation of rB/HPIV3 is provided by the host range restriction of the BPIV3 backbone in primates. RSV G and F open reading frames (ORFs) were placed under the control of PIV3 transcription signals and inserted individually into the rB/HPIV3 genome in the promoter-proximal position preceding the nucleocapsid protein gene. The recombinant PIV3 expressing the RSV G ORF (rB/HPIV3-G1) was not restricted in its replication in vitro, whereas the virus expressing the RSV F ORF (rB/HPIV3-F1) was eightfold restricted compared to its rB/HPIV3 parent. Both viruses replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract of hamsters, and each induced RSV serum antibody titers similar to those induced by RSV infection and anti-HPIV3 titers similar to those induced by HPIV3 infection. Immunization of hamsters with rB/HPIV3-G1, rB/HPIV3-F1, or a combination of both viruses resulted in a high level of resistance to challenge with RSV or HPIV3 28 days later. These results describe a vaccine strategy that obviates the technical challenges associated with a live attenuated RSV vaccine, providing, against the two leading viral agents of pediatric respiratory tract disease, a bivalent vaccine whose attenuation phenotype is based on the extensive host range sequence differences of BPIV3.

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