1. The Role of Rural Institutions and State Campaigns in Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-48
Keyword(s):  
Rural Institutions

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATORS IN RURAL INSTITUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Vilma Atkočiūnienė ◽  
Gintarė Vaznonienė ◽  
Alvydas Aleksandravičius
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Positive Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Paradigm Analysis ◽  
Economic Globalisation

In rural areas where life is slower but social problems tend to be deeper there is a need for urgent, pro-active and professional area-orientated development decisions. Due to challenges posed to agriculture by economic globalisation and sustainable development, both theoretical and applied scientific research is necessary for improving agricultural and rural development policies as well as their management. It should be highlighted that the demand for professional and innovative activities is significantly higher in rural development compared to the other sectors. The aim of this research is to explore the role and the functions of rural development administrators in rural institutions. The methodology of this research is based on the positive research paradigm, analysis of content and descriptive analysis, empirical study methods, logical and systematical reasoning, abstract and other methods. In order to assess the role of rural development administrators, three groups of experts (professionals, NGO and leaders of government organisations) were selected. Their opinions enabled the comparison of assumptions regarding the behaviour of rural development administrators as well as their participation in the process of rural development. The findings are expected to be useful for local, regional and national rural development policy makers and other actors inter-ested in management of rural development innovations in public sector.

scholarly journals Rural Institutions and Planned Change in Agriculture: A Comparative Perspective in Two Punjabs

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1155-1176
Author(s):  
Khalid Mustafa ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad Gill ◽  
Rashid Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Special Interest Groups ◽  
Agricultural Change ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural Institutions

Agricultural change in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs has been brought about by their respective governments through formal organisations—cooperatives, credit banks, agriculture departments and/or special interest groups at the local level. The changes produced during 1960s and in subsequent period were dramatic but unsettling. Many have argued that the achievement of agricultural change in the region has depended to an important extent on the effectiveness of rural institutions in executing their role as agents of planned change.1 The present paper seeks to review the debate on the role of rural institutions in producing social and economic changes in the agrarian sectors of the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs and present some of the data which have stimulated this debate. The paper commences with an overview of the agrarian change in the two Punjabs. Then the programmes of planned change in the two regions are described, and the particular institution of change—cooperatives, credit banks, agricultural departments etc. are discussed in detail. At the specific level, the study aims at delineating the role played by rural institutions in initiating, stimulating, sustaining or retarding change in agriculture sectors of the two Punjabs. The role of rural institutions as a policy instrument for the promotion of agricultural expansion is examined. And finally the paper points out the implications of the past experience for the future role of rural institutions in the two Punjabs.

The Role of Rural Institutions and State Campaigns in Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-48
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Looney
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Rural Institutions

This chapter discusses the role of rural institutions and state campaigns in development. Most accounts of rural development in East Asia privilege the role of land reform and the emergence of developmental states. However, this narrative is incomplete. A thorough examination of rural sector change in the region reveals the transformative effects of rural modernization campaigns, which can be defined as policies demanding high levels of bureaucratic and popular mobilization to overhaul traditional ways of life in the countryside. East Asian governments' use of campaigns runs counter to standard portrayals of the developmental state as wholly technocratic and demonstrates that rural development was not the inevitable result of industrialization. Rather, it was an intentional policy goal accomplished with techniques that aligned more with Maoism or Leninism than with market principles or careful economic management. The chapter begins by assessing common explanations for East Asian rural development in the post-World War II period. It then turns to the case of China and explores some of the reasons for rural policy failures in the Mao era (1949–1976) and successes in the reform era (1978–present). Finally, the chapter revisits the case of Japan and concludes with a few points about why existing theories of state-led development need to be reexamined.

scholarly journals Investasi Publik pada Sektor Pertanian di Era Otonomi

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Budiman Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Support Research

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>The paper aims to review the role of government and its policy instruments that enhance economic development and sectoral growth, especially those that relate to investments on infrastructural development such as irrigation and research and extension on agricultural commodities and sector. By appropriate identification of public investment needs and development of infrastructure that is required most by community and region, given its existing condition, agriculture can be pushed to develop forward. This in turn will move the economy further. Public investment on rural infrastructure, agricultural research, and public health and education are incentive factors that enable agriculture and non-agriculture to grow, by further generating employment opportunities, incomes and affordable food for the community. Research may have bias impacts on different group of the population The impact could be mitigated, however, if existing infrastructure services and rural institutions were bound to support research and development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Tujuan makalah ini adalah menelaah peranan pemerintah dan instrumen kebijakannya untuk mendorong pembangunan ekonomi dan perkembangan sektor-sektor ekonomi,terutama yang berkaitan dengan investasi pembangunan infrastruktur irigasi,penelitian dan penyuluhan yang diamati dalam komoditas dan sektor pertanian. Identifikasi kebutuhan investasi publik yang dilakukan dengan tepat dan pembangunan prasarana dan sarana yang sesuai dangan kebutuhan dan kemampuan masyarakat dan wilayah akan mendorong pembangunan pertanian. Dorongan ini pada gilirannya akan menggerakan perekonomian lebih cepat lagi. Investasi pemerintah dalam infrastruktur pedasaan,penelitian pertanian,kesehatan dan pendidikan masyarakat pedesaan mendorong pertumbuhan pertanian dan nonpertanian,yang menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya kesempatan kerja, pendapatan dan pangan yang lebih murah bagi penduduk. Penelitian mempunyai dampak yang berbeda bagi kelompok masyarakat yang berbeda. Namun,apabila jasa infrastruktur dan kelembagaan pedesaan yang tersedia berjalan seiring mendukung penelitian dan pengembangan,dampak diskriminatif tersebut dapat dikurangi</p>

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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