Dynamics of Individual Appropriation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Rüpke
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
Performance Texts ◽  
Historical Individual ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Knowledge Communication

This chapter focuses on ritual performance. An individual performance of a ritual was not merely a simple repetition of an eternally fixed formula, but rather the conscious attempt of a historical individual to do the ritual, to repeat a time-honored pattern, to perform it to and for others in a specific situation, in a particular place. Writing, that is literature, might have been part of the performance. Texts are not only a part of the actual performance but also a part of its context, part of the performer's and audience's knowledge. Communication about ritual performances can be a determining factor in the interpretation and modification of a ritual action, and an individual performance cannot be analyzed in isolation from communication about previous performances or about the norms of the ritual.

An Initial Test of a Theory of Individual Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Grade Point

This study provided an initial test of a comprehensive model of individual performance. The extent to which one's opportunity, capacity, and willingness to perform predict one's actual performance is examined. A questionnaire designed to measure opportunity, capacity, and willingness was administered to 213 college students, while performance was measured by the students' grade point averages Scores on Capacity and Willingness interacted to provide a reasonably accurate prediction of performance, but the effect of scores on Opportunity was nonsignificant.

Gendered Perceptions of Talent and Planned Participation in Mathematics

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Watt ◽  
Laurel Bornholt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Mathematics Courses ◽  
School Certificate ◽  
Mathematics Test ◽  
Determining Factor

An investigation of students’ perceptions of talent in relation to mathematics showed that gender stereotyped perceptions of talent were a determining factor in their planned mathematics courses in senior high school. Furthermore perception of talent affected students’ intended careers which also revealed gender imbalances in participation according to the level of mathematics required, as rated by six senior teacher educators from two universities in Sydney. The Year 10 students in Advanced and Intermediate courses were from coeducational government schools in an upper middle-class metropolitan area of Sydney. Actual performance on a standardised mathematics test was used to measure students’ achievement, and perception of talent and predicted mathematics participation were ascertained through use of a questionnaire. Despite similar performance on the test, boys perceived themselves as more talented than girls, and also planned to participate in the higher levels of mathematics more than girls, both in the Higher School Certificate and their intended career.

scholarly journals THE RITUAL OF KHANDURI LAÔT IN LOWLAND ACEH: An Ethnographic Study in South, South West and West Aceh

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
South West ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Sea Coast

Abstract: This article aims to describe and analyze critically about the ritual of khanduri laôt in lowland Aceh. This annual ritual has been performed from one generation to another for it cannot be separated from the life of fishermen and it leaves a deep impression among the participants. This research is a field research and its data is obtained through meticulous observation of the ritual action and in-deep interview, discussion with the main protagonists of the ritual performance. The result of the research shows that the village fishermen made the offering (cosmological exchange) besides reciting the verses from the Qur’an. The offering is made to “the possessor of the fish” and is also given to “the sea water spirit” who takes care of the fish pond, the coast sea, the sea’s surface, the waves, and the deep sea. The village fishermen considered that cosmological exchange is important to be done as the protection for the fishermen from harm at sea besides the fish will go near the sea coast and taste the khanduri so that the fishermen can easily catch them. <br /><br />Abstrak: Ritual Kenduri Laut di Daratan Aceh: Kajian Etnografi di Aceh Selatan, Barat dan Baratdaya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa secara kritis tentang ritus khanduri laôt di dataran rendah Aceh. Ritus tahunan ini telah dilaksanakan dari generasi ke generasi karena tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan nelayan dan meninggalkan impresi yang mendalam diantara pengikutnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dan datanya diperoleh melalui pengamatan terhadap aktivitas dan upacara ritus, wawancara mendalam dan diskusi dengan informan kunci. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa nelayan desa membuat sesajian (pertukaran cosmos) selain membaca ayat-ayat al-Qur’an. Sesajian juga dibuat untuk the possessor of the fish, dan juga kepada the sea water spirit yang menjaga kolam ikan, pantai laut, permukaan laut, gelombang dan laut dalam. Nelayan-nelayan desa menganggap bahwa pertukaran kosmos perlu dilakukan sebagai proteksi bagi mereka dari gangguan di laut dan ikan akan pergi mendekat ke tepian dan memakan sesajian, sehingga nelayan bisa menangkapnya dengan mudah. <br /><br />Keywords: ritual of the khanduri laôt, sea water spirit, cosmological exchange

scholarly journals The Performance of Notes Inégales: The Influence of Tempo, Musical Structure, and Individual Performance Style on Expressive Timing

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Moelants
Keyword(s):  
Music Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Pitch Interval ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Baroque Music ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Individual Interpretation

notes inégales is a common practice in the performance of French baroque music. It indicates that the first of a pair of equally notated notes is played longer, similar to the use of swing eighths in jazz. The performance of that inequality is an ongoing source of debate, but the actual performance has not been studied yet. In an experiment, eight harpsichordists and eight baroque violinists performed six melodies of French baroque gavottes in three tempo conditions. The mean ratio of inequality was 1.63, with mean ratios of individual performers varying between 1.89 and 1.33. Another significant source of variance was the metric structure, with larger inequality found at metrically important points. Tempo also had an important influence, but individual interpretation varied greatly. For example, while most performers played more evenly while tempo increased, some performers chose the opposite strategy. Pitch interval had only a minor impact on the execution of the notes inégales, but also showed differences between performers. The results show the importance of personal style in music performance: although the music played is highly standardized, we show how the timing of different performers can be influenced by different aspects of the musical structure.

Shi JingSongs as Performance Texts: A Case Study of “Chu Ci” (Thorny Caltrop)

Early China ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 49-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kern
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Performance Texts ◽  
Annotated Translation ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Self Reference ◽  
Performance Text

Focused on a detailed philological analysis of the sacrificial hymn “Chu ci” in theShijing, the present study aims to reconstruct the dramatic multi-vocal structure of an exemplary early Chinese performance text. Examining the interrelation between performance and commemoration from anthropological, art historical, and linguistic perspectives, the study in its first part outlines major characteristics of early Chinese ritual culture in terms of ritual self-reference, aesthetic expression, cultural memory, and the performative act of constituting ritual reality. After these historical and theoretical considerations, a fully annotated translation of “Chu ci” is offered, with the text presented in its multi-vocal structure. This structure of multiple voices and changing perspectives is then discussed through a close analysis of linguistic features such as rhyme shifts, the distribution of pronouns and formal designations for the ritual participants, and the use of formulaic prayer sequences. It is argued that these features are directly interrelated and, if seen together, allow us to reconstruct “Chu ci” as an actual performance text that can be related to specific practices and situations of early Chinese ritual culture. It is concluded that only such a reconstruction renders the text fully intelligible, integrating all its otherwise unruly linguistic elements into a coherent reading. In view of the evidence from “Chu ci,” it is suggested that its multi-vocal structure is not a singular phenomenon but reflects a principle of composition that might also apply to other early Chinese ritual texts.

scholarly journals ICT support for measuring customer metrics defined by the Balanced Scorecard method

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
František Dařena
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Management Process ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Customer Perspective ◽  
Strategic Management Process ◽  
Determining Factor

In the paper an approach to support of strategic management process using the Balanced Scorecard method is discussed. The main focus is primarily directed to the customer perspective as the most important determining factor of today‘s strategic management. The article suggests general framework for construction of individual performance indicators from this field independently on particular implementation of existing information system in the organization. Methods of gaining necessary information from organization‘s database and from organization‘s environment using customer research are considered.

scholarly journals CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN DEATH RITUALS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY OF PIDIE, ACEH, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Muhammad Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Death Rituals ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
Local Cultures

<p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Tradisi Kultural Kenduri Kematian dalam Masyarakat Pidie Aceh, Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat akulturasi budaya dan agama dalam ritual kematian di Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji konsep tasawuf yang terkait dengan tradisi ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dan datanya diperoleh melalui pengamatan yang cermat dari tindakan ritual dan diskusi mendalam dengan protagonis utama dari kinerja ritual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual setelah kematian di Aceh masih mengandung jejak warisan pra-Islam yang telah dibiakkan dengan ajaran Islam sehingga tidak melangar aturan Islam. Dalam ritual kematian ini, unsur-unsur pra-Islam, yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam, telah diganti dengan doa yang direkomendasikan dalam Islam. Akulturasi ini bermanfaat bagi kedua belah pihak. Masyarakat Aceh dapat terus menerapkan budaya warisan mereka, sementara Islam dapat berkembang tanpa ada kontradiksi dalam budaya lokal.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study was conducted to look into the cultural and religious acculturation in the rituals of death in Aceh. It aims to examine the concepts of Sufism related to these traditions. This research is a field research and its data was obtained through meticulous observation of the ritual action and in-depth discussion with the main protagonists of the ritual performance. The results of the research shows that the rituals following a death in Aceh still bear traces of their pre-Islamic legacy, which has been acculturated with the teachings of Islam, so it does not break the rules of Islam. In these rituals for death, the pre-Islamic elements, which conflict with the Islamic creed, have been replaced with prayers, which are recommended in Islam. This acculturation is beneficial to both sides, in one hand the Acehnese people may continue to implement their inherited cultures, while Islam can thrive without having any contradictions within the local cultures on the other. <br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> tradisi, ritual yang mengikuti kematian, akulturasi, Aceh, Indonesia</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document