Jewish Frontkämpfer and the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Michael Geheran
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the changes to Jewish war veterans' legal status after the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 and the ways in which many of these men tried to retain their sense of Germanness in the face of intensifying state-sponsored terror and persecution. Although the Nazis succeeded in banning Jews from the civil service and most veterans' organizations, this did not mean that Jewish veterans were abruptly cast to the margins of German public life. Not all Germans shared Himmler's radical vision of a racially purified Volksgemeinschaft. This inconsistency in experience — persecution on the one hand, and limited solidarity with the German public on the other — obscured the gravity of the Nazi threat, leading many Jewish veterans to contemplate accommodation with the Third Reich.

scholarly journals Refleksje na temat książki Sebastiana Fikusa „Trudny spadek dysydentów III Rzeszy w Republice Federalnej Niemiec”

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Maria Zmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The Third ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The One

REFLECTIONS ON SEBASTIAN FIKUS’S TRUDNY SPADEK DYSYDENTÓW III RZESZY W REPUBLICE FEDERALNEJ NIEMIEC DIFFICULT LEGACY OF THE THIRD REICH’S DISSIDENTS IN FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANYThe reviewed book contains a description of state policy towards the German opponents of Hitler’s regime after the fall of the Third Reich. The death sentences of military courts, Volksgericht and special war courts were treated as legal and the victims and their descendants were not vindicated until 2009. It means that they figured as criminals for more than 50 years. The author suggests that this was connected mainly with economic reasons and the need to restore the national economy. The commentary of the reviewer underlines the importance of other aspects: on the one hand, it was not easy to declare that the Federal Republic of Germany is a new state and to break the continuity of state, especially in the face of the existing German Democratic Republic. On the other hand, it is not easy to declare that the law was not legal, and to punish judges or officers who had acted according to the legal prescriptions; not to mention the old sentence lex retro non agit. 

The German Minority in Inter-War Yugoslavia

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Peter Mentzel
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ethnic Germans ◽  
German Minority ◽  
The Third Reich

The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes inherited a considerable number of Germans along with its ex-Habsburg territories when it was established in December 1918. The two most important German communities in inter-war Yugoslavia were the Germans of Slovenia and the Germans of the Vojvodina and Croatia-Slavonia, the so-called Donau Schwaben (Swabians). There were also scattered pockets of ethnic Germans in Bosnia-Hercegovina. The Yugoslavian ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche), like the other Yugoslavian non-Slav minorities, were objects of discrimination by the Yugoslavian government. The Slovenian German community responded to this hostility by developing a virulent German nationalism which, after 1933, rapidly turned into Nazism. The Swabian community, on the other hand, generally tried to cooperate with the central government in Belgrade. The Swabians remained rather ambivalent toward the rising Nazi movement until the tremendous successes of the Third Reich in 1938 made Nazism irresistibly attractive. In the face of the government's anti-German policies, why did each of these German communities manifest such different attitudes towards the Yugoslav state during the inter-war period? This article will show how several factors of history, demography, and geography combined to produce the different reactions of the two groups.

Un-settling Scores: A Review of Michael H. Kater's Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Steven M. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
European Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Distinguished Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Nazi Era

After Different Drummers (1992) and The Twisted Muse (1997), MichaelH. Kater has presented Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits, as“the last in a trilogy on the interrelationship between sociopoliticalforces on the one side, and music and musicians in the Third Reich,on the other” (264). The author is Distinguished Research Professorof History at the Canadian Centre for German and European Studies(York University). The author of the present review, a musicologist,must express his gratitude to Professor Kater for helping tomake it professionally unacceptable to restrict oneself anymore to“the music itself” when considering certain composers active in Germanyof the 1930s. By the same token, Kater’s reticence about “themusic itself” (which presumably springs from humility) will leavemany a musicologist itching to adduce (if not consult) the scores toconfirm or to contest Kater’s points, for Kater is writing about lives,not works, unless the works have impinged on biographical issues.

The Third Reich’s War on the Occult

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kurlander
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Years ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the regime's policies toward occultists in the early to middle years of the Third Reich, including ‘Hitler's Magicians' Controversy’ — a debate over whether to allow professional anti-occultists to debunk ‘magic’ and occultism. When the regime worked to repress or ‘coordinate’ esoteric groups, it had more to do with controlling than eliminating occult ideas. Indeed, like border scientists generally, many Nazis worked carefully to distinguish between commercial and popular occultism on the one hand and ‘scientific’ occultism on the other. While the Nazis indicated considerable hostility toward commercial occultism, practitioners of the scientific variety enjoyed remarkable latitude, even sponsorship, by the Third Reich. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the ‘Hess Action’ against the occult and its longer term consequences.

The Soul of Europe: Two Different Ways of Thinking Germany’s Debt to Greek Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-160
Author(s):  
Simona Forti
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

This chapter compares two opposing ways of conceiving the idea of the “Soul of Europe”. Both of them trace the origin of the idea to Greek philosophy and especially Plato. On the one hand, it is the Platonism adopted by the so-called 'Nazi philosophical anthropology' that interprets the Germany of the Third Reich, its Idea of Rassenseel, as the moment in which not only the debt of German culture to Greek culture is paid but in which Germany will finally be able to demonstrate that it is the only true heir of ancient Greece and that for this reason it must conquer the whole of Europe. On the other hand, as an example of an opposite vision, it is the work of Jan Patocka who is convinced that German philosophy can 'today' represent the soul of Europe, but for whom both the notion of soul and that of Europe are constitutively open and infinite, connected to the concept of a debt that can never be settled.

scholarly journals Le délicat problème des restes humains en archéologie

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Philippe Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The problem I am interested in is above all that of the biomedical management of human remains in archaeology, these ancient artifacts “unlike any other”, these “atypical patients”. In the following text, I will examine, with an interdisciplinary perspective (anthropological, philosophical and medical), how it is possible to work on human remains in archaeology, but also how to manage their storage after study. Working in archaeology is already a political problem (in the Greek sense of the word, i.e., it literally involves the city), and one could refer directly to Laurent Olivier’s work on the politics of archaeological excavations during the Third Reich and the spread of Nazi ideology based on excavation products and anthropological studies. But in addition, working on human remains can also pose political problems, and we paid the price in my team when we worked on Robespierre’s death mask (the reconstruction of the face having created a real scandal on the part of the French far left) but also when we worked on Henri IV’s head (its identification having considerably revived the historical clan quarrel between Orléans and Bourbon). Working on human remains is therefore anything but insignificant.

scholarly journals Share of death: Care crosses camp

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-648
Author(s):  
Georgios Tsagdis
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Total Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Death Care

The essay thematises the question of care in conditions of total power - not merely extra muros, in the everyday life of the Third Reich, but in its most radical articulation, the concentration camp. Drawing inspiration from Todorov?s work, the essay engages with Levinas, Agamben, Derrida and Nancy, to investigate Heidegger?s determination of Dasein?s horizon through a solitary confrontation with death. Drawing extensively on primary testimonies, the essay shows that when the enclosure of the camp became the Da of existence, care assumed a radical significance as the link between the death of another and the death of oneself. In the face of an apparatus of total power and its attempt to individuate and isolate death, the sharing of death in the figure of care remained one?s most inalienable act of resistance and the last means to hold on to death as something that could be truly one?s own.

Literacy And Power Of Words In Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
ANCY THRESIA N K
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Face ◽  
Small Story ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Power Of Words

The work selected for the study, The Book Thief (2005) by Markus Zusak, belongs to the category of indirect Holocaust literature.The Book Thief is a moving story written by Markus Zusak from the German perspective of everyday civilian hardships and survival under the Third Reich. It celebrates the power of words and love in the face of unutterable suffering. This is the tale of the book thief, as narrated by death. It’s just a small story about, amongst other things: a girl, an accordionist, some fanatical Germans, a Jewish fist fighter, and quite a lot of thievery.The most important theme in “The Book Thief” is the idea that words can give people a sense of security, power and expression. The first theme is the power of words accomplished by the book thief Liesel.

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