scholarly journals Authenticity and Depthiness in the Representation of Affects: Perception and Performativity in Contemporary (Auto)Fiction / Autentsus ja sügavuse illusioon afektide kujutamises: taju ja performatiivsus nüüdisaegses ilukirjanduses ja autofiktsioonis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (27/28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raili Marling

Abstract: This article analyses the tension between the perception and performance of affect in two contemporary texts: Heather Christle’s The Crying Book (2019) and Christine Smallwood’s The Life of the Mind (2021). Both subvert the expectation of feminine sentiment and pose questions about the authenticity of affect. Although affects are always mediated in fiction, experimental fictional texts have the potential for greater authenticity than the performative affective displays of the emotional public sphere.   Üks afektiuuringute keskseid teoreetikuid Brian Massumi (2002b, 233) väidab, et tänapäeval on  afekt olulisem mõiste kui ideoloogia, sest võim toimib üha enam afektide abil. Kuna üldiselt vaadeldakse afekte kehaliste intensiivsustena, mida ei saa teadlikult kontrollida, siis peetakse neid autentseiks, seda ka tänapäeval, mil autentse ja võltsi piir on üha ähmasem. Kuigi üksikisiku tasandil on afektid tõesti raskesti kontrollitavad, on eri valdkondade teadlased näidanud, et afekte on võimalik kunstlikult esile kutsuda, nt poliitiliste või turunduskampaaniate või ka kogemusturismi abil. Seega väärib afektide autentsus lähemat analüüsi.             Käesolev artikkel väidab, et afektid, mida me avalikus sfääris kohtame, on performatiivsed: nad lähtuvad sotsiaalsetest normidest ja tsiteerivad varasemaid afektiivseid esitusi, mis on korduste tõttu omandanud autentsuse aura. Afektide performatiivsus ei tähenda, et nad on võltsid; lihtsalt me ei tohiks nende siirust üle hinnata. Ka performatiivsed afektid kõnetavad teisi inimesi ning tekitavad autentseid afektiivseid reaktsioone. Afektid liiguvad kehalt kehale, nagu väidab Anna Gibbs (2001, 1), aga ka teatrilavalt, kinolinalt või raamatulehekülgedelt publikuni. Seega väärib afektide kujutamine ja selle performatiivsus lähemat tähelepanu kirjanduse ja teiste kunstivormide analüüsis. Jennifer Doyle (2013, 85) väidab, et kui emotsioonist saab emotsiooni representatsioon, siis kerkivad kohe küsimused selle emotsiooni autentsuse kohta. Kuigi tekstidesse kätketud emotsioon või afekt on alati mugandus ja ehk isegi manipulatsioon, ei kaota see oma väge publikut kõnetada ja selles afekte luua. Palju on uuritud etenduskunsti, mis ründab vaatajate meeli ja ootusi ning ka lugejas tugevaid emotsioone tekitavaid traumanarratiive. Vähem on tähelepanu saanud raskesti loetavad ja näilised tundetud kirjandustekstid, mille afektiivne laeng on ambivalentsem. Aga ka sellistel tekstidel on potentsiaal pakkuda inimestele uudseid viise maailmaga suhestumiseks (Berlant ja Prosser 2011, 182). Artikkel keskendub konkreetselt ühele autentseks peetavale afektiivsele fenomenile, pisaratele. Pisarad on üks ilmsemaid afektide ilminguid, mida me ei kontrolli ning mis seega näivad autentseina. Samas juba Roland Barthes (2002) juhib tähelepanu pisarate dialoogilisusele ja suisa manipulatiivsusele. Pisarad on seega huvitav näide afektide autentsuse ja performatiivsuse analüüsimiseks, seda enam, et pisaraid kasutatakse mitmesugustes kunstilistes ja kirjanduslikes tekstides afektide tähistajana. Artikkel lähtub Eugenie Brinkema (2014, 4) soovitusest otsida tekstidest afektide tekstilisi kujutusi, et hoiduda afektiuuringutele tihti omasest subjektiivsusest ning liikuda pelgalt afektide tarbimiselt sügavama teoreetilise analüüsini. Brinkema (2014, 37) soovitab otsida afektide vormi, mis võimaldab analüüsides olla tähelepanelikum kirjandusteksti stiililise keerukuse ja nüansirikkuse suhtes. Seega vaatleb artikkel kirjandusteksti keelelisi väljendusvahendeid kui afektide esitamise ja loomise vahendeid.             Artiklis analüüsitakse kaht nüüdiskirjanduse näidet, mis eksperimenteerivad pisarate kujutamisega. Esimeseks tekstiks on Heather Christle’i autobiograafia sugemetega essee „The Crying Book“ („Nuturaamat“, 2019)  ja teine Christine Smallwoodi romaan „The Life of the Mind“ („Vaimuelu“, 2021). Neid tekste võiks vaadelda uussiiruse näitena, kuid artikkel väidab pigem, et mõlemad autorid küsimärgistavad naiselikkuse ja naiskogemusega seondatavat sentimentaalset siirust. Pisaraid kasutatakse ühtaegu lugeja kõnetamiseks ja samaaegselt lihtsa pinnalugemise õõnestamiseks. Pisarad on performatiivsed, kuid samas ka autentsed, signaliseerides lugejale, et teiste afektide tähendus jääb meile alati kättesaamatuks. Pisarad ei allu ühesele tõlgendusele, näidates autentse ja performatiivse vahelise piiri poorsust.             Tänapäeva menukite hulgas on palju mälestusi, traumanarratiive ja pihtimisi, milles mälu on suunatud tunnete voolusängi (Shields 2010, 56). Sellised tihti kommertslikult pakendatud kogemused on muutunud piiravaiks, sest nad pakuvad liiga kergesti loetavaid ja tarbitavaid stereotüüpseid emotsioone. Artiklis analüüsitud tekstid julgevad sellele kergesti loetavuse ja tarbitavuse kiusatusele vastu hakata. Nad toovad meid näiliselt turvalisse sentimentaalse pihtimuse maailma, kuid siis eemaldavad selged teetähised ja jätavad meid omapäi autentsuse ja performatiivsuse piire kompama. Selline strateegia tekitab lõhe lugeja ja teksti vahel, kuid just selle lõhe ületamiseks tehtud jõupingutus aitab meil mõista näiliselt selgete afektide tegelikku mitmetähenduslikkust. Kuigi kirjanduslikud afektid on alati vahendatud, on eksperimentaalses kirjanduses vähemalt potentsiaal murda välja stereotüüpidele üles ehitatud emotsionaalse avaliku sfääri turvalisest tarbijasõbralikkusest ning meenutada meile elatud kogemuse vasturääkivust ja metsikust.

Author(s):  
Wakoh Shannon Hickey

Mindfulness is widely claimed to improve health and performance, and historians typically say that efforts to promote meditation and yoga therapeutically began in the 1970s. In fact, they began much earlier, and that early history offers important lessons for the present and future. This book traces the history of mind-body medicine from eighteenth-century Mesmerism to the current Mindfulness boom and reveals how religion, race, and gender have shaped events. Many of the first Americans to advocate meditation for healing were women leaders of the Mind Cure movement, which emerged in the late nineteenth century. They believed that by transforming their consciousness, they could also transform oppressive circumstances in which they lived, and some were activists for social reform. Trained by Buddhist and Hindu missionaries, these women promoted meditation through personal networks, religious communities, and publications. Some influenced important African American religious movements, as well. For women and black men, Mind Cure meant not just happiness but liberation in concrete political, economic, and legal terms. The Mind Cure movement exerted enormous pressure on mainstream American religion and medicine, and in response, white, male doctors and clergy with elite academic credentials appropriated some of its methods and channeled them into scientific psychology and medicine. As mental therapeutics became medicalized, individualized, and then commodified, the religious roots of meditation, like the social justice agendas of early Mind Curers, fell away. After tracing how we got from Mind Cure to Mindfulness, this book reveals what got lost in the process.


Author(s):  
Nora Goldschmidt ◽  
Barbara Graziosi

The Introduction sheds light on the reception of classical poetry by focusing on the materiality of the poets’ bodies and their tombs. It outlines four sets of issues, or commonplaces, that govern the organization of the entire volume. The first concerns the opposition between literature and material culture, the life of the mind vs the apprehensions of the body—which fails to acknowledge that poetry emerges from and is attended to by the mortal body. The second concerns the religious significance of the tomb and its location in a mythical landscape which is shaped, in part, by poetry. The third investigates the literary graveyard as a place where poets’ bodies and poetic corpora are collected. Finally, the alleged ‘tomb of Virgil’ provides a specific site where the major claims made in this volume can be most easily be tested.


Academe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Brice Heath ◽  
Gerald Graff
Keyword(s):  

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Regine Lamboy

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] When Hannah Arendt encountered Adolf Eichmann at his trial in Jerusalem she was struck by the fact that his most outstanding characteristic was his utter thoughtlessness. This raised the questins of whether there might be a connection between thinking and abstaining from evil doing, which she explored in her last book The Life of the Mind. If there is indeed such a connection, there may be a class of people who might be led to abstain from evil doing if they can be persuaded to engage in thinking. This dissertation examines Arendt's success in establishing such a connection. Overall, her project does not really succeed. Her overly formal analysis of thinking wavers between a highly abstract and obscure conceptualization of thinking and a more down to earth definition. Ultimately she winds up stripping thinking of all possible content. .


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
David Trippett

The icon of the machine in early-nineteenth-century Britain was subject to a number of contemporary critiques in which pedagogy and the life of the mind were implicated, but to what extent was education in music composition influenced by this? A number of journal articles appeared on the topic of music and phrenology, bolstered by the establishment of the London Phrenological Society (1823), and its sister organization, the British Phrenological Association (1838). They placed the creative imagination, music, and the “natural” life of the mind into a fraught discourse around music and materialism. The cost of a material mind was a perceived loss of contact with the “gifts of naturer … the dynamical nature of man … the mystic depths of man's soul” (Carlyle), but the concept of machine was also invested with magical potential to transform matter, to generate energy, and can be understood as a new ideal type of mechanism. These confliciting ideals and anxieties over mechanism, as paradigm and rallying cry, are here situated in the context of music pedagogy during the second quarter of the century, with particular reference to amateur musicians and the popular appeal of phrenological “exercise,” and of devices such as Johann Bernhard Logier's “chiroplast.”


1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Porter

SynopsisGoodwin Wharton (1653–1704) was a nobleman's son and a Whig MP who played no small part in English public life. His manuscript journal shows, however, that he also lived a bizarre secret life of the mind of a kind which, in later generations, would have led to his confinement as suffering from mental illness. Above all, through the offices of his medium and lover, Mary Parish, he entered into elaborate relations both with the fairy world and with God and His Angels. This paper examines our records of Wharton's consciousness


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Accornero

“Certain sounds, even when they are loud or heard from close by, conjure small sources.” Small sounds, as Chion (2016) describes them in this quote, usually appear in intimate or contained settings, where their relatively low strength will not be spoiled by the masking effects of a noisy public sphere. What happens, however, when they are shared with an audience in a concert venue? Privileging a distributive understanding of agency, I explore the interactions of instruments, techniques, and processes through which the composer Clara Iannotta (b. 1983) brings small sounds to the public space of the concert hall in the first minute of her composition Intent on Resurrection – Spring or Some Such Thing (2014). By articulating the technological means harnessed to allow for the qualities of small sounds to emerge, I reveal the conditions that are required for sound to be recognized and experienced as intimate. Along the way, I draw connections between the amplification aesthetics of Iannotta’s work and Hyperrealist art, and theorize the concept of the “grain of the instrument” drawing on ideas from Roland Barthes, Pierre Schaeffer, and Brian Kane.


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