scholarly journals An integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11336
Author(s):  
Modesto Luceño ◽  
Tamara Villaverde ◽  
José Ignacio Márquez-Corro ◽  
Rogelio Sánchez-Villegas ◽  
Enrique Maguilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nomen Novum ◽  
First Time

Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.

A Taxonomic Treatment of Rogiera (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-210
Author(s):  
Alejandro Torres-Montúfar ◽  
Hilda Flores-Olvera ◽  
Helga Ochoterena
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

Abstract—Rogiera (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae) is a Neotropical genus distributed from Mexico to northern South America that includes shrubs, treelets, or trees, which were previously treated in the taxonomically controversial and confused Rondeletia complex. Rogiera can be recognized among other Rubiaceae by the combination of multiflowered inflorescences, heterostylous flowers, quincuncial corolla aestivation, a hairy ring at the corolla mouth, and capsular fruits with loculicidal dehiscence. Despite the recent taxonomic circumscription of Rogiera there is not a comprehensive taxonomic treatment to it. Moreover, regional floristic treatments disagree on the species circumscriptions, with discrepancies in the number of species of Rogiera from 11 to 20. Based on molecular and morphological evidence studied on field and herbarium specimens, we present a taxonomic revision of Rogiera. We recognize ten species; Mexico is the center of diversity with nine species, four of them endemic. An identification key, descriptions, distribution maps, nomenclatural history, phenological data, and illustrations of all the species in the genus are provided for the first time. Several names required lecto- or epitypifications designated here.

scholarly journals A Synopsis of Orthotrichum s. lato (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) in China, with Distribution Maps and a Key to Determination

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Zuzana Komínková ◽  
Ryszard Ochyra ◽  
Lucie Fialová ◽  
Shuiliang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
First Time

A total of 46 species and two varieties of the traditionally interpreted genus Orthotrichum are currently known to occur in China. They represent five genera, including Orthotrichum (29 species), Lewinskya (14 species and two varieties), and Nyholmiella and Leratia that are represented by a single species each. The fifth genus Florschuetziella, also consisting of only one species, F. scaberrima, is an entirely neglected representative of the China’s moss flora. A list of all accepted taxa is presented and for each taxon all literature records and herbarium specimens are enumerated for provinces in which they have been recorded, and their distribution is mapped. A key to determination of Chinese orthotrichalean mosses is presented. A chronological list of 63 species and varieties and two designations, O. catagonioides and O. microsporum which have never been validly published, reported from China in the years 1892–2020 is presented. Four species, Orthotrichum brasii, O. hooglandii, O. elegans and O. gymnostomum are excluded from the bryoflora of China and Lewinskya affinis var. bohemica and Orthotrichum schimperi are recorded for the first time from this country. Phytogeography of the Chinese taxa of the orthotrichalean mosses is considered and they are grouped into eight phytogeographical elements and five sub-elements.

Diploidy, polyploidy, and agamospermy among species of Eupatorium (Compositae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2907-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Normal Pollen ◽  
Abortive Pollen ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
First Time

Diploids of eight species of Eupatorium, triploids of three species, and tetraploids of four species are reported here for the first time. Meiosisin microsporocytes of triploids and tetraploids either failed to occur resulting in failure of pollen production or less frequently resulted in either incomplete chromosomal pairing or complete asynapsis; the latter two events lead to the production of grossly malformed, abortive pollen with unevenly deposited walls. Megasporogenesis examined in two polyploid plants led to the formation of eight-nucleate, unreduced embryo sacs which formed endosperm and embryos without pollination, indicating that the sporophytes develop asexually through agamospermy. Evidence is given that this may be a facultative characteristic. Megasporogenesis, studied in diploids of four species, produced normal embryo sacs with no indication of agamospermous development. Diploid plants of 11 of 12 species were tested and found to be self-incompatible.Since diploids could readily be distinguished from polyploids by pollen production (diploids produced normal pollen, polyploids produced none or malformed pollen), distributions of a large number of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid individuals could be determined from examining anthers of herbarium specimens. Distribution maps were made using these data as well as those from chromosome counts. Diploid members of species having both diploid, triploid, and (or) tetraploid members consistently had smaller distributional ranges than polyploids of the same species.

scholarly journals Jumping through the hoops: the challenges of daffodil (Narcissus) classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kálmán Könyves ◽  
John David ◽  
Alastair Culham
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Congruent Group ◽  
First Time

Abstract Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages in molecular phylogenetic trees of Narcissus. It is possible that the morphological similarity is a product of both historic and current low-level gene flow between these lineages. For the first time, we report population sampling from across the entire range of distribution covering the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. In total, 455 samples were collected from 59 populations. Plastid DNA sequences of matK and ndhF were generated alongside 11 microsatellite loci to permit comparison between plastid and nuclear lineage histories. The plastid DNA phylogenetic tree was highly congruent with previous molecular studies and supported the recognition of these two lineages of hoop-petticoat daffodils as separate sections. Assignment of samples to sections sometimes differed between plastid DNA and (nuclear) microsatellite data. In these cases, the taxa had previously been the focus of dissent in taxonomic placement based on morphology. These discrepancies could be explained by hybridization and introgression among the two lineages during the evolution of hoop-petticoat daffodils, and shows that placement of species in sections is dependent on the source of data used. This study underlines the complex evolutionary history of Narcissus and highlights the discrepancies between floral morphology and phylogeny, which provides a continuing challenge for the systematics of Narcissus.

Systematics of Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL CALVO ◽  
INÉS ÁLVAREZ ◽  
CARLOS AEDO
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northwestern Africa ◽  
Shape And Size

The complexity of the evolutionary history of Senecio is reflected in its conflicted taxonomy. Within this genus, Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae), a group of perennial herbs distributed in Europe, western and Central Asia, and northwestern Africa, was not fully revised. A worldwide revision of this section recognizing 28 species and eight subspecies is presented here. The main morphological characters revealed as useful for distinguishing between species are the number and shape of supplementary and involucral bracts, synflorescence architecture, indumentum, and the shape and size of leaves and achenes. In this new taxonomic treatment S. provincialis and S. lagascanus have been segregated from S. doronicum, within which three subspecies are recognized (S. doronicum subsp. orientalis is validly published herein). On the other hand, S. ruthenensis from France and S. lusitanicus from Portugal have been synonymized to S. lagascanus, as well as S. ovatifolius, S. pisidicus, and S. tmoleus from Anatolia to S. kolenatianus, S. olympicus, and S. castagneanus respectively, S. bertramii from Lebanon to S. cilicius, and S. delbesianus from Syria to S. racemosus subsp. racemosus. Sixty eight names are lectotypified, the names S. barrelieri, S. pyrenaicus, and S. scopolii are neotypified, and one epitype is designated for the name S. perralderianus. Descriptions and distribution maps are provided for all the species included, as well as an identification key. Nine species are illustrated for the first time.

Heteragrion demarmelsi sp. nov., with taxonomic notes on Colombian Heteragrion species (Odonata: Heteragrionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4623 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-112
Author(s):  
MIGUEL ÁNGEL STAND-PÉREZ ◽  
CORNELIO ANDRÉS BOTA-SIERRA ◽  
LEÓN ANDRÉS PÉREZ-GUTIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

The large genus Heteragrion has a wide distribution in the Neotropics from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, occurring from sea level to 1800 m.a.s.l. In Colombia, so far ten species and two subspecies of the genus Heteragrion have been found; here we raise this number to 14, with three new records for the country (H. angustipenne Selys, 1886, H. flavidorsum Calvert, 1909 and H. valgum Donnelly, 1992), and the description of H. demarmelsi sp. nov. from Leticia Municipality, Amazonas Department. Also, the females of H. angustipenne and H. flavidorsum are described for the first time. Heteragrion peregrinum Williamson, 1919 is rediscovered and reported in new locations. Photographs of the main structures of taxonomic importance of males and females of all species of Heteragrion from Colombia are presented. Finally, we provide distribution maps, a taxonomic key (for males and females), and comments on the natural history of all Heteragrion species known from Colombia, are also included. 

Taxonomic revision of Leandra sect. Leandra (Melastomataceae, Miconieae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO REGINATO
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic monograph of a re-circumscribed Leandra sect. Leandra is presented. The new circumscription is based on a previous phylogenetic hypothesis, and diagnostic morphological characters are discussed. Four new combinations to Leandra are proposed, one from Clidemia (L. capilliflora) and three from Ossaea (L. capitata, L. cogniauxii and L. loligomorpha). Additionally, eight species are treated as synonyms for the first time, and 15 lectotypes are designated. A review of the 17 recognized species, including descriptions, synonymy, illustrations and distribution maps, is provided. This work also includes an overview of general morphology, leaf and flower anatomy, phenology and geographical distribution. Species with a history of taxonomic problems and/or with distinctive morphotypes are further investigated with morphometrics tools.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae – Grewioideae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wellsow ◽  
Michelle Hart ◽  
Peter Wilkie ◽  
David J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
African Genus

A taxonomic revision of Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae s. lat. Juss., subfamily Grewioideae Hochr., tribe Grewieae Endl.) based on about 800 herbarium specimens is presented. Desplatsia is a genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical West and Central Africa and is characterized by subulately divided stipules, the absence of an androgynophore, stamens that are fused to a tube at the base, and large and distinctive fruits that are dispersed by elephants. Four species are recognized (D. subericarpa Bocq., D. chrysochlamys (Mildbr. & Burret) Mildbr. & Burret, D. dewevrei (De Wild. & T.Durand) Burret and D. mildbraedii Burret) and 12 species names are placed into synonymy, two of which have been put into synonymy for the first time: D. floribunda Burret syn. nov. and D. trillesiana (Pierre ex De Wild.) Pierre ex A.Chev. syn. nov. All four species are widely distributed and their conservation status is assessed as Least Concern (LC). A key to the species, full species descriptions, illustrations, a specimen citation list and distribution maps are provided.

scholarly journals A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galán Diaz ◽  
K. Bauters ◽  
L. Rabarivola ◽  
M. Xanthos ◽  
P. Goetghebeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Conservation Assessments ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Rare Endemic ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision of the genus Scleria (Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae) in Madagascar is presented. Herbarium specimens have been examined and 422 identified to species level. Our results recognise 25 species of Scleria from Madagascar, plus an additional heterotypic variety. Eight species are endemic to Madagascar, two are near endemic, eight taxa are also found on mainland Africa, and eight are widespread tropical taxa. Scleria achtenii is reported from Madagascar for the first time, and S. rosea is accepted at species level instead of being considered as a synonym of S. trialata. Distribution maps, conservation assessments, and notes on synonymy, ecology and ethnobotany are provided. Fourty-seven names are typified. Three rare endemic species: S. andringitrensis, S. madagascariensis and S. perpusilla, are assessed as threatened; and a recently described species, S. ankaratrensis, is indicated as Data Deficient. The most species-rich infrageneric taxa, sections Hypoporum, Abortivae and Foveolidia include 18 taxa in total, and showed strong differences in habitat preference.

Natural history of the often-misunderstood Govenia utriculata (Orchidaceae): discovery of a Mexican population upsets West Indies endemism

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
GERARDO A. SALAZAR ◽  
VÍCTOR I. OCTAVIANO-LANDA ◽  
ROLANDO JIMÉNEZ-MACHORRO ◽  
ITZI FRAGOSO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
TEODORO CLASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl. has been pervasively confused in herbaria and the literature, despite showing both vegetative and florally distinctive attributes. Here we document for the first time its presence in Mexico, provide a description, a detailed drawing and color photographs from live flowering plants, and compare it with its congeners. All verifiable records indicate that G. utriculata is restricted to the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and now also Mexico; literature reports from elsewhere were based on misidentifications. Govenia utriculata is distinguished by the large inflated sheath enclosing the leaf petioles, which in living condition is circular in cross section and partially filled with rainwater; such ample sheath is evident in herbarium specimens and shared only by Mexican endemic G. lagenophora Lindl. Florally, G. utriculata is recognized by its small, white flowers, narrowly elliptic, falcate, acute petals with transverse magenta bars above the middle of their inner surface, and narrowly ovate, acuminate labellum with longitudinal keels only below the middle. The single known Mexican population of G. utriculata occurs in a tropical deciduous forest nature reserve (Sierra Montenegro) in the state of Morelos, and thus is under nominal protection; moderate disturbance from trampling and nearby agriculture and cattle ranching was observed in the location but the population seems to be tolerant to such disturbance and all reproductive individuals were found in partially open areas and forest edges. All Mexican plants examined had auto-pollinating flowers; auto-pollination resulted from germination of the pollen on the rostellum briefly before anthesis, apparently precluding cross-pollination as the pollinia are stuck to the rostellum when the flowers open.

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