scholarly journals Clinical, serological and epidemiological features of hepatitis A in León, Nicaragua

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11516
Author(s):  
Sophie Jaisli ◽  
Orlando Mayorga ◽  
Nadia Flores ◽  
Sandra de Berti ◽  
Gustav Frösner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dark Urine ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Background and Objectives To monitor and document the endemicity and disease burden of acute hepatitis A in the area of an ongoing vaccine effectiveness study in León, Nicaragua. Methods At community health centres in León, all children, adolescents and young adults presenting with jaundice and/or other clinical signs of hepatitis were offered free serologic screening (hepatitis A, B and C) and blood tests for liver enzymes and bilirubin. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A was confirmed by anti-HAV IgM testing. Using logistic regression we compared the characteristics and living conditions of acute hepatitis A cases with those of non-cases. Results Of 557 eligible subjects enrolled between May 2006 and March 2010, 315 (56.6%) were diagnosed with hepatitis A, 80.6% of them ≤10 years and five >18 years of age. No severe cases were encountered. Apart from jaundice (95.6%) and other signs of hepatitis A (fever, pale stool, dark urine, nausea, vomiting, anorexia), two thirds of patients had moderately raised liver enzymes. Cases occurred throughout the year, with highest incidences from August to March. Poor sanitary conditions and crowding were the main risk factors. Conclusions In the study area, hepatitis A is still highly endemic in young and school age children living in low socioeconomic conditions. There are, however, first indications that the endemicity level is shifting from high to high-intermediate.

Sources of Infection Among Persons With Acute Hepatitis A and No Identified Risk Factors During a Sustained Community-Wide Outbreak

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. e54-e54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Staes ◽  
T. L. Schlenker ◽  
I. Risk ◽  
K. G. Cannon ◽  
H. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sources Of Infection

scholarly journals A case of severe acute hepatitis A associated with hemolytic anemia and reactivation of cytomegalovirus

Kanzo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Yayoi Hosoki ◽  
Hidemi Hayashi ◽  
Koji Sawada ◽  
Masami Abe ◽  
Tsuneshi Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Severe Acute Hepatitis

scholarly journals ACUTE HEPATITIS A CAUSING RECURRENT CARDIAC TAMPONADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 2437
Author(s):  
Shiavax J. Rao ◽  
Arjun Kanwal ◽  
Salim Rizk ◽  
Sriram Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A

scholarly journals 1061. False Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Due to Acute Hepatitis A Infection: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S559-S559
Author(s):  
Maria V Bandres ◽  
Daniel Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background In our urban, underserved patient population, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is hyper-endemic, and HIV screening is frequently performed. Although HIV screening tests have high specificity, false positives can occur. Numerous reasons for false positive testing have been cited, including vaccinations, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections. In 2019, Philadelphia experienced a large Hepatitis A outbreak, during which time false positive HIV screening tests were discovered. Our aim was to further describe these patients who had been diagnosed with acute Hepatitis A infection and in whom false positive HIV testing had occurred. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 who had a positive Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM. Demographics, HIV tests, viral hepatitis tests, and liver tests were recorded. False positive HIV was defined as a positive HIV screen (p24 antigen and HIV-1 and 2 antibody combo), followed by a negative differentiation assay for HIV-1 and 2 antibodies, combined with a negative HIV PCR. Results A total of 156 unique patients were found to have acute HAV, with 138 cases identified in 2019. Of these, 3 patients had confirmed false positive HIV testing, and 1 patient had suspected false positive HIV testing (HIV-2 differentiation assay indeterminate, with very low local prevalence of HIV-2), for a false positive test rate of 2.6% (4/156). Ages ranged from 36-47 years, 3 were male, and 2 were persons who injected drugs (PWID). Three patients had prior negative HIV testing. Two patients had fevers during admission, but none of the four were febrile at the time of HIV test collection. Three patients had elevated transaminases, and two had abnormal coagulation testing. Coinfection with Hepatitis C was found in three patients. One patient had follow-up HIV testing performed, which was negative. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of false positive HIV testing related to acute HAV. Prevalence of false positives was low, but awareness can facilitate patient counseling. With low sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn about risk factors related to false positive testing. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Severe acute hepatitis A associated with acute pure red cell aplasia

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Tomida ◽  
Yasushi Matsuzaki ◽  
Masaaki Nishi ◽  
Tadashi Ikegami ◽  
Toshiya Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Pure Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Severe Acute Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis preceded by acute hepatitis A infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1568-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Skoog ◽  
R.E. Rivard ◽  
K.P. Batts ◽  
C.I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A
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