scholarly journals Spatial patterns and associations of tree species at different developmental stages in a montane secondary temperate forest of northeastern China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11517
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Xuejiao Bai ◽  
You Yin ◽  
Wenguang Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Neighborhood Competition

Background Secondary forests have become the major forest type worldwide. Research on spatial patterns and associations of tree species at different developmental stages may be informative in understanding the structure and dynamic processes of secondary forests. Methods In this study, we used point pattern analysis to analyze the spatial patterns and associations of tree species at seedling, sapling and adult stages in a 4ha plot in the montane secondary temperate forest of northeastern China. Results We found that species showed similar patterns at seedling, sapling and adult stages, and aggregation was the dominant pattern. The spatial patterns of tree species were mainly affected by habitat heterogeneity. In addition, the strength of positive or negative associated pattern among tree species would decrease with developmental stages, which attributed to neighborhood competition and plant size increasing. Conclusions Our results indicated that the spatial patterns and associations of tree species at seedling and sapling stages partly reflected that at adult stage; habitat heterogeneity and neighborhood competition jointly contributed to species coexistence in this secondary forest.

scholarly journals Spatial point-pattern analysis as a powerful tool in identifying pattern-process relationships in plant ecology: an updated review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Ben-Said
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis

Abstract Background Ecological processes such as seedling establishment, biotic interactions, and mortality can leave footprints on species spatial structure that can be detectable through spatial point-pattern analysis (SPPA). Being widely used in plant ecology, SPPA is increasingly carried out to describe biotic interactions and interpret pattern-process relationships. However, some aspects are still subjected to a non-negligible debate such as required sample size (in terms of the number of points and plot area), the link between the low number of points and frequently observed random (or independent) patterns, and relating patterns to processes. In this paper, an overview of SPPA is given based on rich and updated literature providing guidance for ecologists (especially beginners) on summary statistics, uni-/bi-/multivariate analysis, unmarked/marked analysis, types of marks, etc. Some ambiguities in SPPA are also discussed. Results SPPA has a long history in plant ecology and is based on a large set of summary statistics aiming to describe species spatial patterns. Several mechanisms known to be responsible for species spatial patterns are actually investigated in different biomes and for different species. Natural processes, plant environmental conditions, and human intervention are interrelated and are key drivers of plant spatial distribution. In spite of being not recommended, small sample sizes are more common in SPPA. In some areas, periodic forest inventories and permanent plots are scarce although they are key tools for spatial data availability and plant dynamic monitoring. Conclusion The spatial position of plants is an interesting source of information that helps to make hypotheses about processes responsible for plant spatial structures. Despite the continuous progress of SPPA, some ambiguities require further clarifications.

scholarly journals Spatial point pattern analysis of urban retail stores: the case of twelve large- and medium-sized Greek cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-63
Author(s):  
Michail-Christos TSOUTSOS ◽  
◽  
Yorgos Photis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis

The retailers’ profitability and the consumers’ satisfaction depend on finding the optimal location for a retail store. When considering the stores’ spatial distribution, business potential can be understood and a squandering planning of resources can be avoided. In this paper we identify the spatial patterns of retail stores located in the traditional commercial centers of twelve large -and medium-sized Greek cities, aiming to explain why such patterns exist. The type of retail activities was determined using the image of the ground-floor stores provided by the Google Street View (GSV) service and thus 7322 stores were recorded in a geodatabase as point features. The results reveal that the retail stores’ distribution has a clustered and random spatial pattern at least in one city, where the high population density and the increase in rental prices of premises for professional activities constitute the factors that form these spatial patterns respectively.

Point pattern analysis based on different null models for detecting spatial patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Wang Xinting ◽  
Hou Yali ◽  
Liang Cunzhu ◽  
Wang Wei ◽  
Liu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Null Models ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern

Beech bark disease: spatial patterns of thicket formation and disease spread in an aftermath forest in the northeastern United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Giencke ◽  
Martin Dovčiak ◽  
Giorgos Mountrakis ◽  
Jonathan A. Cale ◽  
Myron J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Northern Hardwood

Beech bark disease (BBD) has affected the composition, structure, and function of forests containing a significant proportion of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) across North America. BBD spread has been investigated at landscape and regional scales, but few studies have examined spatial patterns of disease severity and spread within stands where forest management mitigation measures can be implemented. We analyzed changes in forest composition between 1985 and 2009 and fine-scale spatial patterns of BBD between 2000 and 2009 in a ∼2 ha northern hardwood stand in the Adirondack Mountains of New York using location and disease severity of beech trees. A bivariate point pattern analysis was implemented to examine spatial patterns of beech thicket formation and BBD spread to beech saplings. Abundance of beech saplings increased near highly diseased canopy beech trees and around dead beech and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Disease severity of beech saplings was highest in close proximity to highly cankered canopy beech trees. Thus, BBD leads to the formation of beech thickets, and thickets are often located where saplings are most likely to become infected, increasing the likelihood that secondary killing fronts will develop and lead to heavy BBD-induced mortality in aftermath northern hardwood forests of North America.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of four sympatric owl species in Carpathian montane forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Šotnár ◽  
Ján Obuch ◽  
Samuel Pačenovský ◽  
Benjamín Jarčuška
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Aegolius Funereus ◽  
Coexistence Mechanisms

AbstractKnowledge about spatial distribution of owl species is important for inferring species coexistence mechanisms. In the present study, we explore spatial patterns of distribution and habitat selection of four owl species – Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum), boreal owl (Aegolius funereus), tawny owl (Strix aluco) and Ural owl (Strix uralensis) – ranging in body mass from 50 g to 1300 g, with sympatric occurrence in temperate continuous montane forests in the Veľká Fatra Mts., Western Carpathians, central Slovakia. Locations of hooting owl males were surveyed between 2009–2015 in an area of 317 km2. Spatial point pattern analysis was used for analysis of owl distribution. Random patterns of owls’ spatial arrangement dominate at both intra‐ and interspecific levels within the studied area. Only intraspecific distribution of pygmy owls and interspecific distribution of Ural owls toward tawny owls exhibited positive associations. This discrepancy with other studies can be explained in terms of pygmy owls’ preference for high‐quality nest sites and/or spatial clustering in their prey distribution, and due to aggressive behaviour of dominant Ural owls toward subdominant tawny owls, respectively. Moreover, we found considerable overlap in habitat preferences between owl species, considering stand age, stand height, tree species richness, distance to open area, elevation, slope, percentage of coniferous tree species and position on hillslope, although pygmy owls were not registered in pure broadleaved stands, Ural owls were not registered in pure coniferous stands, and boreal and Ural owls were more common on slope summits and shoulders than tawny and pygmy owls. The observed patterns of spatial arrangement might suggest developed coexistence mechanisms in these owl species; differences between studies may indicate complex interactions between intra‐ and interspecific associations and habitat quality and quantity, food availability and owl species involved in those interactions on a landscape scale.

Investigating spatial structure in specific tree species in ancient semi-natural woodland using remote sensing and marked point pattern analysis

Ecography ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Atkinson ◽  
Giles M. Foody ◽  
Peter W. Gething ◽  
Ajay Mathur ◽  
Colleen K. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Marked Point ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern

scholarly journals Day and night respiration of three tree species in a temperate forest of northeastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sun ◽  
D Guan ◽  
J Wu ◽  
Y Jing ◽  
F Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Northeastern China

Spatial distribution of tree species in a species-rich subtropical mountain forest in central China

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 826-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Guo ◽  
Junmeng Lu ◽  
Scott B. Franklin ◽  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
Yaozhan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽  
Aggregation Intensity

Inferring the processes underlying the spatial distribution patterns of tree species is fundamental for understanding species coexistence. Here, we examined spatial distribution patterns of woody plants by using the univariate pair correlation function to quantify spatial patterns of species in a fullly mapped 25 ha subtropical plot in China. We analyzed the relationships between the species attributes and spatial distribution patterns of 137 tree species with at least one individual per hectare. The results showed that aggregated distributions were the dominant pattern for species in the Badagongshan subtropical forests, and that the percentage of significantly aggregated species decreased with increasing spatial scales. Rare species were more aggregated than intermediate and abundant species, but they were more easily influenced by habitat heterogeneity. Also, there was significantly negative relationship between species abundance and species aggregation intensity. The aggregation intensity showed negative relationships to species mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and maximum DBH, i.e., species became more regularly spaced as species stature increased. Species functional traits (e.g., growth form and phenological guild) also had obvious effects on the spatial patterns of species. However, spatial patterns of tree species were not related to the dispersal mode. Our results partially conformed to the prediction that species’ attributes influenced species’ spatial patterns following similar laws, even after controlling for the effects of habitat heterogeneity. Consequently, species attributes (species abundance, mean DBH, maximal DBH, growth form, phenological guild, etc.) and habitat heterogeneity may primarily contribute to spatial patterns and species coexistence in natural forests.

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